BIANNUAL JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY RESEARCHES
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (13)|Papers Count:7

Achieving the balance between the spatial distribution of resources and services in urban areas is one of the main objectives of the government. District 7 in Mashhad with a population of about 220000 people and an area of 5200 hectares is one of the most crowded urban areas of Mashhad. CNG fuel station network is the key component of the network utilities acted as a supplier of fuel for transportation within the city, which is important in terms of traffic considerations, urban development, safety, and the environment. This study aims to locate CNG fuel station in District 7 in Mashhad and also utilizes the methods based on GIS and fuzzy logic. In order to implement fuzzy operators in GIS environment, the effective criteria including access to main thoroughfares, centers with high population density, green space, commercial land use, distance from residential land use, educational land use, and distance from existing stations were all first extracted and entered into the GIS environment. In the next step, the fuzzy membership value for each parameter (fuzzication) was determined. Next, the weighted layers were put together, and finally the most appropriate area was shown on the final map. The results showed that the southern and southeastern areas lacked fuel stations and had priority for the construction of new stations in the area.

Public participation in the form of spiritual institutions, which are known as faith-based public organizations (faith-based NGOs), is now one of the key strategies in local community development. Faith-based NGOs usually work to promote the human spiritual life; however, related extensive studies and recent investigations have shown that because of the faith capacity of these NGOs, in addition to their core function in spiritual matters of communities, they have much more effectiveness than any other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing social, cultural, and welfare services. In this study, in addition to identify various religious institutions involved in city management, the functional significance of these NGOs in the field of social security as well as the welfare of residents in small local communities was examined. The main objective of this study is to analyze and highlight the role of faith-based NGOs in sustainable management of social services and hence, in provision of public welfare in communities. The research method is analytic-descriptive which is based on library documents and interviews with a number of people and managers of these NGOs in Tehran, District 1. The results showed that in spite of the diverse characteristics of these public religious centers, they all have the same or similar purposes. Because of their cultural nature, voluntary organizations in general and faith-based NGOs in particular have more effects than any other organizations on creating cultural change as well as developing sustainable management of social and welfare services in small local communities.

Immigration and the growth of metropolitan areas are always associated with major changes in the areas around them. National Tehran metropolis with its rapid growth in recent decades has caused population increase and physical development of the surrounding towns and villages. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting demographic and physical changes in Garachak city as a settlement around Tehran metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection was based on library documents, observation, in-depth interviews and 300 household questionnaires completed randomly. The data were analyzed by using single T- test, multi-variable regression, interpretation of satellite images (in years 1987 and 2011), and Holdern model. The results showed that due to reasons such as locating on Tehran-Varamin road, short distance and the rapid access to metropolis Tehran and its facilities, and also due to the low costs of land and housing in that area, Garachak city has had high population growth so that the city as a complementary area for Tehran has an additional role in residency and settlement. According to Holdern model analysis, approximately %68 of physical growth and nearly %32 of growth in Garachak city is respectively associated with population growth and horizontal-sprawl growth which have caused huge changes in economic, social, and ecological aspects of the city.

Urban growth pattern is one of the major issues which can contribute to sustainability and life of cities, and with all characteristics including form, function, physic and content, has been the endless concern of theorists, philosophers and idealists from at least the 5th century BC to the present day, and today, having knowledge about city spatial form can be one of the important factors affecting the success of urban planners and practitioners, and help urban environment improvement. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, the present research is aimed to evaluate physical– spatial growth pattern of Tabriz and Istanbul metropolis using quantitative methods. The present research, in terms of nature and method, is descriptive -analytical and practical. So that, the required data were collected using survey, documentary and library studies and then physical – spatial growth form of Tabriz city (with 10 region) and Istanbul (With 39 region) was calculated using quantitative methods. To evaluate the city form, for method (metropolis size, density, gathering degree, balanced distribution) was used. The results of this research show that the present growth pattern of Tabriz city is fragmented and tends to random pattern in 1390 years. But the form of the Istanbul metropolis, shows tendency of focus growth pattern.

Increasing population has disrupted the order of nature and led to restructuring of the original land. In recent years, in order to prevent the horizontal growth of cities, the idea of constructing high-rise buildings in cities around the world such as Tehran metropolis has been proposed. One of the negative impacts of high-rise building is the change in urban wind flow. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of high-rise buildings on the performance of urban wind flow using an inductive-comparative method. In this study, District 22 in Tehran was selected as the case study due to its increasing trend of high-rise construction. The findings of the study showed that the natural pattern of wind flow changed due to the incorrect and non-normative positioning of tall buildings; thereby, this led to the secondary effects resulted from stagnation or intensification of wind flow causing serious problems for air inlet corridor of Tehran. Therefore, appropriate principles and criteria for both the site location as well as the assessment of high-rise building observed by urban managers seem to provide bases for accurate management actions and reduce the side effects.

The optimal distribution of uses as well as service centers is an issue which urban planners often emphasize, as the rapid growth of population and city expansion has caused an inappropriate spatial distribution of urban uses. Cultural centers are an example of the uses whose distribution and dispersion are important in urban areas in terms of both urban development and social justice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dispersion of the cultural centers in Saqqez city as well as to locate the new cultural centers according to the shortage in the city. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to classify and analyze the data, some models including ANP model and network analysis model, and Moran' sI, Anselin local Moran' sI indicators were used. Furthermore, the softwares ARC /GIS, and Super Decisions were employed to map layers. The results of this study indicates that according to the survey carried out, %41.11 of the city area is out of access to the cultural centers. The findings also reveal that the cultural centers in Saqqez city are inappropriate to other centers in terms of both compatibility and accessibility. Therefore, by integrating the various layers of influential uses, the final map of optimal spaces was suggested in order to build new cultural centers in 5 categories from very good to very weak.

Today, universities are considered as the primary means of development of the country and their significant and influential role in various aspects of science, culture, society, economy and politics become more and more clear. The increase of knowledge level in society leads in the improvement on living condition, the reduction in immigration as well as the economic and social development. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of university land use development in the tourism development as well as the social and economic prosperity of Hormoz Island. The research method was descriptive-analytic. The study was also practical using library studies and surveys (interviews and questionnaires). Additionally, SPSS software and the single chi square test were employed to analyze the data. Furthermore, SWOT analysis was used to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results show that the universities are influential in social and economic development of Hormoz Island. The findings also reveal that university land use development has significant impact on the tourism development of the region. To stabilize tourism development for local people on Hormoz Island, some recommendations were presented at the end of the study.