Armaghane Danesh
Year:2023 | Volume:28 | Issue:1 (156)|Papers Count:11

Background & aim: Deafness (HL) is the most common sensorineural disorder. The frequency of hearing impairment in the world is one in every 500 newborns. However, in Iran, due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages, this amount is estimated to be two to three times higher. So far, more than 120 genes causing non-syndromic deafness (NSHL) have been known in the world. Among these, GJB2 gene mutations are the most common cause of autosomal recessive NSHL. The aim of this research was to determine and investigate the frequency and spectrum of GJB2 gene mutations in the non-syndromic deaf population of Semnan province. Methods: The present practical study was conducted in 2021 on 50 patients with non-syndromic hearing loss from 50 unrelated families. First, the very common 35delG mutation was screened by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR). Then, in order to identify other mutations of the GJB2 gene, patients who were negative or heterozygous for the 35delG mutation were analyzed by trench sequencing for all exonic regions and splicing sites of the GJB2 gene. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. Results: In the present study, 100 chromosomes (50 patients) were examined. 12 chromosomes (12%) indicated mutation in GJB2 gene. Among these, the share of each of the identified mutations 35delG, IVS1+1G>A and c. 94C>T: p. Arg32Cys in the deaf population of Semnan province, respectively,7, 4 and 1 percent. Thus, the common 35delG mutation includes 58. 34% of all identified mutations. Also, unlike other populations studied in Iran, the IVS1+1G>A splice site mutation had a relatively high prevalence in the deaf population of Semnan province. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that GJB2 gene mutations comprised only 12% of mutations causing hearing loss in the deaf population of Semnan province, which emphasizes the importance of using next generation sequencing techniques to identify other genes causing hereditary hearing loss in this population. Such an approach will significantly aid in carrying out genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and clinical management of hearing loss in Semnan province.

Background & aim: Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss, which belongs to the Apiaceae family, is a biennial plant, stable, dull green or bluish in color, with a height of about 10-30 cm, which is branched and withot fluff in the lower part. This plant has been used in Iranian traditional medicine to relieve pain and relieve inflammation, and its antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and some dermatophytes have been reported. In the present study the In-Vitro scolicidal activity of essential oils of Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss on hydatid cyst protoscoleces was investigated. Methods: In the present experimental study was conducted in 2021 on infected sheep cysts collected from Yasuj slaughterhouse. Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil were obtained and processed in the Medicinal Plants Research Center of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences laboratory. Moreover, the major compounds of plants' essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At that point, the in-vitro protoscolicidal percentage of essential oil of Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss concentrations 10, 5, 2. 5, 1. 25, and 0. 625 mg/ml in durations of 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes was determined. The collected data analyzed using SPSS software version 21 through descriptive and analysis of variance with repeated measurement as inferential statistics with a 95% confidence level. Results: The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry performed on Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil indicated that among the major compounds in the above-mentioned plant essential oil, the most compounds were Decanal, Dodecanal, α,-pinene and (2E)-Dodecenal. . The results demonstrated that the highest effective concentration for Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil was 1. 25 mg/ml, which caused 100% death of protoscoleces in 5 minutes (p< 0. 05). Conclusion: Ducrosia anethifolia DC. Boiss essential oil has a strong scolicidal effect and if the results of this study are confirmed in future in-vivo studies and its non-toxicity is ensured, it can be used as a protoscolexicidal substance.

Background & aim: The presence of natural organic substances (NOM) in aqueous solutions due to the creation of disinfection by-products (DBP) including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), as a result of the chlorination of aqueous solutions in the conventional purification process and according to Potential health risks for public health have attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the performance of combined Fenton-ultrasonic processes in removing the precursors of trihalomethanes from aqueous environments using zero iron. Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2021, the effect of independent variables included: the initial concentration of the pollutant, the reaction time, the concentration of the catalyst used, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used and the pH in the specified range to remove the precursors of trihalomethanes from water environments using zero iron with the surfaceresponse method based on composite design. Central (CCD) was evaluated. Experiments were designed using Design expert software and CCD-RSM method. The graphs and figures required to determine the kinetics of the reactions were drawn using Excel software and the statistical parameters were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions of the process using analysis of variance, regression and Fisher tests. Results: The results indicated that by keeping the humic acid concentration at 64. 75 mg/liter and the catalyst concentration at 106. 76 mg/liter and the constant pH=4. 39, the highest humic acid removal efficiency occurs when It happens that the hydrogen peroxide and the reaction time are at their maximum level of 35 mmol and 88. 75 minutes, respectively, and in this condition, the removal rate has increased from 80% to 92%, and also with the increase in the amount of the catalyst, the reaction efficiency increases. find According to the reactions related to the Fenton process, the presence of iron causes an increase in hydroxyl radicals, this can be one of the reasons for increasing the removal efficiency. Conclusion: In the mentioned Ultrasonic-Fenton process under laboratory conditions, iron ion as a catalyst reacted with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment and produces hydroxyl radicals. The efficiency of this method was influenced by various factors such as pH, concentration of iron and hydrogen peroxide, initial concentration of the pollutant and reaction time.

Background & aim: Sedentariness and lack of physical activity is one of the complications of old age in the present time. Considering the special requirements of old age, it is very important to pay attention to behaviors that promote health and quality of life in the elderly. The purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of instructional intervention on the level of physical activity of elderly women based on the behavioral intention model. Methods: The present semi-experimental study applied a pre-test-post-test method with a control group, which was conducted in 2021 on elderly women over 60 years of age in Sanandaj, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into two intervention (30 people) and control (30 people) groups. The researcher-made questionnaire data collection tool included two sections of demographic information and planned behavior theory constructs, as well as an international physical activity questionnaire. The method of training in the intervention group includes,It was a face-to-face and question-and-answer training that was held during four 45-minute sessions. Collected data were analyzed using Golmogorov Smironov, chi-square and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. Results: The average age of the participants in the intervention group was 70. 6 ±,0. 7 and the control group was 73. 9 ±,8. 2. The findings showed that comparing the average scores,Attitude constructs, abstract soft, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention in the intervention and control groups after the educational intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed (p=0. 0001). Moreover, the amount of engaging in physical activity among the elderly in the intervention group significantly increased after the educational intervention (p=0. 0001). Conclusion: The educational program based on the theory of planned behavior has increased physical activity in elderly women by affecting the dimensions of control, attitude, behavioral intention, norm mentality and awareness of the elderly.

Background & aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown cause and complex pathogenesis, characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination and loss of neurons. This disease usually manifests as movement disorders, vision disorders, or sensory problems. The etiology of MS is not precisely known, although environmental factors such as nutrition, physical inactivity, smoking and low vitamin D concentration play a role in this case. Researches show that patients with MS are at risk of malnutrition and reduced intake of micronutrients due to inactivity, anorexia, depression and side effects of drugs. Many studies have investigated the effects of nutrients and dietary patterns in patients with MS, however, the role of diet and nutrients in the progression of the disease is not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the role of some nutritional supplements in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Methods: In the present narrative review article, reliable Persian and English databases including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Magiran were searched and articles that studied the effect of nutritional supplements in the treatment of multiple sclerosis were reviewed. Results: The results of the present review study indicated that some nutrients such as vitamin D, vitamin A, biotin, as well as omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics may improve disability, reduce disease progression, reduce disease recurrence, improve fatigue and depression in patients. get MS Conclusion: Considering that some nutrients can improve the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in MS patients, a suitable nutritional intervention or following a healthy diet may improve the severity and symptoms of MS and as a Possible complementary treatment should be considered in this disease.

Background & aim: CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs) are a group of T lymphocytes that play an important role in regulating immune system responses by suppressing the activity of other T cells and establishing homeostasis in the immune system. be. Th1 and Th2 cells are another group of CD4+ cells that play an important role in the formation of inflammatory responses. Considering the important role of Treg, Th1 and Th2 cells in immune responses in patients with lymphoma, the present study investigated the frequency of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 lymphocytes in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who were in different phases of the disease (new patients, patients in recovery phase and patients in the relapse phase) and their relationship with disease prognosis. Methods: In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, 47 Hodgkin's lymphoma patients including 10 new cases, 24 remission cases and 13 relapsed cases were included in the study. Due to the limited number of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, all eligible patients who referred to the hematology and oncology department of Shahid Motahari Clinic and Amir Hospital between 2019 and 2017 were included in the study. The frequency of Treg, Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in peripheral blood was measured with the help of flow cytometry method and then the ratio of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 populations was determined. Collected data were analyzed using MannWhitney and Croxall-Wallis tests. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: The results indicated that the ratio of Treg/Th1 lymphocytes in recovered cases (0. 025%) and relapsed cases (0. 007%) compared to new cases (0. 16%) (respectively with p<0. 001* and p<0. 001*) and relapsed cases were significantly reduced compared to recovered cases (p*=0. 023). Regarding the ratio of Treg/Th2 lymphocytes, their significant decrease was observed in recovered cases (0. 43%) and relapsed (0. 34%) compared to new cases (4. 27%) (p<0. 001, respectively). * and p<0. 001*). Also, taking into account the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score parameter, the ratio of Treg/Th1 cells in lymphoma patients in the low-moderate risk group was higher than the high-risk group (median). 0. 031% versus 0. 013%, p=0. 007*). In addition, the ratio of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients was higher in the group with performance status (PS) less than 2 (PS<2) than in the group with performance status equal to or greater than 2 (PS≥, 2). The median of 0. 036% versus 0. 013%, p=0. 001 and 0. 78% versus 0. 37%, p=0. 013) respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that an increase in the ratio of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th2 lymphocytes is related to better response to treatment and better prognosis in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.

Background & aim: Beta thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary diseases in Iran. The birth of a child with thalassemia causes many social and economic problems for parents and the health care system. Nowadays, prenatal screening programs to detect beta thalassemia have received much attention in the country. The aim of the present study was the determination and sampling of chorionic villi for the diagnosis of beta-thalassemia major in the first trimester of pregnancy in south-western Iran. Methods: The present descriptive-prospective and practical study was conducted in 2021 on couples suffering from thalassemia minor and referred to the Narges Genetics Laboratory in Ahwaz, Iran. For preventive measures, blood samples were taken from volunteers. At that point, the couples who had HbA2 above 3. 5 and were in the 10th to 13th week of pregnancy continued the treatment by performing chorionic villus sampling in order to evaluate the health of the fetus. Chorionic villus sampling was performed under local anesthesia with a needle from the abdominal area of pregnant women, and about 5-10 cc of placental trophoblast villi were collected. The collected data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square statistical tests. Results: A total of 91 pregnant women underwent chorionic villus sampling. Thirty-eight individuals (41. 8%) had thalassemia minor, 25 individuals (27. 5%) had thalassemia major, the familial relationship between couples was also examined, and there was no significant association between the familial relationship and occurrence of thalassemia major. 20 people (30%) had a child with thalassemia major and 60 people (66%) had a child with thalassemia minor. Fetuses with thalassemia major in mothers with blood type A+, 38 subjects (42%) and O+ 35 subjects (38. 4%), the prevalence of thalassemia major was higher in the Fars subjects, the highest in 39 subjects (42. 8%), and the lowest was the Kurdish people with one person (1 percent). Conclusion: The technique of chorionic villus sampling is an accurate method with no significant risk to both mother and fetus. This method can be used to diagnose beta thalassemia before birth.

Background & aim: Divorce brings emotional separation and psychological pressures for most women, which requires the most changes for re-adaptation in these people. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to determine and develop a structural model of adjustment after divorce based on social and psychological factors in divorced women in Shiraz. Methods: The present descriptive correlational study was conducted in Shiraz city in 2018. The statistical population of the study included all divorced women who were divorced for at least two years and were not remarried. 416 samples were selected through available sampling from fifteen psychological clinics under the supervision of welfare and family courts. Moreover, they were evaluated through Fisher's post-divorce adjustment questionnaires, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Bell's Social Adjustment Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire, Neo Short Form Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire, and Emotion Cognitive Regulation Strategies Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and Fisher's statistical tests. Results: The results indicated that the variables of perceived support, attachment styles and personality traits through the variables of cognitive regulation of emotion and social adjustment had a significant effect on adjustment after divorce (p<. 05). Unreconciled emotion regulation had a negative and significant effect on post-divorce adjustment (p<. 05). The adjusted emotion regulation variable had a positive and significant effect on post-divorce adjustment directly and indirectly through social adjustment (p<. 05). Finally, the social adjustment variable had a positive and significant effect on post-divorce adjustment (p<. 05). Social adjustment was the strongest predictor of adjustment after divorce (0. 63) than personality traits (0. 59). Secure attachment style had the greatest effect on post-divorce adjustment through compromised emotion regulation (0. 26). Furthermore, the personality trait of neuroticism had the greatest impact on post-divorce adjustment through compromised emotion regulation (0. 52). Friends' support through social adjustment had the greatest effect on post-divorce adjustment (0. 43). Planning strategy through social adjustment had the greatest impact on post-divorce adjustment (0. 34). The mentioned variables explain a total of 65% of the variance of adjustment after divorce. Conclusion: The structural model revealed that some social and psychological factors were able to predict adjustment after divorce, and the results of the present study can be studied and be useful for counseling clinics, psychology and other institutions that are responsible for the health of society.

Background & aim: Covid-19 is an emergent virus which has infected millions of people and triggered a serious circumstance all over the world. Due to the high prevalence of Covid-19 and limited treatment capacity, quick identification of factors which indicate the severity of the disease can be very helpful. The purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein and lymphopenia with the severity of the disease in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 in Yasuj, Iran, in 2019. Methods: The present descriptive study was of retrospective type and available sampling method was used in 2019 on 206 patients with covid-19 where blood oxygen level, CT scan and CRP and blood lymphocyte levels were the main factors investigated. The sampling method was census and using a predetermined checklist, the required information was extracted from the files of patients admitted to the hospital. In this study, the background information of the patients including age, gender, clinical symptoms, length of stay in the hospital, the patient's condition based on discharge with relative recovery or death were collected. Furthermore, paraclinical information including: percentage of blood oxygen saturation, white blood cell count, lymphocyte, CRP and lung involvement in CT scan were extracted from the patients' files. The collected data were analyzed using the Willicion test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The participants in the present study included 206 people whose average age was 51. 39 years. 103 (50%) were men and 103 (50%) were women. The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of lymphocytes in patients with severe, moderate and mild disease based on the oxygen level (p=0. 03), but the CRP level in these patients was based on the blood oxygen level (p=0. 32). CT scan (p=0. 07) did not show any significant difference. In addition, there was no significant difference in the amount of lymphocytes in patients with severe, moderate and mild corona based on CT scan (p=0. 14). Conclusion: According to the findings obtained from the present study, it appeared that the level of lymphopenia can be used to predict the severity of the disease in patients with covid-19, but the level of CRP can be used to predict the severity of the disease in Covid-19 patients cannot be used based on the obtained results.

Background & aim: managed care is an example of modern health care systems whose task is to control the cost of services in a cost-effective manner through managed care organizations. Considering that several factors such as inadequate budget, unnecessary prescriptions and tests, incorrect payment system are observed in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and explain the model of managed care for emerging respiratory infectious diseases in Iran's healthcare system. Methods: The present case study and semi-structured interview was conducted on 12 experts and professors in 2019 leading to the development of research model criteria. For emerging respiratory infectious diseases, based on content analysis technique, these factors and indicators are categorized. Considering that the purpose of this research is an exploratory combination of the sequential type and the tooling model, designing and editing the model based on the criteria of the model design. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of generalized linear models, Hotelling's t and Bonferroni's post-test. Results: Based on the conducted interviews and review of previous researches, Factors affecting the managed care pattern for emerging respiratory infectious diseases were identified and divided into five separate dimensions and placed into 13 categories based on axial coding. In this model, 5 main categories of financing, providing resources, information and research, servicing and equipping, as well as government agents were identified as the main categories. Also, the managed care status of emerging respiratory infectious disease (Corona) was ranked first and other diseases were ranked next. The managed care of rural centers was significantly better than urban centers. Conclusion: In general, planning to establish these organizations as a private sector of insurance alongside the treatment sector is inevitable, so a model that could facilitate the traditional system and move towards the new system is essential.