Geographical Planning of Space
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:31 |Papers Count:14

The variety of landscape and natural phenomena in coastal areas of the world caused increasing attention of tourists in using of these areas. Qua nowadays sea shores and ocean coastal have become the one of the most influential factors of the national and local economic all over the world. In this study in order to identify climatic potential of the south and the north shores of Iran to develop coastal tourism’ s various activities the meteorological data of 16 synoptic stations in south and north coasts of Iran for a period of 25 years from 1986 to 2010 were used. Beach Climate Index (BCI) was applied to assess beach relaxation potential and, key & vamplew model was used to evaluate sport tourism in the fields of swimming, football & Athletics Track. Analysis was performed based on the Climate tourism information scheme model ᾿ s outputs (CTIS). The results of the BCI index showed that on the northern coast of Iran, during June, July and August and on the southern coast of Iran during the whole of the year have suitable climatic conditions for beach relaxation. In general eastern parts of North and South shores of the country have better conditions than in the western parts. According to calculations of key & vamplew model autumn has favorable conditions in all the coasts of the country for football & Athletics Track. Except that the best time for such activities in the northern beaches is October &, in the southern coasts is December. Also the results indicate that in addition of the mentioned times there are favorable climatic conditions in the spring (on the northern coast) and winter (southern coast) for those exercises above. The perfect time to swimming and bathing on the northern coast provided during the summer months & the May and June months of spring as well October of autumn that the water temperature must necessarily be between 16 and 26 Celsius degrees. In the southern shores this situation is provided only in the months of fall & winter.

The Necessity of preparing the appropriate solution to meet the challenge of sprawl on the one hand and attitude alteration in manner of intervention in old and deficient inner textures on the other hand, bring about evolution of visionary framework of this manner of urban the intervention with target of the better use of underdeveloped urban land and more preservation of precious suburban land. New urbanism, sustainability, growth management, smart growth and infill development, all are the thoughts and approaches of one visionary philosophy which have presented in a developmental process in contrasting with sprawl. Uncontrolled growth of the metropolitan areas of the country, including Tehran, reveals the necessity of thinking to the appropriate solution. Concerning this, the main goal of this research is Feasibility of using infill development potential for urban redevelopment In contrast to sprawl of Iran metropolitan areas. For this purpose, Tajrish neighborhood as one of the main centers of Tehran was chosen to assess the redevelopment situation from the aspect of infill development. Concerning this, by choosing descriptive-analytical research method, at first, the infill criteria are detected and by using development capacity analysis technique as the base of analytical research model, the area capacity in the way of redevelopment is identified and analyzed. And indexes was evaluated and overlaid by Delphi technique and GIS respectively. The main achievement of the study is use of local and practical infill indicators in finding redevelopment priorities for urban centers and designing a plan considering the finding for the case study.

Rural tourism is one of the concepts and forms of sustainable rural development, In which the available resources are used in rural areas; but geogrophical inslation and deprivation has been caused that great potentials of these regions-including noticable part of land areas in many countries-remain stagnant and don’ t help tostrengthen the social and economic foundations of local communities. The aim of this research is identifying and prioritization of infrastructures of tourism in villages with tourism potentials of East Azarbaijan Province, survaying the role of investment in developing of Rural areas andranking of these villages from viewpoint of infrastructures investment priorities. There for this research is fundamental with the approach of “ descriptive-analysis” . The population in this study villages in East Azerbaijan province's tourism attractions of which 48 villages were randomly selected. The results of the research findings loaded 71 variablesusing “ factor analysis” in the mold of 8 factors. The results of the implementation VIKOR in terms of ranking the variables in terms of investment necessary to show that the greatest need for investment in facilities and service variables. Also the research showed that investment in infrastructures has led to increasing tourists in rural area. The results of VIKOR model in ranking the villages from view point of investment priorities showed that in spite of lack of facilities and tourism infrastructures in southern villages of the province campared with northern ones, more tourisms enter to southern villages than northerns. So to take advantage of the benefits of tourism development in these areas, planners should pay special attention to investment in infrastructure needed to fit the needs of tourists and local people as well.

Recognizing and explore the possibility and bottlenecks, an essential first step in the planning process is the rural areas development. In this respect, determining optimal points for the establishment of service centers and measure the degree of rural areas development is of special importance; which often done using quantitative methods. This study conducted using AHP method to select the best points for the establishment of service centers in the Gheizanieh rural district of Ahvaz township; then methods multiple attribute decision making of compensation as well as integrated collection were used to determine the degree of rural development mentioned rural district. This research in terms of nature and method of descriptive and analytical, in terms of purpose is practical researches. Data collection was conducted in two ways: completing the questionnaires of 30 expert rural affairs and general population and housing census data in the year 1390. Data analysis was conducted on the ArcGIS10. 3 and software Expert Choice, Excel and Visual Promethee. The results show which between parameters selected study, population density criterion of 0. 261 percent, most points allocated as well as access to infrastructure measures, access to health and care services and access to means of communication and transportation are important in later stages. Map overlap criteria, indicates that two villages, nearly four percent of the study area in a very suitable position, two percent in the suitable position, about 32 percent of the moderately suitable, about 52 percent in the range unfavorable and about 10 percent of the study area located also quite unsuitable position to establish of optimal rural service centers. Thus, the two villages Nezheh and Gheizanieh Bozorg as the most developed rural district, has the greatest potential for creating service centers at the district level were detected.

Identifying the relationships between atmospheric components and the amount of rainfall can be one of the appropriate methods to predict rainfall periods. This study aimed to identify risk factors of dry and wet periods in the coasts of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, synoptic pattern was studied to spatial analysis of the relationships between atmospheric components in dry and wet periods in northern coasts of Iran. Monthly precipitation data was processed from 1361 to 1385 in a 25-year period (1981-2005) by examining seven stations in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea from East to West. By studying the temporal distribution of rainfall, 5 dry months and 5 wet months were chosen. APHRODITE rainfall data by 0. 25×0. 25 degree segregate and reanalyzed atmosphere data of National Center Environmental Prospect NCEP/NCAR by 2. 5×2. 5 degree horizontal segregate were used in order to analyze the atmosphere structure and recognize its dominant mechanism. In this study, in order to spatial analysis of the relationships between atmospheric components in dry and wet periods periods in northern coasts of Iran, several variables are used to better understanding this issue. The examined components in this study include the pressure of sea level, geopotential height, specific damp, orientation and meridional wind component, omega and rainfall that their maps of correlation and rainfall were prepared. The study of area synoptic situation shows a significant correlation between rainfall and deployment stack on the Black Sea. In addition, the existence of special damp and air ascendant and northern winds can be considered as a chain that these variables together lead to the onset of the wet area. The creation of high pressure on the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf and strengthen South winds can be promising for dry periods in northern coasts of Iran.

City is a residential space, man-made and expanding. the system that development process, and structural deformation seen it manages. Conformity and harmony with each other for the stability of the system is inevitable. Kermanshah city as the ninth Iran metropolitan region in recent decades has been severe physical expansion and population. this study examines the quality and quantity of this situation and provides optimal conditions for future development deals. the purpose of this article is applied and the approach is Analyticaldescriptive. to do this in the first part of Landsat TM and ETM + Satellite images over timescales 1986, 1991, 1998, 2007, 2010 and 2015 were used. in order to detect changes in the levels of classification changes cover three classes: residential and urban lands, agricultural lands and open spaces, the software ENVI Supervised classification with maximum likelihood method and the mean kappa coefficient were used more than 95% for all classes, and images that show high accuracy. The results show that urban expansion and population levels in three decades from 3221 hectares to 11432 hectares and 560514 inhabitants and 905602 inhabitants, that is about four times the physical growth and increased 1. 61times the population has come to represent the physical development and rapid population during the period. In the second part of more than 20 criteria in relation to map physical parameters of extraction were prepared in a manner library. then, using fuzzy clustering and fuzzy logic in MATLAB software environment and GIS appeared to overlap layers and optimum directions. It turned out that the future development of Kermanshah city in "relatively good-average" are.

The aim of this study is clustering of Iran precipitation in order to recognize its spatial differences. Daily data of precipitation, relative humidity, and due point temperature were acquired from 63 stations since the year 1980 till 2013 by national meteorology organization. These primary data by using of the method Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) mapping were compressed to single values and then decreased and prepared as non-linear properties. In addition to these properties, some other properties such as the days with heavy precipitation (greater than or equal to 10 mm), days with much heavy precipitation (greater than or equal to 20 mm), days with precipitation greater than or equal to 25 mm, greatest number of consecutive dry days (CDD), greatest number of consecutive wet days (CWD), and the number of days with precipitation at every season were acquired as linear properties of daily precipitation. In the final step, these linear and non-linear properties were joined together then entered to the fuzzy clustering system. The result of this study showed six precipitation clusters in Iran. The coastal areas of the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, the central very dry, semi-arid, mountainous and semi-mountainous areas were grouped in definite clusters according to Iran topography, Latitude and distance from the sea and water resources. Comparing the results of clustering by this method with other methods that have been done until now, we found that this new approach of clustering can distinguished the stations and clusters regarding its causative agents, significantly high performance.

The population concentration and activities and spatial imbalance in using social facilities is one of the main characteristics of the developing countries. These characteristics can be found in Iran, both before the Revolution and after the Revolution. According to these characteristics, the main part of the facilities and population have been concentrated in one or some points and other regions act as marginal regions and makes the regional inequalities. The natural bed of the North Coastal Area near Mazandaran Sea and adjacent to Alborz Mountains has imposed a different and special shape pattern based on the spatial structure of this region. According to the homogenous structure of this region, the planning role is very crucial to eliminate the existing imbalances. Since in the east part of the North Coastal Area, the effective factors are obviously different from the west and middle areas, the identification of effective factors in making the regional differences of Golestan Province which, as the consequence of its natural structure and nature is neither a tourism destination nor a land business destination as Gilan and Mazandaran is very important. In this study, using the documentary and survey and Delphi technique, the effective factors in making the regional inequalities of Golestan Province were identified and cross-impact matrix have been completed to study the factors impact on each other. By using analytical techniques and MICMAC software, the most important factors in causing the inequalities of Golestan Province were identified which included: spatially one-dimensional development, ethnic convergence and divergence, environmental capabilities and migration. Finally, suitable solutions to reduce the regional imbalances of Golestan Province were presented.

Geotourism is tourism that has said is attractive geological and geomorphological and considering the importance of the geosites have in development areas, In the present study it has been tried to the city geosites Divandarreh and Saghez as well as areas suitable for geotourism development in this area will be evaluated. For this purpose 16 geosites were selected in the study area. Then, using the two methods and Comanescu and Kubalikova. According to the criteria and subcriteria that each of these methods have been studied to evaluate them. Comanescu method is more emphasis on features beauty and landscape. For this reason geosites such as plain Saral, the beauty of the landscape and the perfect situation in this way the ratings are better than Kubalikova. Also areas of scientific and educational status are significantly better in the way Kubalikova have a higher rating. After evaluating geosites, maps zoning areas prone to the development of geotourism is provided. For this purpose the 8 parameters and for the purpose of zoning fuzzy modulation and ANP model is used. The results of zoning areas prone to the development of geotourism and as well as assessments made of two models indicate that in this area, cave Karafto, lake Shahid kazemi, plain Saral, Saghez river and mountain slopes Khan are the most suitable areas for targets. In fact, those areas with a high rating assessment procedures have gained in terms of the criteria that were considered in zoning are located in areas prone to the development of geotourism.

The rise of inequality and lack of attention to the countryside in recent decades has been the weakness and accelerating the destruction of the centers of settlement and create an imbalance within the area of space and one hand, the flow of services, capital, information and population towards urban centers, addition encounter of rural settlements with maximum extent of poverty, inequality and backwardness double in comparison to other population centers, Have necessitated the need for Spatial Planning in rural areas than before. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess rural development in the municipalities of the County of Qazvin, Is an applied research which is carried out using fuzzy MADM methods. The research method is descriptive and analytical, the data gathering method is library and collected according to research objectives based on data and General Population and Housing Census statistics tables and forms common (In particular the Statistical Yearbook of 2011 Qazvin Province). The statistical population of whole the Rural districts in Qazvin County has to assess the level of their development, 76 components in the form of development indicators, from official statistics Bushehr Province extracted and was evaluated using the technique of Fuzzy VIKOR. The findings of research analysis outlining a regional space Rural inequality County of Qazvin and unfair allocation of resources and rural services, Showed that a total of indicators, the Rural districts in Iqbal sharghi and Iqbal gharbi, has the highest rate of development and the rural district of Alamut paiin, Khandan and Alamut bala, Have the lowest rural development. In the end, to eliminate regional imbalances and social justice in rural areas of Qazvin County, Practical recommendations were presented and determine development priorities in separate rural district.

The rapid expansion of cities, make most of the world faced with many problems. Although population growth is the primary cause of the rapid expansion of cities, however, its unreasonable sprawl will have adverse effects on the natural environment and cultural communities. Many attempts have been made to alleviate the negative effects of cities sprawl that most notably is "smart growth" strategy as one way of opposition to urban development " sprawl ", in fact, smart growth is alternative to sprawl. In this research, research methodology is descriptive-analytic method. The data has been achieved from Statistical Center of Iran 's statistical block 1390. For this study, data extraction and classification software (SPSS) and (GIS) is used. The Moora method is used to rank neighborhoods. The results show most central neighborhoods have more favorable conditions terms of smart urban growth indicators than urban surrounding neighborhoods. Whereas urban central neighborhoods have more appropriate level than other neighborhoods in term of the main indicators of smart growth such as mixed use, connections, open spaces, infrastructure and car ownership. multi objective optimization ratio analysis(MOORA) ranking test results showed that three neighborhoods 7, 2 and 6, respectively, have the best ranking among the city's 25 neighborhoods and in against urban surrounding neighborhoods 14, 13 and 4 have the worst condition and ranking among the city’ s neighborhoods. Due to the single-core structure, high levels of car ownership (47 percent) and Amol business-services dominant function, aspect of smart growth strategy can be implement in this city management through make policy in increased mixed uses, make attractive the pedestrian-oriented path and public transport development.

In the present study, in order to monitor and predict the effect of climate change on the bioclimatic design pattern, a comparative study was conducted between two different geographic regions, Mashhad, in the Mediterranean region and Madrid in Spain in Europe with a similar cold desert climate type. In this study, in order to model the bioclimatic design, there have been used two time sets of climatic data. The base data in this paper are from 1990 to 2010 and extracted from the Meteororm software database. In order to evaluate downscaling and preliminary forecasting of the climate data of some components including radiation, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity of the atmosphere general circulation model outputs HadCM3, there is used CCWorldWeatherGen software. In this software, in order to investigate the downscaling of large outputs of the atmosphere general circulation model GCM, there is used MORPHING Method. The outcomes of the present study showed that the average annual temperature for the 2050s and 2080s will increase by 0. 3 and 1. 7 C° for Mashhad and 1. 6 and 3. 2 C° for Madrid and, on the other hand, the relative humidity changes of the 2050s and 2080s, compared to base period, will be 6. 75 and 7 percent for Mashhad, and 11. 08 and 11. 17 percent for Madrid. Totally, the consequent of climate changes in future decades will lead to a change in the bioclimatic design patterns of building for both studied cities. In general, for both areas of study, due to future climate changes, it is necessary to reduce the consumption level of energy by providing bioclimatic design strategies in the heating sector. But for bioclimatic strategies in cooling sector, the need for these strategies in Madrid is significant, but in Mashhad, only sunshade for windows is significant and the use of other cooling strategies has a decreasing trend.

Urbanization and increasing share of urban population is international trend. In less developed countries like Iran and Hamedan province this trend started late but running fast. In this way the extent and population of cities is growing and with this growth affect the surrounding villages. The effects of rapid growth have destructive effects on environment and create social and economic problems and in general leads to unsustainability. In the present study using aerial photographs and remote sensing and geographic information system changes in the physical limits of Hamadan and its surrounding villages from 1335 to 1393 determined; and population changes in the same period were studied. In this period physical size of city growth faster than population growth. City grew 7. 9 times in physical area and 16 times in official area and population size grew 5. 5 times. In the first of period there was 16 villages around the city but in end of time 10 villages were merged to the physical tissue of city. Increase the physical size of the area is not limited to the city. Investigate of the physical limits of the remaining villages in the area showed an increase in the size of all of them and show 2. 8 times increase in physical area of 6 villages, while their population growth were low. The method used in this study with a combination of all aerial photographs of the area and a satellite image for a period in the Arc GIS software environment has been shown to be a good indicator of the trend and speed of changes in physical realms and can be recommend for use cities and villages of the country and can complete with field surveys if necessary support provided.

urban development and complexities of environmental issues have made the existence of resorts and their expansion inevitable. Sustainable urban development has been the source of many movements of the return to nature. This return, in terms of tourism, can contribute to developing and stabilizing the areas. Developing tourism axes surrounding towns and villages is one of the ways to recover social and economic spaces in terms of ecotourism and tourism areas. Also, in the process of urbanization in the world, the forgotten relationship between human and nature can be established; Nowadays, work pressure, physical fatigue, skin infections, etc., threaten human health and people have turned to health tourism to maintain, improve and gain back their mental and physical health. Therapeutic waters and hot springs have the capacity to attract and develop tourism in all seasons of the year. Most hot springs are located in rural areas and around cities, so they are important as a destination for health tourism. Hormozgan province with its climatic and geographical conditions and having numerous hot springs, has the merit to be considered as a special zone for health tourism. The purpose of this research is to plan urban tourist resorts and to find out the factors affecting the attraction of tourists to Todlooyeh Hot Spring. The population includes the tourism authorities of the city of Bastak. The sample size is of 35 is determined using the Delphi method. Using Praloong method, comparison is made between the tourism shifter and efficiency shifter in terms of and tourism value. The result of comparison indicates that value of 0. 73for beauty shifter, 0. 89 for scientific shifter 0. 43 for cultural one, and economical shifter achieved0. 59. the findings show in spite of the high values for beauty and scientific shifters, economy does not show a considerable score, so the natural, recreational, and medical capabilities of Todlooyeh Hot Spring are not used appropriately to attract tourists and increase revenue. The evaluation of the productivity and quality of spa resorts with a score of 0. 21 and 0. 11 Todlooyeh is indicative of the weak conditions of tourism infrastructure of the area.