STUDIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNAL (POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNAL)
Year:2015 | Volume:9 | Issue:29|Papers Count:6

Common European identity can be defined as a set of secular-based cultures and values shared by all the citizens of the European Union. Theoretically, there is a European identity alongside other national or cultural identities, and in fact, people have the identity of hierarchical and multi-layered identity in terms of national or cultural significance. Strengthening a common European identity in which the Europe Union's people consider secularism-based culture as the base of their political, social, cultural and economic values and norms, is vital for the long-term integrity of EU. EU member states, despite religious and cultural similarities and commonalities, have subcultures which have led to their own identity. As a result, they have a different strategic culture and strategic priorities. This different strategic culture is among the key factors that made these countries, especially in times of crisis, not reach a coherent security and defence policy. For analysing the various aspects of culture in Europe and the place and its impact on a common European identity, on basis of the theory of constructivism and strategic culture approach, we can say the secularism-based culture can be considered as a core layer of common European identity and has played a fundamental role in EU integration and also considered the main criteria for the admission of new members to EU.

In recent decades, the Islamic Republic of Iran's strong presence in Central Asia has dramatically increased so that the country's politicians on Iran as a country that plays a greater role in global geopolitical trends speak. The regional power steadily with anti-American and anti-Atlantic stance that often is also consistent with the positions of Russia and its geopolitical influence increases. Central Asia as a region is important for Iran which there is five states in the former Soviet territory namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan with a Muslim majority population and the convergent and coordinated with the Islamic world. In addition to the historical and civilizational bonds of these countries are forms of Islamic Solidarity and the religion of Islam in their relations plays a significant role. This article attempts to influence the cultural factor in relations between Iran and the countries under review.

European Union is one of most important international actors that wants in addition to expanding its economic influence, emerge as a major international power and in this regard, especially after the Maastricht Treaty has taken important step towards increasing its international political weight. After the formation of the European Union, issue of its formation as a whole was discussed in political and academic circles and different views were introduced. Normative power approach which was introduced by Manners, created new literature in international scene and at the same time prompted supporters and opponents.On the other hand, Western Balkan region, which mainly consists of former Yugoslavia countries, has particular importance for European Union. Geographical proximity, historical and cultural commonalities and the shared border areas have created grounds for development of relations between the two sides. Therefore, in this article, the question is what is the impact of European Union’s normative power on countries of Western Balkan? What Instruments European Union has used and what challenges facing it? In addition to theoretical dimension of research and measures and applied policies, this paper believes that the relative stability of this unstable region and its alignment with the West is due to European Union’s normative power.

The US foreign policy is in fact formulated through constant discussions between the elite in the country’s think tanks. Iran’s nuclear energy program, as one of the most important issues related to international security, has been studied by various US think tanks. The study of various research projects, annual reports, official reports and interviews by analysts working for these think tanks suggests there are four approaches at these US think tanks to Iran’s nuclear energy program which include adopting a diplomatic attitude toward Iran, mounting pressure on Iran from inside the country, imposing long time sanctions as an effective tool to roll back the country’s nuclear drive and taking limited military action against Iran in order to destroy its nuclear facilities.In order to confront threats posed by these think tanks, one should understand strategies they offer to the US administration. This can help diverse strategies to counter them gaining a better and deeper understanding of the role and position of these think tanks. In the process of decision making in the US foreign policy on Iran’s nuclear energy program, the present paper is an attempt to help the Iranian elite in confronting Washington’s threats against Tehran.

European countries majorly have been interested in the establishment the relations and using the economical capacities of Iran since the beginning of the revolution till now. Although during the past 36 years the mutual relations have passed various ups and downs including inimical and friendly. With the start of Iran's nuclear case, European countries tried to keep themselves in the center of the relations between Iran and IAEA. Finally accompany of Europe and the US sent Iran's nuclear case to the Security Council. But the eleventh presidential election period in Iran caused the new stage of relations between Iran and the European Union. To design of the discussions such as moderation, detent, confidence building and constructive interactions with the international system from the Iran's government have been acclaimed by the European countries. The European Union in the framework of 5+1 group again started the negotiations for the peaceful settlement of the Iran's nuclear case. Finally the negotiations were led to the temporary Geneva agreement in November 2014. The negotiations are continuing to reach a comprehensive agreement after twice extend. Thus it can be said that Iran has privilege from especial situation in European countries foreign policy. Therefore in this article we intend to present an analytical framework to study the relations between Iran and EU after coming to power of the eleventh government. The main question of this article is that how can the relations between Iran and EU after coming to power of the eleventh government be explained from the analytical-theoretical aspect?

Structure for understanding the behaviour of terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, which combines the analytical approach and methodology in the field of spiritual and material factors are also areas provides an opportunity to delve deeper study of violent behaviour down the group. Hence, the identity structures - mentality, these groups were assessed and the physical structures noted. Post-ideological world, the security of the international system and its arrangements and the formation of groups in modern structures will discuss and evaluate. In this regard, structure based on domination and illegitimate governments in shaping the Islamic Extremist and sectarian groups involved were plentiful. This paper attempts to study al-Qaeda and similar groups from a new perspective and a new approach.