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مرکز اطلاعات علمی SID1
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (مسلسل 27)
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    6
  • Views: 

    2142
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (مسلسل 27)
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    834
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (مسلسل 27)
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    7
  • Views: 

    15992
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 15992

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Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (مسلسل 27)
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    4314
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 4314

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    91-100
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1082
  • Downloads: 

    303
Abstract: 

Introduction: Activation of Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme responsible for tryptophan catabolism, has been reported to be a necessary requirement to achieve immunological tolerance against the fetus and protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of IDO gene in murine endometrium and its expression rate in different phases of estrous cycle. Noticing the role of this enzyme especially in the survival of a semi-antigenic embryo, the results of this study may be used as a basis for practical studies on the immunologic bases of recurrent abortions.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, we studied the expression of IDO in the female BALB/c mice endometrium during four stages of estrous cycle .The phases of estrous cycle were determined by examining vaginal cytology .At each phase, endometrium was pealed away and the relative expression of IDO mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using specific primers to IDO and mGAPDH as a housekeeping gene. The specificity of reaction was confirmed by enzymatic digestion of amplicon which yielded to 138bp and 259bp fragments.Results:  Our results showed, for the first time, that IDO is expressed in the endometrium of cycling mice during all stages of estrous cycle. The expression of IDO was highest at estrus and lowest at diestrus (p<.001).Conclusion: Expression of IDO in endometrium during all phases of estrous cycle reveals that this enzyme as an effective arm of innate immune system may serve a role in protecting the female reproductive tract against ascending infections. Also regarding the fact that, mating only occurs at estrus phase, the high expression of IDO in this phase, may act as the main mechanism in inducing immunological tolerance to the fetus.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    101-110
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1470
  • Downloads: 

    243
Abstract: 

Introduction: Immunologic disturbances must be considered as a major cause of infertility. Antigamete antibodies like antisperm antibodies (ASA) and to anti-zona antibodies (AZA) seem to be implicated in the etiology of infertility. These antibodies affect fertilization and embryo development. It is important to screen these antibodies in infertile women who are candidates for in-vitro fertilization (IVF), because the presence of these antibodies may switch the treatment from IVF to intra-cytoplasmic microinjection (ICSI). The objective of this study was to determine the presence of ASA and AZA in the follicular fluids (FF) of women who sought candidacy for ICSI.Materials & Methods: In this prospective study, the follicular fluids of 96 infertile women (20 to 39 years old, mean 31.5±5.1), who were candidates for ICSI, were evaluated. According to the etiologies, 80 women had explained whereas 16 had unexplained infertility. All the follicular fluids were evaluated for the presence of ASA by ELISA and Sperm MAR test and also for the presence of AZA by ELISA. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test using SPSS soft-ware and the significance level was considered p<0.05.Results: According to the results of ELISA and Sperm MAR test, none of the patients had ASA in their follicular fluids. However, twenty samples (20.8%) were positive for AZA. In patients with unexplained infertility, autoantibodies to zona pellucida were significantly higher in the follicular fluid than the group with proven etiologies for infertility (p=0.001). Conclusion: The low incidence of ASA and the high incidence of AZA in the infertile women in this study, especially in women with unexplained infertility in Iran have to be considered seriously. Determination of AZA is highly recommended in the evaluation of infertile couples, especially those with unexplained infertility.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

SAFDARIAN L. | MOSSAYEBI E. | JAVADI E. | ARDESHIR LARIJANI MOHAMMAD BAGHER | HESHMAT RAMIN | KHADEMI- A. | ALE YASIN ASHRAF | AGHAHOSSEINI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    111-116
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    840
  • Downloads: 

    452
Abstract: 

Introduction: Considering the economical and psychological burden of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), finding factors predicting ART results is of great value. So this study was undertaken to evaluate whether serum and follicular and serum leptin to body mass index (BMI) are predictive of ART outcomes.Materials & Methods: 99 non-polycystic ovary patients from the body of patients referring to infertility ward of Shariati Hospital, from April to September 2005, were selected and underwent the long protocol of GnRH agonist ovarian hyperstimulation. Serum leptin was measured on the 3rd day of menstrual cycle. Follicular fluid (FF) was collected on the day of oocyte retrieval. The serum and follicular fluid leptin levels were determined by ELISA. Mean the levels of serum and follicular fluid leptin and leptin to BMI ratios were compared in pregnant and nonpregnant women, using SPSS software, student t-test. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Geometrical mean serum leptin (16.42±1.48ng/ml for the nonpregnant and 14.09±2.20ng/ml for the pregnant cases), follicular fluid leptin (8.73±2.56ng/ml for the nonpregnant and 11.07±2.76ng/ml for the pregnant cases) and serum leptin to BMI ratios (0.64±1.61 for the nonpregnant and 0.55±2.04 for the pregnant cases) were not significantly different.Conclusion: According to the results, serum and follicular leptin levels and serum leptin to BMI ratios are not predictive of ART outcomes and in the meantime they should not be considered as a prognostic factor but further studies are recommended with more selective criteria to address infertility causes.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    117-124
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    4683
  • Downloads: 

    614
Abstract: 

Introduction: Transvaginal sonography is used to monitor the response to ovulation induction, to guide transvaginal collection of oocytes and subsequently guide transcervical transfer of embryos to the uterus. Three-dimensional sonography may be used in any of these areas but it has largely been applied as a tool for the evaluation of ovarian response to treatment and as a determinant of endometrial receptivity. Despite the widespread use of high-resolution ultrasonography, the clinical significance of differences in endometrial thickness and pattern has remained controversial and its predictive role in determining the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) has not been established yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endometrial thickness on ICSI success rates.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated the predictive values of endometrial thickness in infertile couples who referred to Mehr Infertility Institute during 2005-2006 for ICSI. After preliminary studies, including hormonal tests, sonography, hysterosalpingography, etc, women with uterine disorders such as myomas, Asherman's syndrome, etc, were excluded but couples with tubal, ovulatory and male factor infertilities and also those with unexplained etiologies of infertility were included in the study. Endometrial thickness was measured from the echogenic interface of the endometrial-myometrium junction in transverse fundal sections by intravaginal sonography on the day of hCG injections. All patients were put on the long protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and those who had a triple-line pattern in endometrium and a thickness of ³6 mm were included in the study. The following variables were evaluated as potential confounders: age of the cases, duration of infertility, causes of infertility, embryo quality and number of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) injections used for COH. In an effort to determine the factors affecting ICSI success rates, multivariate analysis was performed based on logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off point. An alpha error of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: During the study, 528 patients were evaluated. Clinical pregnancy was reported in 192/528 cycles (36.4%).The mean number of oocyte retrieval, injected oocytes (in metaphase II), fertilized, cleaved and transferred embryos had statistically significant effects on pregnancy rates (p<0.05). The mean age of those who responded to treatment was 29.9±5.5 years in the pregnant versus 32.2±6.3 years in the non pregnant cases (p<0.05). The mean duration of infertility did not influence pregnancy rates (7.6±5.5 years in the pregnant versus 7.6±5.4 years in the non-pregnant) (p<0.05). The relations between pregnancy rates and endometrial thickness classification were not statistically significant. Multiple logistic regressions showed no statistically significant effects by endometrial thickness, duration of infertility, causes of infertility and number of gonadotropin injections for ovarian stimulation on the outcome of IVF/ICSI, but there was a significant relation between female age and embryo quality for ICSI success rates. The ROC curve indicated no significant effects of endometrial thickness on the outcome of IVF/ICSI (p>0.05).Conclusion: Endometrial thickness ³6mm on the day of hCG administration does not have any value in predicting ICSI outcomes. Further studies are needed to provide an answer to this contradictory opinion about the role of endometrial thickness during ICSI-ET treatment cycles.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    125-131
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    6
  • Views: 

    16080
  • Downloads: 

    876
Abstract: 

Introduction: Researchers have shown that herbal medicines are used by a large portion of pregnant women. Herbs are generally perceived as safe, harmless and free from side-effect but there have been reports on side-effects in pregnant mothers and their fetuses as well as on drug interactions. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of the use of herbal medicines among pregnant women referring to health care centers in Shahr-e-Kord. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 447 pregnant women, referring to health care centers and Hajar Hospital in Shahr-e-Kord, were interviewed while employing a structured questionnaire. The cases were chosen by simple random sampling. For the data analysis, student t-test and X2 were used.Results: In all, 51.9% of the pregnant women reported the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy. 91.7% of the women, had a positive attitude toward the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy, but 15% believed that the use of herbal medicines in pregnancy was unsafe. Among respondents, 55.9% had not reported the use of herbs to their physicians and the most common reasons for nondisclosure were the belief that herbal medicines were natural and safe (39.1%) and that doctors never asked about them (34.8%). The most commonly reported uses of herbs were for common cold (29.1%), abdominal pain (17.4%) and induction of labor (11.7&). Anchusa officinal is was the most commonly used herb among 55 other species of herbs. 74.2% of medicinal herb consumers cited family and relatives as their main source of information on the herbs. Factors associated with the use of herbal medicines in pregnancy were number of parities 1-3, monthly income more than 1,500,000 Rials and age 20-29, but none were statistically significant. There were significantly lower frequencies of herbal use in pregnancy among women with academic education (p=.004).Conclusion: The widespread use of herbal medications and the positive attitude toward them during pregnancy indicates an increased need to educate health-care providers on these issues to advice women not to expose themselves and their fetuses to the probable risks of herbal preparations.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    132-138
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    2784
  • Downloads: 

    714
Abstract: 

Introduction: Nowadays, anemia is one of the most common but forgotten nutritional deficiencies in the world. More than half of pregnant women and one third of non-pregnant women of fertile age are suffering from anemia. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in the pregnant women referring to Health Centers in Zahedan.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 287 pregnant women who were at the 9th month of pregnancy and referred to 5 Health Centers in Zahedan participated in the study. Data was gathered by a 17-item questionnaire including demographic data and related information on pregnancy. To determine hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin, a blood sample was taken form the subjects too. In order to examine the relationship among variables, X2 and correlational tests were used. An alpha level of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The results showed that 12.9% of the subjects had iron deficiency anemia with Hb values under 10.5 g/dl and 42.2% of them had iron deficiency amenia with ferritin values under 12 mg/L. There was a significant statistical relationship between ferritin levels and iron consumption during pregnancy (p<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this research, that will gives rise to LBW newborns, premature labors, fetal demise, post partum hemorrhage and fetal distress, it is necessary to offer unremitting and subtle care during pregnancy, teach pregnant women on the subject and provide sufficient micro nutrients to them.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    139-148
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    6
  • Views: 

    2161
  • Downloads: 

    637
Abstract: 

Introduction: On average, around 10-15 percent of couples in Iran are infertile. There have been major achievements in the area of modern technologies on infertility treatment and infertile couples have no obstacles or legal barriers to use these technologies in Iran. However, not all infertile couples are using modern technologies in Iran, and their decision making to use these technologies is influenced by their perceptions as well as societal expectations and attitudes. A deeper understanding of the perceptions and attitudes of infertile couples would shed light on socio-cultural aspects of their decision making in using these modern technologies. The main objective of the present paper was to study the attitudes of infertile women on gamete and embryo donation for infertility treatment in Tehran.Materials & Methods: The data were collected from thirty women by using qualitative methods and in-depth interviews. Fifty percent of the respondents were selected from women visiting Avesina Infertility Clinic in Tehran and the rest were randomly selected from infertile women referring to five Health Centers of Shahid Beheshti Health Deputy in Tehran. The data for this study was collected during July and September 2005. Results: The results of this study indicate that, there is a difference between the attitudes of respondents from Avesina Infertility Clinic (AIC) and their counterparts from Shahid Beheshti Health Centers. All respondents from AIC were familiar with gamete donation and believed that it was a medical step towards treatment of infertility, and their religious beliefs did not contradict their decision. However, the respondents from Shahid Beheshti Health Centers did not have any information regarding religious leaders' attitudes towards those methods, and the majority of them considered those methods as forbidden or illegal. In addition, the infertile women in the study were afraid of their treatment not kept confidential and that other people would not consider their child as their biological offspring. Conclusion: Providing appropriate information related to new treatment methods, laws, and religious edicts not only will increase public awareness but also will change individuals' stereo-typical views on infertility, thus promote infertile couples' decision making on the use of gamete and embryo donation for infertility treatment.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

REZAEIAN M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    149-155
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    967
  • Downloads: 

    629
Abstract: 

Introduction: Human population growth control is one of the most important health priorities in developing countries, including Iran. The correct use of contraceptive pills can play an important role in family planning programs. Therefore, the present study with an ecological design looked at the predictors of the correct use of contraceptive pills among urban and rural Iranian females.Materials & Methods: This study uses data from the Iranian nationwide Demographic Health Survey (DHS), which took place in both urban and rural communities in the year 2000. The data for urban and rural populations were analyzed separately, employing SPSS (Version 13) to design a multivariate logistic regression model which reports both odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. In this method the proportion of the correct use of contraceptive pills among females has been considered as a single dependent variable and the effects of five independent variables, that follow, have been determined on it. 1- The proportion of females who have been taught to use contraceptive pills correctly. 2- Mean age of marriage in these females. 3- The proportion of illiteracy among married females, aged 10-49. 4- The proportion of immigration among married females, aged 10-49. 5- The proportion of employment among married females, aged 10-49.Results: The findings of this survey reveal that in both Iranian urban and rural populations, only one of the independent variables - i.e. the proportion of females who have been taught to use contraceptive pills correctly - can predict the variations of the correct use of the contraceptive pills among females. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that any educational program aiming to increase the knowledge of Iranian females on the correct use of contraceptive pills, will be more effective than the other variables under study.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

BASIRAT Z. | NEJADGHOLI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (27)
  • Pages: 

    156-160
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    4482
  • Downloads: 

    600
Abstract: 

Introduction: Fetal ovarian cysts are rare abdominal tumors with unknown pathogenesis. They may be diagnosed accidentally during ultrasonography. Fetal ovarian cysts pose the risk of rupture or torsion with subsequent loss of the affected ovary. Diagnosis and appropriate management reduce acute and long-term complications. Case Report: The case was the fetus of a 26 year old primigravida in the 37th week of gestation in Babol in 2005. A unilateral fetal simple ovarian cyst with a diameter of 30 mm was diagnosed during ultrasonography. The case was delivered by cesarean section due to fetal distress a week later. The neonate was followed up after birth and the cyst was spontaneously disappeared after 45 days. Conclusion: In fetal ovarian cysts, there may be good outcomes following conservative management. After delivery, decrease of hormonal stimulation may lead to the spontaneous resolution of ovarian cysts. Surgical procedures are performed if complications such as torsion or rupture of the cyst develop.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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