Basic & Clinical Cancer Research
Year:2022 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background: Cancer registration is better understood with the Globocan project. In our article, we compiled the cancer incidence, mortality, and survival data of Tü, rkiye. We presented incidence and mortality-related data from the Global Cancer Observatory, and survival-related data from CONCORD-3. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) were excluded from interpretations for all indicators. The number of new cancer cases in Tü, rkiye with a population of more than 80 million was estimated as 227, 310 people in total, 128, 802 in men and 98, 508 in women. In the same year, 125, 788 people were estimated that died due to cancer, of which 78, 633 were men and 47, 155 were women. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100, 000 (ASIR, world standard population) of all cancers except for NMSC was estimated to be 225. 6 (283. 0 for men and 184. 0 for women). The five most common cancers were breast cancer with an ASIR of 46. 6, following prostate cancer (ASIR = 42. 5), lung cancer (ASIR = 40. 0), colorectal cancer (ASIR = 20. 6), and thyroid cancer (ASIR = 14. 3). The age-standardized mortality rate per 100, 000 (ASMR, world standard population) of all cancers was estimated to be 119. 9 (171. 0 for men, 81. 1 for women). The top 5 most common cancers for both sexes and all age groups were lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and thyroid cancers, respectively. On the other hand, the top 5 most common cancer-caused deaths for both sexes and all age groups were lung, colorectal, stomach, pancreas, and breast cancers, respectively. The top 5 cancers with the worst 5-year age-standardized net survival rate for the sites of cancers in Tü, rkiye between 2010 and 2014 were as follows: pancreas 10. 4%, lung 14. 9%, liver 15. 9%, esophagus 19. 0% and stomach 24. 9%. Not only existing and increasing potential behavioral and possible environmental/ occupational and metabolic risk factors over time are a public health threat for Tü, rkiye, but also some unchangeable factors e. g. the aging population and the prolongation of life expectancy are contributing to increased cancer incidence. The prevalences of tobacco use and obesity are alarming. Policies to combat risk factors should be strengthened, especially the implementation of legal regulation regarding tobacco control in the field to achieve control of tobacco-related cancers. Incidence, mortality, and survival data are also considered, and preventive strategies with public health principles should be strengthened. In addition, population-based cancer registries and research on cancer epidemiology based on the data released from these registries should be supported.

Introduction: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for around 1% of all breast cancers. However, the incidence & patterns of MBC varies in different parts of the world. Due to the rarity of its occurrence, very few literature are available regarding its peculiarities. Material & Methods: A total of 119 patients of MBC were included in this retrospective analysis, who were registered in a single regional cancer center in India over 30 years period from 1991 to 2020. Data from all patients were collected to evaluate the spectrum and patterns of MBC concerning presentation, distribution, and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Total of 119-patients of MBC were registered in this time. The median age of presentation was 59 years. The right to left ratio was 1. 25: 1, which indicated that both sides breast was equally affected. Most of the patients (68. 1%) presented late in the disease course with locally advanced or metastatic lesions. The majority of breast lesion was central or retro-areolar in location and infiltrating ductal carcinoma histology was found in more than 90% of patients. Estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity was seen in 42. 9% and 29. 4% of patients, respectively. The most common metastatic site was bone. Conclusion: Our data regarding MBC patients matched closely with existing literature. However, it is seen MBC patients presented to oncologists in a locally advanced stages,either because of shyness or unaddressed health education. Emphasis should be given to prospective studies to gather more knowledge about the demography and pattern of this rare yet sprouting malignancy.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease that is inherited autosomal dominantly and may be associated with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in 10-20% of cases. Different phenotypes are related to the form of lesions in different parts of the body, including skin, brain, kidneys, lungs, and heart. The age of the patient, the location of the tumor, and associated skin or neurological lesions may guide the pathologist for a definite diagnosis. Here we report a case of SEGA in an adolescent with TSC. Neurological clues including seizure and mental retardation, facial angiofibroma, renal mass, and histopathology examination of the brain tumor culminated in the diagnosis of TSC and SEGA.

Background: Vanadium is an essential dietary microelement that plays a key role in metabolic pathways and has anti-neoplastic effects. In this regard, vanadium oxide 3-methoxy salen complex was produced and its anticancer effects were evaluated against HeLa and McCoy cell lines. Methods: Schiff bases produced from equivalents of Vanadyl acetylacetonate [VO(acac)2] in methanol were used to make a vanadium oxide 3-methoxy salen complex. Then, The antioxidant property of compound, cell viability and cytotoxicity assay, DNA fragmentation analysis and determination of the apoptosis pathway genes were evaluated. Results: The result showed that the compound with an RC50 value of 126. 3 μ, M demonstrated considerable free radical scavenging activity. The combination strongly suppressed the viability and proliferation of HeLa and McCoy cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 213 μ, M and 175 μ, M, respectively. When the viability and cytotoxicity values of the treated cells were compared, it was discovered that the cells had died of apoptosis, which was validated by DNA fragmentation analysis. Capspase 3, Bcl2 antagonist/killer, and Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax) gene expression levels all increased significantly in a quantitative investigation of apoptotic pathway genes, with 2-CT values of 2. 36, 2. 63, and 3. 18, respectively. Conclusion: In HeLa and McCoy malignant cell lines, lower quantities of the complex caused programmed cell death. This potential of complex can be used in cancer chemoprevention and cancer therapy.

Askin tumour is an uncommon form of malignant neoplasm that develops from the soft tissues of the thoracopulmonary wall and has a neuroectodermal origin and possess aggressive behavior. As it mimics other common pediatric disorders such as empyema, tuberculosis, lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma, it acts as a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the treating clinicians. Its rarity, however, contributes greatly to the absence of standardized treatment protocols further facilitating detrimental prognosis. So, the major deciding factor of its survival rate is early and precise diagnosis followed by its treatment. The present study reports a case Askin’, s tumor in a child which is locally aggressive and quite rare. While making the definitive diagnosis of an Askin’, s tumour of the thorcopulmonary region the possibility of the occurrence of other primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) was not ruled out.

Background: CT Guided lung biopsy is a common procedure in our department and pneumothorax is one of its commonest complications. To study the incidence of pneumothorax after CT guided lung biopsy and the various factors associated with the risk of developing pneumothorax after biopsy. Materials and Methods: Our study was a retrospective observational study. We analyzed 360 cases of lung biopsy performed using 18G Coaxial needle for assessing the incidence of post-procedure pneumothorax. The risk factors for pneumothorax were evaluated by univariate analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to know the independent risk factors of pneumothorax. Results: The incidence of pneumothorax in our study was 41. 9% (151/360 cases). On univariate analysis, we identified the following as risk factors of post-procedure pneumothorax: the presence of emphysema, smaller lesion size, Greater lesion depth, Lateral position, multiple passes and acute angulation of needle trajectory. On multivariate logistic regression analysis these were also revealed to be independent risk factors of post-procedure pneumothorax. Conclusion: Independent risk factors of post procedure pneumothorax are the presence of emphysema, smaller lesion size, greater lesion depth, Lateral position, multiple passes and acute angulation of needle trajectory. Of these lateral position is a novel predictor of pneumothorax that has been scarcely mentioned in literature. As such the radiologist should be prepared for managing pneumothorax in cases with one or more of these risk factors.

Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of blood-producing cells that are among the most common malignant disorders in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the gene expression of TNF-α, , IL6, IL1-α, , IL-10, and TGF-β, 1 at diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia. The current study included 50 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 50 control subjects. ELISA was used to determine the serum concentrations of TNF-α, , IL6, IL1-α, , IL-10, and TGF-β, 1. After cDNA synthesis and RNA extraction, the expression of TNF-α, , IL6, IL1-α, , IL-10, and TGF-β, 1 genes was determined using real-time PCR (Δ, Δ, CT computational). Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 19, and P<0. 05 was deemed statistically significant. The mean serum levels of TNF-α, , IL6, IL1-α, , IL-10, and TGF-β, 1 were lower in patients with acute myeloid leukemia than in the control group. In addition, cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in AML patients compared to the control group (p<0. 0001). Changes in TNF-α, , IL6, IL1-α, , IL-10, and TGF-β, 1 were associated with acute myeloid leukemia, according to the findings. The current study supports the use of cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemia.

Object: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between resilience and mindfulness with mental toughness mediated by self-compassion in cancer patients. Method: The method of this research is descriptive and the correlational research design is structural equation modeling. The statistical population in this study included cancer patients in 1399 who were selected by purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 200 cancer patients (male and female) referred to the Oncology Clinical Center of Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran. To collect data from the Short Form of Mindfulness Mind Scale, the Resilience Scale, the Compassion Scale Form, and the mental toughness Scale were used. The bootstrap method was used to analyze the intermediate relationships. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of resilience and mindfulness on self-compassion was significant with coefficients of (0. 27) and (0. 29). The direct effect of mindfulness on mental toughness, (0. 056) was not significant, but the direct effect of resilience on mental toughness (0. 31) was significant. The indirect effects of resilience and mindfulness on mental toughness with mediating role of self-compassion were significant respectively with coefficients (0. 089) and (0. 092). Conclusion: The results of the research have practical implications for health professionals and psychologists and it can be concluded that Resilience and Mindfulness by the mediating role of self-compassion effects on the mental toughness of cancer patients.