RAZAVI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
Year:2022 | Volume:10 | Issue:1|Papers Count:17

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction. Patients experience abdominal pain and different intestinal symptoms in the absence of any structural or biological abnormalities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an analytical treatment group on perceived stress, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, and perfectionism in patients with IBS. Methods: A pretest-posttest design with follow-up and a control group was used in this semi-experimental investigation. Patients with IBS who were referred to medical centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2019 were included in the study's statistical population, with 68 patients chosen using a convenience sampling method. Among them, 20 patients were assigned to analytical therapy (n=10) and the control groups (n=10) using a simple random sampling method. The required data were selected using the perceived stress scale, multidimensional perfectionism scale, and IBS symptom severity index. The data was analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software (version 22). Results: The results showed that analytical group therapy significantly reduced perceived stress (P<0. 001), perfectionism (P<0. 001), and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms (P<0. 001) in patients with IBS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that analytical group therapy is effective in perceived stress, perfectionism, and severity of symptoms of IBS,moreover, analytical group therapy can be used to reduce the problems of patients with IBS.

Background: According to the community conditions and the success rate of high school students, emotion regulation is one of the effective factors in coping with high-risk behaviors and fear of success among students. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of emotion regulation training in risky behaviors, procrastination, and fear of success among students. Method: The pretest, posttest, control group design, and two-month follow-up were used in this quasi-experimental investigation. In the academic year 2019-2020, the research population included all-female high school students in Joghatai. This study used a convenience sampling strategy to choose 30 students who were then randomly allocated to one of two groups: experimental or control. The academic procrastination questionnaire, the fear of success scale, and the youth risk behavior survey were used to collect data. The analysis of covariance was used to examine the data in the SPSS program (version 25). Results: The results demonstrated that emotion regulation training was effective in the mitigation of risky behaviors (P<0. 01), procrastination (P<0. 001), and fear of success (P<0. 001) among students. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the present study, it can be stated that emotions have a major role to play in the mitigation of high-risk behaviors and fear of success among students. Therefore, emotion regulation training lays the ground for the reduction of high-risk behaviors and fear of success among the students by reducing negative emotions and replacing them with positive ones.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition caused by terrifying, shocking, scary, or dangerous events. These events are so severe that one usually cannot gain proper insight into them and they are rooted in traumatic experiences in life. These incidents are expected to recur, if left untreated, creating a chain of events in a person's life. Based on available evidence, PTSD can lead to depression and panic disorder. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess relation of Personality characteristics and tenacity with signs of gloom and posttraumatic stress based on religious opinions in casualties of earthquake in Kermanshah area. Materials and Methods: In this study, 400 people who had survived the temblor of Kermanshah in Sarpol-e Zahab who suffered from PTSD were randomly selected, and the research questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, path analysis, and Pearson correlation. The descriptive results of the study demonstrated that 196 (51. 3%) subjects were male and 186 (48. 7%) cases were female. Regarding age, the lowest frequency (n=70,18. 3%) was related to the age range of under 20 years old. In terms of education, the highest frequency (n=149,39%) was related to the cases who hold a diploma, while the lowest frequency was related to subjects with a master's degree and higher. Results: The results pointed out that Fit Index (IFI), relative fit index (RFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) indices were at the desired level, indicating the suitable fit of the model. Due to the negative effects of religiosity on stress disorder (B=-0. 14) and depression (B=-0. 04) in Kermanshah earthquake victims, it has an inverse relationship with stress disorder and depression and reduces stress. Moreover, there was a positive association between acceptance personality trait and religious beliefs, and the significance level of the test was less than 0. 05, pointing to a direct and significant relationship between acceptance and religious beliefs at %95 confidence level. Nonetheless, there was a negative association between neuroticism and religious beliefs, and the significance level of the test was less than 0. 01, pointing to a significant inverse relationship between neuroticism and religious beliefs at a %99 confidence level. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the present study, hardiness and personality traits were significantly correlated with depression and PTSD based on the mediating role of religious beliefs among earthquake victims in Kermanshah province. This helps to better understand the relationship of religious beliefs with spontaneous and controlled processes in a more systematic way and helps people to create a more accurate view.

Background: Cognitive rehabilitation and the application of sports exercises is one of the issues that can help improve the performance indicators of children with disabilities. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise (aerobics, aerobics, and fitness) in executive functions of the problem-solving process and speed of action in children with dyscalculia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male and female students referring to the White Tree Club and the Mentality Psychology Clinic in 2020. Among this population, 24 qualified volunteers were included in the study by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (n=12 in each group). Research instruments included the KMat test (Kendall, 1986), the London Tower test (Shalis, 1982), and the Stroop test (1935). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using the univariate analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The results of data analysis demonstrated that after removing the effect of the pre-test, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of executive functions of the problem-solving process (P<0. 001) and speed of action (P<0. 001) in the post-test. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, it can be concluded that exercise can be used in children with dyscalculia and is effective in improving the executive functions of the problem-solving process and speed of action.

Background: Family cohesion affects the health, mental and physical well-being, academic achievement, and emotional health of the family through the disturbing family environment and creating feelings of depression, aggressive behaviors, and delinquency, and disrupting family members' self-concept. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of psychological education based on Olson's model and McMaster's model on family cohesion of schizophrenic patients in Bushehr, Iran. Method: This study was conducted based on a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design and follow-up. The statistical population consisted of 425 patients in all families of schizophrenic patients who underwent treatment in the medical centers in Bushehr (both governmental and non-governmental) in 2019. The eligible samples (n=45) were selected by convenience sampling method from the parents of schizophrenic patients and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The required data were collected using a questionnaire, namely the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (Olson, 1999) and analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using multivariate analysis of covariance and post-test. Results: The results showed that psychological training based on the Olson and McMaster models effectively improved the family cohesion of schizophrenic patients (P<0. 001),however, the McMaster model was more effective than the Olson model (P<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings, the provision of psychological services was necessary to promote and cohere the families of schizophrenic patients,Therefore, the Olson and McMaster models can be used to promote and cohere the families of schizophrenic patients and provide the ground for their psychological care.

Background: Infertility is a major life event that creates excessive stress among infertile couples. This complicated, unpredictable, and uncontrollable condition can lead to a serious crisis in the life of infertile couples. Objectives: The present study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of positive couple therapy in empathy and intimacy of infertile couples. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pre-test, post-test, control group design with follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all infertile couples who referred to Baran and Rah-e Sabze Zendegi counseling centers in Shiraz in 2019. Out of this population, 30 subjects were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A positive couple therapy program was performed for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups responded to the marital empathy scale (Julie and Farrington, 2006) and the marital intimacy questionnaire (Walker and Thompson, 1983) in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results indicated that positive couple therapy can improve empathy (P<0. 01) and intimacy (P<0. 01). It was also revealed that the effectiveness of positive couple therapy in empathy and marital intimacy lasted until the follow-up phase (P<0. 01). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the present study, it can be concluded that positive couple therapy is effective in empathy and intimacy,therefore, it can be of great help to infertile couples.

Background: The phenomenon of female-headed households is a social reality that has different reasons and is found in all societies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on emotional expression and somatic symptoms among female-headed households. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-post-test control group design and follow-up. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female-headed households in Tehran, Iran, in 2019, among whom 36 cases were selected using the convenience sampling method. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each), including the group treated with EMDR, the group treated with ACT, and the control group (awaiting treatment). The required data were obtained using the Emotional Expression Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using repeated variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The results showed that EMDR and ACT were effective in emotional expression (P<0. 01) and physical symptoms (P<0. 01) among female-headed households. Conclusion: It can be concluded that EMDR and ACT were effective on emotional expression and physical symptoms in femaleheaded households and these two treatments can be used to improve the problems of female-headed households.

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, accounting for approximately 21% of all cancers worldwide. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the pain management model based on rumination, as well as positive and negative emotional regulation, with the mediating role of resilience in women with breast cancer. Method: The present study was conducted based on a correlational design (structural equation modeling). The statistical population of the present study was all women with breast cancer who were referred to medical centers (private and public hospitals and clinics) in Tehran in 2019. The sample size was calculated at 273 patients according to Morgan's table who were selected via simple random sampling. Rumination response questionnaires, positive and negative emotional regulation, resilience, and pain management were used to measure the variables of the study. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software and LISREL using Spearman correlation coefficient and path analysis. Results: Based on the results, resilience had a mediating role in the indirect effect of positive emotional regulation on activity enhancement (P<0. 01). Nonetheless, resilience played no significant mediating role in the relationship between positive regulation. Moreover, the results pointed to the significant indirect effect of negative emotional regulation with the mediating role of resilience on activity enhancement (P<0. 01). However, resilience had no significant mediating role in the relationship between negative regulation. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be concluded that the pain management model based on rumination, as well as positive and negative emotional regulation, was fitted with the mediation of resilience in women with breast cancer.

Background: A person's satisfaction with marital life is regarded as his/her satisfaction with the family, and family satisfaction means life satisfaction which consequently facilitates the growth and spiritual progress of the society. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Gottman's model and emotion-focused therapy on couples' marital intimacy. Method: This quasi-experimental research was conducted based on a pre-test, post-test control group design with follow-up. The statistical population of the study included the couples who were referred to clinics in the west of Tehran in 2020. A number of 24 couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: two intervention groups (Gottman couple therapy and emotional therapy) and a control group (n=8 in each group). The experimental groups underwent 10 90-min sessions of Gottman's couple therapy and emotion-focused therapy, while the control group stayed on the waiting list. Data were collected based on the Intimacy Needs Questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results demonstrated that Gottman's model and emotion-focused therapy exerted an effect on couples' marital intimacy and there was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of effectiveness (P<0. 01). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, it can be concluded that Gottman's model method and emotion-focused therapy are both effective in the enhancement of couples' marital intimacy and can be used as therapeutic or educational methods in couple therapy programs.

Background: Anxiety is a general, vague, andvery unpleasant emotional feeling accompanied by many uncomfortable physical sensations. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused group therapy in social intimacy, social acceptance, and compassion of clients with anxiety referring to counseling centers in Isfahan. Method: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included 40 clients with anxiety referring to counseling centers in Isfahan in the spring and summer of 2020. They were selected via the available sampling method from Tohid counseling centers in Isfahan and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=20 in each group). The experimental group received an emotion-focused treatment program in 12 120-min sessions (once a week), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire, self-compassion scale, social intimacy questionnaire, and social acceptance test scale. The acquired data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance in SPSS software (version 24). Results: The results pointed out that emotion-focused therapy had a significant effect on the enhancement of social intimacy, social acceptance, and self-compassion (P<0. 01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that emotion-focused group therapy is a useful intervention to increase social intimacy, social acceptance, and self-compassion in people with generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: Binge eating disorder is considered the ingestion of an unusually large amount of food with the lack of control during the overeating episodes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of interpersonal group therapy on depression and emotion regulation in women with bulimia nervosa. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest design, a control group, and a two-month follow-up. A total of 30 research samples from the community of women with bulimia nervosa who were referred to the Iranian Overeating Association in Tehran between September and November 2019 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The required findings were collected using the depression inventory and emotional regulation in three rounds: pre-and post-tests, as well as follow-up, and analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that interpersonal group therapy was effective in reducing depression and improving emotional regulation strategies in patients with bulimia nervosa. Bonferroni test showed that this effect was lasting over time. Conclusion: Considering the efficacy of interpersonal group therapy on depression and emotional regulation, using interpersonal group therapy is recommended for women with bulimia nervosa.

Background: Infertility is one of the painful experiences in women's lives, exerting dramatic effects on their mental health. Objective: The present study aimed to explain the mental health model based on integrative self-knowledge and social support mediated by perceived stress in infertile women. Methods: This study was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational design. Among the infertile women who were referred to Royan Infertility Center and Sarem Hospital in 2018, 250 subjects were selected via the convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments included the Self-Knowledge Scale by Ghorbani et al. (2003),Measure of Perceived Stress by Cohen et al. (2003), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1988), and Mental Health Inventory by Veit and Ware (1983). To analyze the obtained data, Spearman correlation coefficient (using SPSS software) and path analysis (using LISREL statistical software) were used. Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. Moreover, integrative self-knowledge and social support were, directly and indirectly, related to mental health in infertile women with the mediating role of perceived stress. Integrative self-knowledge, social support, and perceived stress accounted for a total of 42% of the mental health variance in infertile women. Conclusions: Considering the effects of psychological factors on infertility, as well as the adverse effects of infertility on couples' lives, it can be concluded that the assessment of psychological factors and their improvement can be of great help to infertile women.

Background: Competition and stress drive youngsters positively for developing, but intensifying or continuing the stress can affect people's mental health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of mind-wandering between achievement motivation and perceived academic stress in nursing students. Methods: The study was conducted by descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all bachelor's nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch Faculty of Medicine during the first semester of 2018-2019. Two hundred forty students were selected as a sample by the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using achievement motivation questionnaire (1970), perceived academic stress (2005), and mind-wandering questionnaire (2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS. 22 and Amos. 22 software by employing Pearson correlation coefficient, fitness indices, maximum likelihood estimation, and bootstrap. Results: The results indicated that mind-wandering played a mediating role in achievement motivation and perceived academic stress among nursing students (P<0. 05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that mind-wandering has a mediating role between achievement motivation and perceived academic stress in nursing students.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea and snoring are associated with high blood pressure, stroke, and cognitive impairment, as well as increased risk of perioperative heart events and respiratory failure. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between snoring and pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 232 participants referred to two general hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, from December 2017 to January 2018, for coronary artery bypass surgery, were categorized into two groups of snoring and non-snoring history. A checklist including demographic characteristics, snoring history, medical history, lung complications, and laboratory findings was completed for each participant. In addition, three snoring questionnaires, including STOP-BANG, Berlin, and Epworth, were filled out. Results: The results showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age (P=0. 404). Moreover, there was a significant difference in oxygen saturation, duration of extubation, and length of stay in ICU and surgery ward in the snoring group. The mean score of the snoring group was significantly high according to the Epworth scale (P=0. 001). According to the Berlin and STOP-BANG questionnaire, participants with snoring had a significant risk of apnea and obstructive sleep apnea with P=0. 008 and P=0. 001, respectively. There was no significant difference between the history of diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (P>0. 05). Conclusion: conclusion: In CABG surgery patients, snoring increases the time required for extubation and the length of stay in hospital,it also decreases oxygen saturation after surgery.

Background: Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery (UAPA) is an uncommon anomaly with reported incidence of 1 in 200, 000 young adults and a diverse clinical presentation. It may be diagnosed as an isolated congenital anomaly or in combination with other heart defects. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical course and characteristics of 40 patients with UAPA the diagnosis of whom was first established in childhood or adulthood. Materials and Methods: From January 2002 to April 2021, 40 patients with UAPA were diagnosed at our institution. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed in detail, and information covering the patients' demographics, associated anomalies, imaging studies, and operation data were elicited. Results: According to the results, all 40 patients were between 2 months and 25 years old (mean age: 6. 45 years) at the first presentation, weighing 4. 70-59. 00 kg (mean weight: 19. 17 kg). Regarding gender, 25 (62. 5%) patients were female. Left sided UAPA was found in 60% (n=24) of cases, and 40% of patients had occult right pulmonary artery (RPA). Moreover, a right-sided aortic arch was found in 4 (10%) patients. Tetralogy of Fallot was diagnosed in 16 patients, whereas complex cardiac anomalies were found in 13 cases. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the undiagnosed cases of UAPA, especially in adults with suspicious symptoms, such as unexplained hemoptysis. The application of different available imaging techniques for early diagnosis and treatment of isolated UAPA cases is important to prevent the devastating complications of pulmonary hypertension and massive hemoptysis in the long term.

Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection affects almost half of the world's population, making it the most prevalent infection globally. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a sample of the general population of Mashhad, Iran, in consideration of the prevalence and importance of Helicobacter pylori infection in the east of the country, especially Mashhad. Materials and Methods: A total of 1, 026 subjects were selected as the sample from the general population of Mashhad, Iran. Their serum samples which were stored in the Mashhad study project were provided to the researchers. The samples were examined for the presence or absence of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies. Results: A mean age of 45 was reported for subjects, and the majority (54. 8%) were female. In the study population, Helicobacter pylori infection was 85. 2 percent. On the basis of Helicobacter pylori infection, participants were assigned into two groups of infected and non-infected. The laboratory variables were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found between the two groups in any of the underlying variables. Conclusion: The results of the present study pointed to a very high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a sample of the general population in Mashhad, Iran. This highlights the importance of investigating this bacterium as one of the major causes of various gastrointestinal problems.

Background: Healthy heart is essential to human life, and cardiovascular disease is not specific to any age or gender and can affect anyone at any age and gender. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation strategies and pain coping strategies on health dimensions among patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design and follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all patients with coronary heart disease referring to Heshmatieh Hospital in Sabzevar, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, within July-October, 2019. A total of 45 samples were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and one control group. The research instrument was the General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance in SPSS 25. Results: The results showed that emotional self-regulation strategies and pain coping strategies had an effect on health dimensions and reduced physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression in patients with coronary heart disease (P<0. 001). The findings also revealed that in the physical symptoms dimension, the difference between emotional self-regulation strategies and pain coping strategies was significant, and pain coping strategies were more effective than emotional self-regulation strategies (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Training emotional self-regulation and pain coping skills may enhance health outcomes in people with coronary heart disease.