Journal of Applied Psychological Research
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:12

The purpose of this study and criticizing the viewpoints Schleiermacher about the nature of knowledge and its psychological and educational aspects. The research is used analytical method. Result of this research indicated that Schleiermacher believed that explanation of knowledge is more than anything, dependent to language and expressions understanding is due to re-experienced mental use of authors text and interpretation means rebuild personal thought From interpretation point of view. Schleiermacher hermeneutics is overseeing two different ways to interpret. He called this two-way grammatical or manner method and psychological or technical method. He believes that in the same way that every word has a reciprocal relationship; similarly, in understanding the word is two dimensions. Schleiermacher in psychological interpretation focuses on the reconstruction of the text by reconstructing author thoughts. With his emphasis on understanding the educational process, allowing trainee in understanding and the trainer will be able to understand the perspective of the audience. Thus the trainer and trainee to reach a common language. He knows full restoration of historical context possible while the critics we can never fully reconstruct past events and interpretation is mediator between the events of its past. In total for the trainer and trainee understanding and mutual understanding in the education system are in need of explanation and understanding. Accordingly, by applying the principles of hermeneutics especially relying on the psychological dimension can be to overcome education problems.

Aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group Therapy on the obsessive rumination and anxiety in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). The sample consisted of 30 (15 group control and 15 group experimental) of political sclerosis patients who were recruited for sampling and available to him. Research projects pretest- posttest control group and the management tools that include obsessive rumination questionnaire Nolen, Hocsma and Morrow (1991) and beck Anxiety inventory (BAI) responded. The date from the analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used. The results of data analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral group Therapy significantly reduced obsessive rumination and anxiety in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) experimental group compared with the control group were stable and made of after than a month.

The aim of this study is to explore the impact of choice theory and reality therapy interventions on couples’ marital satisfaction. This study applied the single - subject method with AB design. The participants of the study were two couples who were selected as a purposeful sample to participate at the intervention program of 8 sessions of training of choice theory and reality therapy. In order to assess marital satisfaction, “Enrich Couple Scale” (Olson, 1989) was used in this study. The data was analyzed with effect size and visual analysis. The result shows the significant impact of choice theory training and reality therapy on marital satisfaction and its domains during sessions and follow-up sessions. Finding indicates that the change was increasingly developed in both men and women, but the process effect is observed in satisfaction more for men compared to their spouses.

Valid objective measure that can be easily carrying for assessment of competitive anxiety is not available in Iran. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R (CSAI-2R) is introduced as a quick and easy diagnostic tool for competitive anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of CSAI-2R in the part of Iranian society. The study population included all volleyball, handball and basketball athlete of Tabriz city in 2012. From this population, 184 students (69 volleyball players, 61 basketball players, and 54 handball players) were randomly selected. The reliability results showed that the reliability of three aspects of CSAI-2R with Cronbach's alpha method were 0.79 to 0.84. Convergent and construct validities were confirmed validity of the CSAI-2R. The results of factorial analysis as main form the CSAI-2R, were revealed the three separate but correlated factors for Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Based on these results, we can say that the CSAI-2R is reliable and valid instrument for measuring competitive anxiety in Iranian culture. Considering the short revised form of CSAI-2R and lack of long-scale problems in that scale, its use is recommended for future research.

According to interactions in multiple grade classes, the present study aims to compare different class compositions in three different groups of fourth-grade multiple grade students in implicit learning and academic achievement. Statistical population consists of all fourth grade public elementary school students in Piranshahr. 3 groups of students including 8 girls and 8 boys were randomly selected. This research used a Causal Comparative method. Four researcher made questionnaires in mathematics and science courses for fourth and fifth grades were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; analysis of variance and Sheffe's test. Findings showed that there weren’t significant differences in academic achievements between multi grade students. Other findings showed that there was significant difference in implicit learning among three groups and this difference was beneficent for fourth and fifth grade students. Also there wasn’t a significant difference in academic achievement due to implicit learning between boys and girls.

The main purpose of present study was to comparison of self-talking-based cognitive therapy considering the Iranian-Islamic models with common self-talking-based cognitive therapy on marital conflicts of married women. This study was a semi-experimental research with post and pretest with control group.42 women who referred to a counseling center in Meybod city were selected by available sampling and then randomly assigned in 2 experiment and 1 control groups (2 participant cannot finished the study). The first experimental group received self-talking-based cognitive therapy considering the Iranian-Islamic models, and second experimental group received common self-talking-based cognitive therapy (both of them have 7 sessions). The control group didn’t' t receive any intervention. Before and after the experiment, all groups answer to marital conflict questionnaire. Finally, data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results show that both of interventions in experimental groups significantly decrease marital conflicts of participants, but intervention based on Iranian-Islamic models than intervention based on self-talking-based cognitive therapy have greater effect on improving of the marital conflicts (p<.01). Therefore, we can conclude that in self-talking-based cognitive therapy, common models should be replaced by teachings witch roots in Islamic and Iranian Models.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important components of healthy function in the family. The current study was aimed to review the relationship between marital satisfaction & thinking style among married women teachers in Tehran. For this purpose, a sample of 200 married female teachers of secondary schools in Tehran were selected. It was a multi stage random sampling method. Research tools were Afrooz marital satisfaction scale (110 questions) and Thinking Styles of Strenberg Wagner scale (104 items). Statistical data were gathered from 169 questionnaires. The results of this study through correlation analysis showed that there is direct and meaningful relationship in confidence level of 99 percent p= (0.01) between general marital satisfaction and some components of thinking style such as: legislator, judicial, hierarchical, global, liberal thinking styles, and also with executive, individual-based, extrovert thinking style in confidence level of 95 percent (p=0.05). Also there was not meaningful relationship between general marital satisfaction with local & internal thinking styles. Also there was direct and meaningful relationship between most components marital satisfaction and thinking style in confidence level of 99 & 95 percent and there was no relation between the rests.

The purpose of this research is determination of the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on internalizing problems in children. For this purpose, 30 students who had behavioral problems were identified by interviewing with Parent and were evaluated by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Among them, 10 students gain score above of cutoff point. Finally, 5 students accidentally were been in experimental group and 5 students in control group. The experimental group received 16 sessions of child-centered play therapy and the control group received no intervention. The results of covariance analysis showed that child-centered play therapy reduces internalizing problems in children.

The present research was done to examine the efficacy of psychosocial skills training on psychological and job stress management of bus drivers. Accessible sampling method was utilized and the sample consisted of 157 bus drivers in the city of Tehran. The research method is quasi- experimental with pretest-posttest. Job Stress Inventory and Stress Response Inventory were administered before and after the training. Experimental group was trained in nine sessions of 1 1.2 hours duration per week. Psychosocial skills training emphasized on cognitive behavior therapy. Gathered data were analyzed by Multivariate analysis of variance method. Result suggested that psychosocial skills training lead to decrease occupational and psychological stress of bus drivers.

Nowadays the information and communication technologies has caused many transformations in every aspects of human life. The outbreak and development velocity of this evolution in the education systems has been outstanding; therefore the necessity of recognizing its shortcomings and improving them has risen to a much higher level. For this purpose, using an interpretative approach, an analysis and a representation of perceptions and lived experience of professors and teachers in Virtual education of University of Tehran, Efforts have been made to reassess the quality of virtual education system. Thus, by using a hemi-structured interview technique and the acquired narrative data from the interview with 11 professors and teachers and their analyses, an effort was made not only to understand the case study phenomenon from their point of views but to produce considerable results and increase the reliability of the findings. Consecutive and continuous caparison derived from the interview with professors and teachers resulted in extraction and representation of the seven main themes including ((interaction, feedback, flexibility, content, accessibility, evaluation, creativity)). Using the narratives of the participants, in this essay each of these seven main themes is analyzed and represented.