Bioethics Journal
Year:2023 | Volume:13 | Issue:38|Papers Count:16

Background and Aim: The development of Environmental Ethics, Character and Etiquette in human societies is necessary to improve the behavior of humans with the environment. Environmental education in formal and informal forms plays an important role in its protection. In order to effective education to be achieved in accordance with the philosophy, foundations and local culture of the society, it is necessary to use appropriate models. The purpose of this research is to identify the components of the model of Environmental Etiquette Education from the perspective of the Iranian Islamic model of progress. Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively and by the method of theme analysis and identifying the network of themes related to the research subject among various related texts. By in-depth study of 43 sources, related sentences were identified and 1057 codes were extracted. Then, the related codes were categorized based on thematic and conceptual relationship and were revised several times to ensure the acceptability and objectivity of the data. In this way, the organizing categories were identified and by repeatedly examining the categories with an inductive approach, the components of the model were concluded. Finally, 1057 codes were organized in 49 categories and 8 components. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and trustworthiness have been observed in the report and reference to the texts. Results: The constituent components of the environmental education model from the perspective of the Iranian Islamic model of progress were: basics, principles, message of the model, goals, teaching and learning components, the role of the learner, the role of the instructive, the environment and context of learning and evaluation. Also indicators such as "attention to the concept of guidance", "management of genetic infrastructures of education and learning", "attention to three-dimensionality existence of environment", "environmental etiquette", "Islamic view of the motherhood of the environment for humans", "attention to the rational capacity of the audience in communication and education" and "measurement and evaluation without grade criteria" were very important variables from the islamic point of veiw in environmental etiquette education. Conclusion: It is necessary to extract and design the foundations, principles, patterns, objectives and educational methods of educating environmental etiquette, appropriate to the biosphere and the characteristics of Iranian people, through the teachings of Islam. The need to differentiate between the widely used concepts of environmental ethics, environmental behavior and environmental etiquette is emphasized. In the environmental etiquette education, the teacher has a reference role and is not just a facilitator. The initial assessment is necessary for each audience to recognize the rational capacity of the learner, in order to personalize the programs and methods of teaching and environmental etiquette education by the teacher. The final assessment in environmental etiquette education is based on the level of effort and responsibility of the learner and without the grade criterion.

Background and Aim: Judging is one of the most important affairs of society, to the extent that it is called a divine office. The purpose of this research is to examine the manners and ethics of judging in the light of verses and Shia traditions. Methods: This research is of theoretical type. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Results: The findings of the present research show that the manners and ethics of judging are designed in a way based on the matter of judging, and their main function is to prevent corruption of the judge and deviation from the path of justice. Conclusion: In the interpretation of laws and regulations, and specifically the law on the supervision of the behavior of judges, it is possible to refer to the moral teachings in the framework of the verses and Shia traditions. These teachings create a suitable environment for solving the existing gaps. In fact, the presence of the qualities that the Holy Sharia deems necessary in a judge eliminates the basis of any kind of corruption in the matter of judgment and administration of justice.

Background and Aim: Today, exploring the meaning of life is one of the common issues of psychology and philosophy. In psychological analysis, meaning in life is considered a positive and desirable psychological quality, and is evaluated in relation to the stimulus, Communication and understanding of the person. However, in the end, the person-centered view of meaning of life does not provide any comprehensive answer to the question of what the meaning of life is. On the other hand, philosophy, with the approach of finding general and universal answers, tries to define fundamental principles for the meaning of life by laying metaphysical foundations. Therefore, he has tried to provide a comprehensive answer to the meaning of life with naturalistic and supernaturalist theories, although he has been criticized in this way. Methods: In this comparative study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the similarities and differences between the two fields of psychology and philosophy in the field of the meaning of life have been investigated. Ethical Considerations: The ethical principles of theoretical and library study, including honesty and trustworthiness in referring to sources, have been observed in this research. Results: Based on the findings of this research, it can be said: First, Meaning is basically something that precedes us, so in analyzing the meaning of life, we should pay attention to the source of life,Secondly, the psychological view of the meaning of life has somehow degraded the meaning from a general thing to a personalized thing,Thirdly, returning to a philosophical view for the meaning of life can be the basis for preventing general nihilism in life. Conclusion: Analyzing and interpreting the question of what is the meaning of life from a psychological and philosophical point of view and creating a structural and historical contrast between these two fields of knowledge, paves the way to find new answers to this problem.

Background and Aim: The principle non bis in idem is one of the principles of fair proceedings in criminal proceedings, which, according to modern criminal law and the emergence of the concept of "criminal matters" in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, can be extended to administrative and disciplinary violations as well. Doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives and other professions related to medicine may commit disciplinary, punitive, insurance, administrative and criminal offenses, each of which has its own laws as possible. It is possible for a doctor to be included in the mentioned various titles and bear many punishments due to a single action. The purpose of this research is to examine the ways out of this unfair and even immoral approach by resorting to existing humanitarian and fair legal solutions, especially the principle non bis in idem. Methods: The method of collecting information in this research is a library and the contents have been analyzed in a descriptive way. Ethical Considerations: In this article, the ethical principles of writing, including trustworthiness, honesty and originality of the text, have been observed. Results: Examining the laws and regulations related to the medical profession shows that the aforementioned principle has not been observed regarding the disciplinary violations of doctors and allied professions, and in terms of the variety and number of violations counted in the regulations of this profession, the employees of this profession, have been subjected to disrespect and lack of fairness. Conclusion: Compliance with the principles and rules of humanitarian and fair proceedings, especially the principle of prohibition of re-trial and re-punishment, with the solutions proposed by the researcher, can compensate this shortcoming well.

Background and Aim: The problem of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in today's educational environment is a prominent and pervasive issue that has its roots in several sources. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating organizational trauma management (MTO) in new teachers with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Methods: The method of this research was case study according to the purpose,At first, qualitative data was collected and then according to the findings, quantitative data was extracted and analyzed. The statistical population was new teachers of Gilan, Alborz and Tehran provinces with a population of 15, 000 people. In this part of sampling, 375 people were selected through cluster sampling. In the qualitative section, 25 people were selected using targeted sampling. Data collection in the qualitative part was done using the database method and through semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, it was done through a researcher-made questionnaire, the alpha coefficient of which was calculated as 0. 91. In order to analyze the quantitative part, artificial neural network was used using SPSS 25 software. Ethical Considerations: Along with informing the participants about the research process, full satisfaction was obtained for the implementation of the research. Results: The results of the research in the qualitative part in the form of a model was including causal conditions (3 categories), core category (organizational trauma management), strategy (6 categories), background (3 categories), intervention conditions, (3 categories) and consequences (6 categories). The findings of the quantitative part also showed that psychological empowerment has the greatest effect and psychological safety has the least importance coefficient in estimating organizational trauma management. Conclusion: According to the surveys, many new teachers face significant and unique challenges in the work environment, which expose them to the risk of stress, burnout and erosion, because they are not treated through education or support. Therefore, for new teachers who are known as an important force in the educational system, it is necessary to provide and support by a structural review and create a platform to express their points of view in different fields in the organization.

Background and Aim: Moral education is one of the most important educational issues. Achieving this great goal in various educational institutions requires a plan that is called a curriculum in the literature of educational sciences. The purpose of this study was to review the status of moral education in curriculum studies. Methods: The research method was qualitative (descriptive) and the statistical population included all articles published in the Iranian Science Publications Database (SID, Magiran and Noormags). Sampling was done after the identification-screening process and 31 of the articles between the years 2006-2022 were selected by census method and were evaluated based on selected criteria (dimensions of goals, questions and outcomes). Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been respected. Results: The findings showed that 92% of the articles are scientific-research, and 8% are Scientificextension,The period of publication of articles was irregularly distributed and the highest number of articles was between the years 2010 and 2013 (with a frequency of 22),37% of the researches were conducted by men, 13% by women and 54% of them were conducted jointly by men and women. Journals of non-medical universities had a greater share in publishing articles with 75. 68 while 24. 32 of articles were published in medical journals. Researches have been conducted with the aim of the place of ethics in various elements of the curriculum such as teaching, content and evaluation. Conclusion: Considering the emergence of new ethical issues in the field of contemporary education, deeper scientific studies in the field of moral education in the curriculum studies, with the participation of male and female researchers, should be given more attention.

Background and Aim: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was introduced for the first time in DSM-5. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. Few researches have been done on disruptive mood disorder. The purpose of the current research is the epidemiology of disruptive mood disorder in adolescents and the comparison of moral judgment of affected and non-afflicted individuals. Methods: The research method was descriptive and it was a survey and post-event type. Statistical population included 165 thousand and 555 students from among whom 384 ones were chosen using cluster random sampling based on Morgan formula to investigate epidemiology of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Also, for analyzing moral judgment difference between the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and normal students, 45 ones were selected using targeted sampling. For gathering data, emotional reactivity index of Stringaris & et al (2012), moral judgment questionnaire of Rest & et al (1973) and recognition interview based on DSM-5 were used. For analyzing data, descriptive indexes and independent t-test through SPSS 18 software were applied. Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity and satisfaction and awareness have been respected. Results: Descriptive results of the research showed that the prevalence of syndrome of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was 1. 3 percent. Moral judgment of the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was significantly different from that of the students with no disorder (P<0. 05, T=2. 06). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in East Azarbaijan province is in the middle range compared to other studies conducted abroad. However, attention should be paid to mental health policy-making in adolescents to decrease behavioral problems and prevent future issues.

Background and Aim: Protection of the environment according to the rights of peace is based on the potential application of environmental protection norms in peacetime and the extension of those norms to the time of international armed conflicts. Therefore, the following article seeks to evaluate and explore the role of peace rights in protecting the environment and its use in international armed conflicts. Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Results: Despite the fact that the principle of not resorting to force and embargoing war as an imperative rule is emphasized by the United Nations Charter and other international documents, however, in its permitted form, such as legitimate defense, humans and the environment are not immune from the consequences of war. These issues have caused the concern of the international community in such a way that the discussion of environmental protection in armed conflicts has been placed on the agenda of the International Law Commission. Conclusion: Among the treaties that are clearly applicable during international armed conflict, two categories of treaties including treaties containing mandatory rules and treaties protecting fundamental human rights, to some extent, include substantive environmental rights and requirements because the right to a healthy environment is a human right and the prohibition of causing massive pollution in the environment has led to the creation of mandatory rules.

Background and Aim: Since past time, societies have been encountered with such damages as diseases, poverty and death. Hence, it is for centuries that many states have attempted to reduce such damages via policymaking in order to realize citizens’,welfare rights. Social consequences of such initiatives are manifested in promoting citizens’,life quality level. Therefore, in the modern era, the social policies of the governments have been followed with different approaches from the past and have been influenced by the surrounding conditions of the societies. Methods: Research methodology in present paper is based on cause-and-effect analysis of data and data collection technique is based on library and documents studying in order to respond raised hypothesis in the paper. Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Results: Present paper findings suggest that today states have looked at human’, s welfare rights through a new approach and have attempted to cover damages from people’, s incapability such as unemployment, disability and senescence through wisdom of the crowd and utilizing social initiatives and policymaking in macro levels since such damages would yield to reduction in incomes and consequently, mitigation in welfare level and losing human dignity. Conclusion: The focal point of efforts can be seen in theories resulted from establishing welfare state that could improve citizens’,welfare and life qualities through supportive policies and extending human security indicators in food supply, healthcare services and training and have enhanced life expectancy via a human development approach. Despite of this, states impacted by globalization, have pursued a postwelfare approach on social policymaking based on a minimum attitude toward supporting citizens’,welfare rights.

Background and Aim: Psychological security is one of the important dimensions that must be paid special attention to along with the acquisition of knowledge,Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of moral intelligence and resilience in predicting the psychological security of accounting students. Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male and female undergraduate students in accounting of Bozormehr Qaenat University in the academic year 2022-23 and 225 people were selected from the statistical population by available sampling method,And they responded to the moral intelligence questionnaires of Lennick & Kiel (2007), Connor & Davidson resilience (2003) and the short form of Maslow psychological security (1952). In data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis method were used in addition to using SPSS 25 software. Ethical Considerations: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsinki and the informed consent of the individuals. Results: The results showed that the relationship between moral intelligence and resilience with psychological security was positive and significant (p<0. 01). Also, moral intelligence and resilience in total had the ability to predict 1. 45% of psychological security changes. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that moral intelligence and resilience are variables related to increasing the psychological security of students.

Background and Aim: Bioethics is one of the emerging topics of the last few decades in the field of biotechnology, which has been discussed in many ways. However the relationship between criminal law and bioethics has not been given much attention. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the necessity of criminal intervention in bioethics and to develop a guarantee of criminal execution to comply with the elements of bioethics and to discuss the solutions in this regard. Methods: The present study was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using the library method. Ethical Considerations: In all stages of writing the present study, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been respected. Results: The findings indicate that the possible consequences of biotechnologies in areas such as human cloning and misuse that may threaten the life and nature of mankind through this biotechnology have made criminal intervention in bioethics a necessity. In other words, it is necessary to observe human dignity, the principle of informed consent, the principle of non-destruction and the observance of a treatment-oriented approach as important principles of bioethics, through criminal intervention, and the development of criminal guarantees. Bio-ethical criminal law, as it originates from minimal government, is qualified as minimal intervention, because otherwise, based on human-centered thought, it will lose its legitimacy and public support. Conclusion: The standards of human rights are the most important standards that can be the basis for the formulation of criminal guarantee and criminal intervention in bioethics, because human rights seek to respect the rights of all human beings, and at the same time, bioethics seeks to respect human dignity, and to solve human biological dilemmas in the use of biological technology by appealing to informed consent and the principle of non-destruction. Indeed, there is a close semantic connection between human rights and bioethics.

Background and Aim: Investigating the effective factors in academic success has always been one of the concerns of educational and higher education system researchers, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of academic resilience and academic ethics in predicting the academic success of students. Methods: The current study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included students of Farhangian University of South Khorasan in the academic year of 2021-22. According to Krejcie and Morgan's table, 330 people were selected using available sampling method. The research data collection tools included Samuels' academic resilience questionnaires (2004), Golparvar academic ethics (2010) and Wells' academic success (2010). To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and simultaneous regression were used using SPSS 24 software. Ethical Considerations: After obtaining permission from the university and explaining the objectives to the participants, their consent was obtained and they were assured about the confidentiality of the information. Results: The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between academic resilience (r=0. 676) and academic ethics (r=0. 501) with academic success (P<0. 01) and the components of academic resilience and academic ethics explain 50. 1% of students' academic success. Conclusion: The research findings provide the basis for more and deeper educational researches in the field of ethical educational planning and strengthening resilient character.

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to present a structural model to explain grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men and women based on objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with mediating role of self-esteem. Methods: The present study was a correctional-discriptive based on a structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all men and women over 18 years of age in Ahvaz and 309 of them were randomly selected and tested by available sampling method through social networks. Instruments which were used to collect data were demographic questionnaire, Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBC), Luthans Psychological Capital Scale (LPCS) and Rosenburg Self-esteem Inventory (RSES). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 and Amos 24. Ethical Considerations: In the present study, ethical principles such as confidentiality of information were observed and there was no possible harm to the subjects. Results: Results revealed that there was a significant relationship between Objectified Body consciousness with Grandiose Narcissism and Volnerable Narcissism in women. The results of these variables in men were not significant. Objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with self-esteem was significant for both men and women. Furthermore, Psychological capitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism was significant in men,in women, Psychological capitals only were significant with vulnerable narcissism (p<0. 01). Among indirect path, Self-esteem could significantly play a mediating role for Objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men. In women, the only significant indirect path was between self-esteem with vulnerable narcissism. Conclusion: Gender significantly moderated the causal effect of self-esteem on vulnerable narcissism, so that selfesteem in men has a stronger causal effect on vulnerable narcissism. These results can be used by clinical psychotherapists and psychiatrists in therapy with clients who suffer from narcissist personality disorder and related disorders to body image. As regards self-objectification can be led to narcissism and lower levels of self-esteem in individuals, therefore it is recommended that Psychologists and health experts care more about variables which were mentioned.

Background and Aim: The place of ethics in the development and strengthening of human identity is a deep-rooted and widespread debate. Considering that moral virtues are considered as one of the fundamental tools of identity formation, there is no doubt that rethinking moral virtues such as benevolence in Quranic teachings and advanced moral sources, will result in important effects such as feeling responsible for social issues, optimally playing assigned roles in social structures, and trying to improve relations with society members. Methods: The current research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and using original library sources such as Aristotle's Politics, Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle's Commandments to Shimas (Tafaheh), Aristotle's Treatise on the Soul, as well as precious sources of Qur'an interpretation, has tried to explain clearly the moral and Quranic point of view about the concept and examples of benevolence. Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected. Results: The findings indicate that benevolence from the point of view of Aristotelian ethics is manifested in the form of calling for individual and social benevolence, and this virtue appeared in Quranic teachings, on the one hand, along with narratives of the stories of the societies of the age of the prophets and on the other hand, specific recommendations were also expressed about the necessity of benevolence towards oneself in the form of returning from bad deeds and also paying attention to collective interests. Conclusion: The meaning of benevolence in Aristotelian ethics has appeared in types of individual and social benevolence,The invitation of the soul to know the self in the direction of benevolence and also the necessity of benevolence in various individual practices is considered an important indicator of Aristotle's view of examples of benevolence. Examples of benevolence in Qur'anic teachings have a type of comprehensiveness that tries to prioritize social good and benefits over personal expediency, and this comprehensive view has tremendous effects in improving social relations. This type of benevolence has appeared in the teachings of the prophets to the people in the Holy Quran.