Strategic Studies of Culture
Year:2022 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

Development planning in any country has been done with the aim of disciplining and directing the development process. Its main purpose is to accelerate the development movement in all dimention in the country. After the Islamic Revolution, in addition to the demand for development, another request was also raised at the same time and perhaps more powerfully: promotion and reform of the cultural system of the country in the religious values framework. Attention to the cultural factor and the use of the country's cultural power and capacity in the development process has been a constant part of development programs. This article aims to answer the questions: How has this dual and two dimensional demand been realized in the cultural planning system? Is it possible to advance these two policies simultaneously in the form of a program? How are the possible conflicts of these two demands resolved? Can such a cultural planning be used in development program? , A Combination of documentary-library method and qualitative content analysis method has been used to answer these questions. Also, an attempt has been made to use the tacit and empirical knowledge of development planning and the experience of cultural planning in development programs in Iranian society after the Islamic Revolution. It has been selected as the basis for answering questions. Findings show that multidimensional cultural planning in development programs include: cultural examples, programmatic approach, cultural realm, cultural goals, and program tools. Results also show that in cultural development planning model, cultural examples governing development programs, simultaneous cultural developmentalism and excellence, Policy-making model of problem-oriented model centered on the government instead of orientation model with government supervision, is a normative perception of culture that based on five goals: reform of education system, reform of public culture, reform of consumption pattern, population control and social and economic participation of women.

The films of the 40th Fajr Film Festival have been considered as the subject of this article, which has been evaluated by direct observation of all films participated in the festival (February 1-11, 1400) and has been expressed by descriptive analysis. The three aspects of reviewing films are the atmosphere and the point of connection of the film, the suspension and problem of the film, the result and the induction of the film. This article has specifically addressed the aspect of problem and suspension. Considering that the image and the film inspire the image of the future of the society on the psyche of the audience, examining its issues, orientation and social etiquette will clarify the future of the society. From this perspective, understanding the issues of the films present in the festival will lead to a better understanding of the issues of tomorrow's society. Evaluating the films of the festival, it is concluded that most of the issues of the films are in a general category or have a separate imaginary aspect of society that does not correspond to the issues of the people of the society. It provides an incorrect address of the ideals and problems of society and invites the audience to form and lead them to the raised issues, or expresses the correct problem-oriented statements. But has not established proper space creating and induction for communication and desire of the audience.

Every policy-making system seeks to achieve goals at the macro and relevant levels. These goals are the result of the material and spiritual demands and values of society or policy-makers. One of the main tasks of political research is to identify and explain these demands and values in any field, even cinema. Because, in this way, the intellectual origins in the policies about the cinema sector can be understood. Understanding of this in Iranian cinema is the aim of the present article. By using the concept and approach of "reference" in policy-making, this article seeks to answer the question "What are the references related to cinema policies in Iranian cinema? " For answering this question properly, institutional approach and "secondary research" method of the exploratory research should be used to identify and analyze and the assumptions of the reference in the paradigm of modern government. Therefore the reference can be identified in policies of Iranian cinema. Comparing the dimensions of policy-making in them, we find out that the policy-making reference in the Iranian cinema is significantly influenced by the general reference of macro public policy-making in the country. This has many ambiguities due to lack of political stability and life of cinema in this situation, is highly on the government and is influenced by policies that strengthen government care, rather than relying on the relationship with the audience.

The eight years of the imposed war, known as the "Holy Defense", is one of the turning points in the contemporary history of Iran. In this war, Iran's territorial integrity was preserved and it became a source of national cohesion and identity. The main question of the article is what discourse Persian-language satellite channels create about "the construction of reality" and "controlling the minds of the audience" about the imposed war between Iran and Iraq. To answer this question, 10 documentaries studied using discourse analysis method with the aim of "recognizing distorted discourse and its components". The findings show that "highlighting failures", "secrecy", "incompetence of war officials", "abuse of people's feelings", "desecration of war", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's tactics and services" for stabilizing borders tension management with Iraq and the other countries in the region and strengthening the military foundation, "good West", "addressing war damages" and "Diplomacy versus Militarism" are the main themes of the documentary discourse of Persian-language foreign channels about the imposed war, which are detailed around the central sign of the "inefficiency of the Islamic Republic".

Strengthening religious, social, and national rituals and occasions and transferring them from one generation to another is a mission placed on the shoulders of the authorities of the society's official and unofficial organizations and institutions (family). Considering the wide dimensions of societies and diversity of occupations, expertise and as a result diversity of attitudes, the proper organization and implementation of rituals and ceremonies which are part of the most important cultural tools, are affected by various approaches which sometimes distort the functions and cultural effects. Therefore organizations and institutions in charge such as municipalities, radio and television, press, police officials, the ministry of culture and Islamic guidance, and the ministry of education, as well as the ministry of cultural heritage, handicrafts, and tourism are responsible for providing information and attracting voluntary participation with relative intervention in this field. In the present study, an effort has been made to provide practical research for the proper implementation of rituals and ceremonies. For this purpose, in the present study, while reviewing the related literature, a theoretical framework was designed, then hypotheses were presented and tested experimentally. The statistical population of this research included young people aged 15 to 29 living in 22 districts of Tehran. The sample size was equal to 400 of these people selected based on sampling methods. The final results of multivariable regression for the joint effect of independent variables on improving the implementation of rituals have shown that the total of independent variables used in this research could only explain about 19 percent of the changes in the dependent variable and the rest of the changes will be caused by other variables that have not been investigated in this research. Also, these results have highlighted the importance of socialization in improving the implementation of rituals more prominently than other variables.

In this article, which was done using library method, first a reference is made to quiddity of the idea of Belt-way. A hint that makes it necessary to know modern China as its creator. As a result, the history of modern China is considered in two stages: communism and rapid economic development. This could create the context for the "middle class trap" and "democracy desire" challenges in economics and politics. China's rapid economic development, in addition to its internal consequences, has special external consequences, one of the manifestations of which is the economic-political divide between the East and the West of the international system. The different experiences of the Chinese in development can lead to the evolution of development theories,because the comparison of the harmonization ratio between democracy and economic development in the mental prescription of Americans with the objective experience of the Chinese is in contrast. The margins of China's global development vision and its superpower plan can be added to this that sometimes produced and promoted by Americans. Ironically, the concepts of way, globalization and superpower are important capacities to advance this debate. From this perspective, today we are faced with two different views about the Silk Way: the New Chinese Silk Way, New American Silk Way. Finally, we have tried to examine the issue of Iran and the Silk Way from different directions.