FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2014 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

Early maladaptive schemas are developed through childhood experiences, especially those of parents-children. Thoughts, behaviors, and interpersonal relathionships are influenced by these schemas throughout the life. Couple's relationship are determined by parenting styles as well as early maladaptive schemas. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between parenting styles and marital problems. A total of 378 volunteers (182 men, 196 women) from Tehran general population participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS).Authoritative parenting style showed a significant negative association with marital problems while authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting styles showed significant positive associations with marital problems. Early maladaptive schemas also showed a significant positive association with marital problems. Analysis of the data revealed that early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between parenting styles and marital problems.Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that some kind of the parenting styles might develop early maladaptive schemas. These parenting styles then provide couples and families with problems through the early maladaptive schemas later on.

Tendency to addictive substance is one of the challenges of the current community, in particular among young generation. Personal, family and social risk and inhibitor factors are effective in tendency towards addictive substance and alcohol. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitor role of religious beliefs and family belonging in tendency towards smoking, drugs and alcohol. According to this general aim, 600 students were selected from Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch using cluster sampling. It was requested from the participants to complete Substance Usage State Questionnaire (UCSQ), family belonging subscale of Risk and Protective Factors Inventory (RPFI), and Religious Believes Scale (RBS). Results revealed that there were negative correlation between family belonging, religious beliefs and tendency to drugs and alcohol. Religious beliefs and family belonging could explain tendency to smoking, drugs, and alcohol. Due to the importance of the role of religious beliefs and family belonging in tendency to drugs and alcohol, results of this study could be beneficial in planning and implementing appropriate policies towards providing training programs for families and young adults.

Discovering criteria and characteristics of a healthy family is quite essential from both conceptual aspect and therapeutic basis. This study was targeted at developing a model of healthy family in Iranian society. A mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) of research was applied to the study. In the qualitative stage, the researchers interviewed selected couples and family specialists and then based on their opinions, criteria and characteristics of healthy family were identified. Subsequently, the relevant investigations carried out concerning healthy family were scrutinized out, of which topics on healthy family extracted. In the second stage, the model was investigated for its fitness with fieldwork studies. In analyzing transcripts of interviews with couples, 83 and 19 categories were obtained respectively from open coding and axial coding based on topic similarity. Likewise, through analysis of transcripts of interviews with family specialists, 106 and 21 categories established while using open and axial coding respectively. Finally, qualitative analysis of previous researches on healthy family resulted in 114 categories which were then distributed into 20 categories in the light of axial coding in accordance with topic similarity. As a result, a model of healthy family was constructed including fourteen dimensions by means of triangulation in compliant with the categories extracted from interviews with family specialists, couples, and the available previous research results. The findings also revealed that the qualitative model suggested for healthy family fitted fieldwork data and supposed factorial structure was also confirmed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of attachment styles (anxiety and avoidance), relational attributions (causal and responsibility attributions) with violence against women. From among all the female violence victims referring to the social security center of Shiraz 130 women were selected through convenient sampling method. They completed the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire (ECR-R), the Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM) and Violence Toward Women Inventory (VTWI). The data were analyzed using simple correlation and multiple regression. The results revealed a significantly positive correlation between anxiety and avoidance attachments, causal and responsibility Attributions and the violence exercised against women. The results of multiple regression also showed that anxiety and avoidance attachments, causal and responsibility attributions explained 64 percent of the total variance in the violence exercised against women. According to the results, it can be said that a pervasive fear of being rejected and an excessive dependence on a partner in anxious people, getting evasive about intimacy and avoiding husband in avoidant people, an excessive concentration on the negative behavior of the partner by the women with causal attributions, and seeking for blaming partner by the women with responsibility attributions can bring about violence against women. The results of the current study can help the therapists to diagnose the effective factors in violence against women. The results also showed that violence against women is not merely confined to men’s role, but women and their relational characteristics play an influential role in this disorder.

Abstract: The birth of any child with special needs will expose families and parents to new problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy in increasing happiness among mothers of children with special needs. The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest on a 45-day follow-up with control group design. For this purpose, 20 mothers of children with special needs living in Mashhad were selected. Ten mothers were then randomly assigned to each of experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the intervention during 10 weekly 90-minute sessions; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. For gathering the data, the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used. The results revealed that positive group psychotherapy has been effective in increasing the happiness of the mothers. Utilizing this method could be effective in enhancing the mental health of the mothers of children with special needs.

Family is the most important social environment that affects the people’s growth. People are affected by their homes’ environment, not only physically and biologically, but also by their personality and early experiences. The aim of this study was to test a model consisting of causal relationship between parenting styles and academic performance, by mediating role of academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation.236 Shahid Chamran University students (117 males and 119 female) completed Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), Achievement Motivation Test (AMT) and Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES). The findings indicated that the authoritative parenting style had a positive direct effect and the authoritarian parenting style had a negative direct effect on achievement motivation and academic self-efficacy. The permissive parenting style had a negative direct effect on academic self-efficacy but had no effect on achievement motivation. Also, academic self-efficacy had a positive direct effect on academic performance, but there was no meaningful relationship between achievement motivation and academic performance. The results showed that the proposed model does not fit the data well. Therefore, a better fit was obtained by omitting the non-significant path from permissive parenting style to achievement motivation. In addition, the indirect total effects of authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parenting styles with academic performance, mediated by the role of academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation was significant.