Pajouhan Scientific Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:14 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Unsuccessful treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is big challenge to public health. Some conflicting results in regards with relationship of the sputum smear degree in unsuccessful treatments or death of patients have been reported. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the relationship of the grading of sputum smear-positive patients in the beginning of treatment on treatment consequences.Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, which was from cross studies, the records of all positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were investigated during the years 2010 to 2013 in the Abadan TB register system. Distribution status of sputum positive in the beginning of the treatment was determined by using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between sputum smear grading of the patients and treatment outcomes. Data were analyzed using Stata-12.Results: From a total of 188 patients during the 4-year period, 68.1% of them were males and 87.8% of them were living in urban areas. Furthermore, 80.8% of the patients recovered, 9.6% died, 3.2% had unsuccessful treatment, 3.7% were transformed to other universities and 2.7% of them were missing. Also, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the basil level in the beginning of the treatment with treatment outcomes of the patients (P=0.02).Conclusion: It was found that there was a significance relation between the grading of sputum smear-positive patients and treatment outcomes, as the patients with higher grading of sputum smear–positive the rate of recovery was better. Therefore, it is recommended that appropriate standard treatment under proper conditions and management including daily direct supervision (DOTS) and support of patients by the complete recovery should be offered.

Introduction: The internet addiction disorder (IAD) is a medical and psychological disorder affecting social and personal life of persons and causing turmoil in it. The purpose of this study was to comparison sleep disturbance, social isolation and difficulties in emotion regulation in IAD and normal students.Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, which was from cross studies, 25 internet-dependent and 25 normal students were selected using the multistage sampling from the students of Islamic Azad University Ardabil Branch: medical and basic science faculties during the year 2012-2013. The internet addiction test (IAT), insomnia severity index (ISI), University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and emotion regulation questionnaire were used to collect information. The obtained data were analyzed by with SPSS17 (MANOVA Test).Results: It was found that in internet-dependent student’s emotion regulation (99.64±15.51) and waking up too early (2.24±1.05) had the highest and lowest means, respectively. Moreover, the variables of emotion regulation (93.32±16.17) and sleep continuity (2±1.22) had, respectively, the highest and lowest means among the normal students. Also, there was a significant relationship between the two groups in terms of sleep disorder (P=0.001) and social isolation (P=0.004). However, a significant relationship was not seen in terms of emotion regulation (P=0.165).Conclusion: The findings showed that internet addiction plays an important role in creating sleep disorder and social isolation in students. Therefore, these students should be supported in social terms. Of course, more extensive studies are needed in this field.

Introduction: Considering growing increase of antibacterial resistance to antibiotics and existing of anti-bacterial compounds in plants, in this study the antibacterial effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium jesdianum plant on some species of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated.Methods: In this experimental study, the aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium jesdianum plant were prepared from Allium jesdianum plant. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were evaluated by two methods: broth microdilution and agar-well diffusion on the bacteria in comparison with Gentamicin. The data were analysed by two independent samples T-test (SPSS-16).Results: The methanol extracts had a significant antibacterial eeffect on all examined Gram-positive and gram negative bacteria, except for Enterococcus faecalis (P<0.05). The largest inhibitory diameter (12 mm) of growth was seen in Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and MIC for these two strains was obtained at 16 mg/L. The aqueous extract of the leaves of this plant had an effect on all examined bacteria except Enterococcus faecalis isolates except for Enterococcus faecalis (P<0.05). Also, the aqueous extract influenced better than other methanol extracts (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study and increasing resistance of bacteria to chemical antibiotics, it is recommended that more studies on this plant as an antibacterial compound are needed for treating bacterial infections.

Introduction: Positive thinking is a trend to adopt the most hopeful standpoint and cognitive and emotional preparation in persons for prediction and evaluation of life events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of optimism training on emotion regulation and psychological well–being in undergraduate students.Methods: This study was a semi-experimental research by pre and post exam design with a control group. First, among the students of University of Birjand, 300 students were selected by the simple random sampling and pre-study was carried out. Among 60 students having emotion regulation and standard deviation lower than the society’s mean, 28 people were hold randomly in two groups (14 in examination group and 14 in control group). For the examination group, seven two-hour sessions of positive thinking were done and then the post-exam was conducted. The collection of the data was done using two questionnaires of emotion regulation (Gross & John, 2003) and Ryff scales of Psychological well-being (Ryff, 1995). Neuro-linguistic programing (NLP) methodology was used for optimism training. The SAS software was utilized for data interpretation using analysis of covariance.Results: The results showed that optimism training affected significantly the main variables of psychological well-being (P=0.011), emotion regulation (P=0.001) and the consequent variables of reappraisal (P=0.001), personal growth (P=0.05), positive relations with others (P=0.045), and self-acceptance (P=0.002). But the consequent variables of suppression, autonomy, environmental, and purpose in life mastery, were not affected (P>0.05) by optimism training.Conclusion: The results validate the positive effect of optimism training on emotion regulation and psychological well–being in undergraduate students.

Introduction: Marriage and family are one of the factors in mental health and individuals’ life styles and its role in reducing personal and social disruptions is known. In order to plan properly and increase youth’s awareness of right marital criteria, it is necessary to know their viewpoints. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the criteria of married couples about to get married referred to the Marriage Counseling Center of Tuyserkan City in 2015.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study that was conducted on 204 couples referred to the marriage counseling center, who were selected by the available sampling method, in 2015. The research instrument was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and preference criteria of spouse selection inventory (PCSS). The data were analyzed by using the chi-square and Spearman correlation test, using SPSS version 17 at the level of error of less than 0.05.Results: The results showed that among married criteria, 183 persons (89.5%), 179 persons (87.7%) and 177 persons (86.8%) chose love, chastity and mental health. Couples in urban areas married at higher ages. Also, there was a significant relationship between income and occupation and the gender of the couples (P<0.05).Conclusion: It is essential to hold marriage preparation courses targeting and identifying desire educational needs of the target group in the appropriate time to create right attitude in mate selection criteria.

Introduction: Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in infants and children around the world. In developing countries, between 40 and 50 percent of children under 5 years of age suffer from this problem. The aim of this study was to predict iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors of children by mothers of children 6-1 years covered rural centers of Babol City in 2015.Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 267 mothers having children 6-1 years covered houses rural health centers in Babol City were selected by the multistage random sampling. Data were collected by the self-report method through a questionnaire including the demographic information, dimensions of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and performance. The data were analyzed by using test correlation, and regression.Results: The mean age of the mothers were 29.85±55.5 years. Most mothers (49.1%) have education at high school level. Among models, perceived benefits and perceived barriers had the highest score (81.05) lowest score (45.75), respectively. In regression analysis for prediction behaviors, the variables: self-efficacy, perceived barriers and practice guide were detected as the predictor’s variables. These variables could predict totally 19% of behavior’ changes (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings in the design, educational interventions should be emphasized based on self-efficacy, perceived barriers and practice guides as the most important predictors of maternal behaviors.

Introduction: It is obvious that, the organic load of wastewaters produced by food industries, especially the egg processing industry, is very high, therefore, it is necessary to use a cost efficient method with high efficiency for the treatment of this kinds of wastewater. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the electro-coagulation process for the treatment of the wastewater of egg processing industries.Methods: This experimental study was carried out on the wastewater of this industry in a batch system during three seasons (summer, autumn and winter) in 2015. Without pH adjustment, the effect of operating parameters including current density, retention time and electrode type, on COD reduction was investigated. Also, the technical and economic assessment in terms of energy and electrode consumption was studied.Results: The results showed that, COD removal efficiency increased with increasing current density as well as increasing operating time; naturally, it is necessary to determine the optimum points in order to reduce operating costs including energy and electrode consumption. Maximum removal efficiency of COD (99%) was obtained using the aluminum electrode at contact time 10 min and current density of 7mA/cm2. Also, aluminum electrode with energy consumption of 9kwh/m3 and anode consumption of 0.5 mg/cm is more economical than iron electrode.Conclusion: According to the results, in comparison to conventional methods, the treatment of the wastewater of egg processing industries using the electro-coagulation process is more effective and cost efficient.

Introduction: Hospitals and health centers have a duty to improve service delivery and increase patient satisfaction. Due to the necessity of observing these principles, the present study was conducted to evaluate the observance of patient’s rights in radiology wards of teaching hospitals of Hamadan in 2015.Methods: This descriptive/analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 patients selected by the available sampling from all personnel of radiology wards of educational hospitals of Hamadan in 2015. The data were collected by the demographic information form and 19 questions of yes/no and 27 four-choice questions for the personnel which their validity and reliability were confirmed by the patient’s right charter (1999). The data were analyzed by independent t-test, Chi-square and Analysis of variance tests using SPSS-19.Results: The findings showed that the mean of the observance of patients’ rights was 51.32±4.06 (moderate). Respect to patients and nondiscrimination and taking care of complaints were observed, respectively, the most and least. There was not a significant relationship (P>0.05) between sex, marital status, work experience and job rating in personnel and sex and level of education in patients and their views on the observance of the patient’s right charter.Conclusion: From the perspective of the personnel and patients, patients’ rights are not fully respected. Therefore, it is worth examining possible and necessary measures to overcome obstacles.