STUDIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNAL (POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JOURNAL)
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:46 |Papers Count:6

Today, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an influential variable in internal or international conflicts. Climate changes not only destroy human natural habitats but also disrupt social arrangements and increase the likelihood of violent conflicts and endanger peace and international security and affect the environmental justice. The aim of this study is to identify threats and environmental factors resulting from climate changes and analyze their effects on peace and security in the international system. The findings of this study suggest that future climate changes have un undeniable impact on national integration of societies and on the peace and stable security in the international system and will cause the new types of disputes.

Although the patterns of emergence and decline of the powers are recurred for centuries, surprisingly there are no clear evidences to answer the question of what are the causes for rise and fall of powers. The efforts made to date to order the patterns of rise and fall of world powers have created a close link between the periodic patterns of emergence (and decline) of world orders with the cycles of rise (and fall) of global hegemons, which both are severely influenced by the waves of global wars. Utilizing the literature on this field and introducing new concepts such as introversion (seeking for internal power resources) and extroversion (introversion + seeking for external power resources beyond the borders), this essay is to test this hypothesis that “ achieving the status of global hegemony by a super power requires the adoption of an introvertist approach until deployed hegemony enters into a decline period and subsequently transition into an extrovertist approach. On the other hand, taking on an introvertist approach by the deployed hegemon will abridge the hegemonic cycle and leads to the decline of the hegemon” . This research is exploratory in nature. To analyze the collected data, this study uses the causal or post-event method. Findings of the study confirm the above hypothesis and draw the conclusion that although there is no desertion of the recurrence of the hegemonic cycle and the global order, the length of a hegemonic cycle is subject to the pursuit of an extrovertist approach by the hegemon.

Since the Second World War up to now and in contemporary political history, Iraq was one of the most challenging countries in south west Asia (Middle East). Unmistakable, determinant and important role of Iraq in political conditions in geopolitics of the region is one of the main reasons of these challenges. Like the past, Iraq has the key and determinant role in the current developments of the region. This role will lead to interest and actions conflict among different regional and international powers in this supersensitive region. The main objective of this research is the future of Iraq with respect to political and security conditions of this country. In the context of secondary objectives we can refer to influence of internal, regional and international actors in Iraq’ s current developments, predicting territorial future of Iraq and feasibility study of Iraq’ s disintegration. Researcher based on the future studies, with respect to the type of current trends and also through the game theory, surveyed the subject. Within analyzing the subject, the role of different actors and alter ant factors in geopolitical scene of Iraq and its impacts on the future and territorial integrity of Iraq is surveyed. Finally after planning probable scenarios about disintegration or non-disintegration of Iraq through the next decade, the future of this country is anticipated as follows: 1-Iraq disintegration scenario 2-Iraq civil war scenario3-democratic and square distribution of power scenario. At last, the position of actors in respect to mentioned scenarios, before and after ISIS outbreak in Iraq as well as determinant factors of actors’ role in Geopolitical scene of Iraq are surveyed. And finally the result of this research is that: disintegration of Iraq through the next decade is not possible.

Many people and companies make their own financial decisions on the bases of the changing and evolving political developments. In this paper we try to examine two major events, presidential election in the USA and American exit from JCPOA with their effects on the Iranian economy. For this we shalll use two methods, Multiple GARCH (DCC Model) and Analysis Variance methods. By using DCC model in this work, we show that the volatility spillover of the exchange price (US Dollar in the Free Market) has a direct impact on the overall Tehran Stock Exchange index. And by using of Varyance Analytical method we have shown the severity of this volatility spillover which was measured before and after the US election. As a result of this study one may say that due to Iran's dependency on oil export, any major political development in Iran has great impact on the Iran's economy index. Therefore, in making financial and investment decisions in Iran, all the companies consider the political conditions of the country and also the prediction of any changes in the effects of political developments.

One of the most important terms of political science is the concept of state. Governments in the international system are in contact with each other and all face difficulties. Since politics is always in the midst of political and realities, it has tried to provide solutions to these problems in international relations. These solutions are regulated in the form of patterns for the government's mechanism in dealing with the problems. Our main question in this research is that "what mechanisms do the neo-pluralism government present in dealing with the post-cosmopolitan international system? " Using Springer's research approach, this research attempts to identify major issues of international relations in the present era and to provide solutions at the level of government analysis. According to Sprig's research approach, the crisis has always been the point where the solution to the crisis is to be presented. As always, theories of the "government" have been developed in this manner.

Although nowadays, nuclear energy has significant role in energy secure at international level, the risk of nuclear accidents due to inefficient nuclear safety and its negative environmental impact is one of the major challenges facing the development of nuclear energy. The main issue is this weather international nuclear law is compatible with international environment law in the context of safety regime? and what mechanisms observe on respect of fundamental environment norms in nuclear activities? Assessing Provisions of international documents on nuclear energy implies attention of nuclear safety regime to the principles of international environmental law. However, in spite of promotion of nuclear safety regime, occurrence of nuclear accident in Fukushima power plant in 2011 in Japan showed that by now international environmental law and international nuclear energy law are not factually compatible in approaching to sustainable development. Actualizing of environmental principals included in international nuclear law and technology transferring from developed countries to developing counties based on article 4 of NPT could be positive step in declining of negative environmental effects of probable nuclear accidents.