SALAMAT-I IJTIMAI (Community Health)
Year:2015 | Volume:2 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background and Objective: From the perspective of psychology, obesity can lead to the negative attitude, stress and the increasing the risks of psychological disorders. From the viewpoint of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), psychological disorders are due to the fusion of psychological and cognitive inflexibility. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment group therapy on improving the depression and body image among female with obesity.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed through pre-posttest with the intervention and the control groups. The target population of this research was total obese women depression symptoms and negative body image who referred to nutrition and sports clubs in East of Tehran in 2014. 30 obese women with depression symptoms and negative body image were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly divided in the intervention and the control groups. The intervention group participated in acceptance and commitment group therapy sessions include once a week for two months (a total of 8 sessions).The control group received no intervention. All participants were evaluated in the first and last meeting by the Beck Depression Inventory and body image questionnaires. To analyze the data descriptive parameters such as frequency and standard deviation and statistical tests such as t-test for comparison two independent groups were used.Results: The results showed a significant reduction in depression scores (P<0.01) and a significant increase in body image scores (P=0.001) in patients of the intervention group compared to the control group.Conclusion: The study showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy in women with obesity lead to the reduction in depression and increase the desirable perception of body image, therefore, the use of this therapeutic approach is recommended in women with obesity.

Background and Objective: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease (NAFLD) and its complications in adults are increasing. Nutritional habits and its consequent obesity are major risk factors for developing the disease. The aim of this study was comparing nutritional habits and body mass index in two groups of participants with and without NAFLD.Materials and Methods: This case control study was performed with participation of 170 people aged 20-55, who referred to the department of sonography in the Taleghani teaching hospital of Tehran. The sampling method was convenience sampling. Data collected by interview with the individuals. Socio-demographic characteristics, reason for referring, and nutritional habits were determined. Anthropometric measurements and liver ultrasound were also performed. Data were analyzed by using t-test for comparing the means between 2 groups and chi-square test for determining the relationship between the variables. P-values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant.Results: The group with the disease significantly consumed more high-fat dairy products than the group without the disease (42% vs. 23%) (P=0.013). The mean (SD) for weekly consumption of fruits in the group with the disease was significantly higher than that in the group without the disease 11.6 (6.7) vs. 8.2 (5.5) unit (P=0.001). The mean (SD) for BMI of the group with the disease was higher than that of the group without the disease 32.8 (6.6) vs. 24.4 (3) respectively (P<0.001). Unexpectedly, the mean (SD) for weekly consumption of fast foods in the group without fatty liver with 0.8 (0.9) was two times more than that in the affected group with 0.4 (0.8) (P=0.012).Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and some unhealthy eating habits in patients with NAFLD and those at risk, requires designing and implementing educational interventions for increasing individuals’ awareness and improving their attitude towards healthy eating behaviors.

Background and Objective: Leadership style or behavior is an effective factor in employee performance. The purpose of the study was to determine heads' leadership style and its relationship with job satisfaction and burnout in staff of Shomal health center of Tehran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 207 subjects, including 16 heads and 191 health care staff of Shomal health center of Tehran participated. Data were collected using three questionnaires (leadership style, job satisfaction and burnout questionnaires). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-18 software. Descriptive and analytic methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test were used for analysis.Results: In this study 85.9% of heads of health centers use consideration leadership style. Overall job satisfaction of staff score was 50.1 (from 100), 48.6 in women and 55.1 in men. Managers’ leadership style had direct and significant relationship with job satisfaction of employees (P<0.001).17.3% of staff had average job burnout and 2.6% of them had high job burnout. Average job burnout in men and women were 32.5 and 37.5, respectively. Managers' leadership style had significantly inverse relationship with job burnout in staff (P<0.001).Conclusion: Selecting leadership style according to the working conditions and attention to modern management methods can lead to increased job satisfaction.

Background and Objective: The health indicator of maternal mortality is as one of the most important of development indicators in the community. The third Millennium Development Goal is to reduce maternal mortality by 75 percent from 2015 compared to 1990 levels. The aim of this study was to Evaluation of Achievement to the fifth millennium development goal (improving maternal health) in Dezful University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive – analysis and cross sectional study, the study population consisted of mothers who had died from April 1386 to March 1390 at cities of Dezful University of Medical Sciences. The research data were collected using a completed questionnaire of maternal mortality surveillance system. Data using SPSS statistics software and descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA and Chi-square analyzes were performed. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The results showed that the subjects were age range of 18-43 years with a mean age of 28.2±6.7, and the mean average of mortality rate were 34.9 person per hundred thousand live births. Most causes of maternal mortality rate in this study were related to indirect causes of maternal mortality. The most common causes of death in 5-year periods, respectively, were including the previous medical diseases, hemorrhage, embolism, and preeclampsia. Based on our findings, the cause of maternal mortality and maternal age (P=0.02) were significantly.Conclusion: Provide quality services for high-risk mothers during pregnancy results in achieving the third millennium development goal and improving maternal health.

Background and Objective: Education is one of the strategic actions for human resources development. The purpose of education is improvement in functional outcomes and the knowledge, skills and attitude of staff. Appropriateness of organizational training and needs of employees predisposes improvement in potential capacity of employees and effectiveness and improvement of the performance of employees. The Purpose of this study was to explore the educational needs assessment of health educator teachers of Kouhdasht city from the perspective of administrators and themselves health educators.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-applied study all health educator teachers and administrators in high schools (primary and secondary) in Koohdasht, Lorestan, Iran participated. The sample size consisted of 70 subjects (26 men and 44 women). Data were collected through the questionnaire that was based on Likert scale. Through task analysis, knowledge, skills and attitude of educators were extracted and examined validity and reliability of the questionnaire proved to be satisfactory. Descriptive methods, one sample T-test, independent T-test, Friedman test and analysis of variance were used for analysis.Results: Prioritize educational needs of health educator teachers from the perspective of themselves were life skills education, sex education (to girls/boys) and common infectious diseases in adolescents. From the perspective of school administrators, these priorities were Knowledge of pharmaceutical information and their side effects, methods of prevention of drug abuse among adolescents and life skills education.Conclusion: Results of study showed significant differences between the existing and desired level of knowledge, skill and attitude of health educator teachers. Consideration the educational needs of employees and their involvement in the assessment process will be helpful.

Background and Objective: Studies show that in recent years, mental disorders have increased in various communities. Because of continuity of social sciences, study of combined socioeconomic factors can lead to important policy recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of socioeconomic factors on mental health of Iranian people. Materials and Methods: This analytical descriptive study was performed using data from 30 provinces of Iran from 2007 to 2011 and the effect of social and economic incentives on mental health of Iranian people was evaluated. All data were obtained from Statistical Center of Iran. In this study, the suicide rate was used as an indicator (proxy) of mental health. Generalized panel with fixed effects and taking into consideration the heteroscedasticity was used to estimate coefficients.Results: Coefficients for Iranian men and women are estimated and results are as follow: Enrolment rate 0.019 and -0.092, urbanization rate -0.34 and 0.11, unemployment rate 0.048 and 0.025, income inequality rate -0.37 and -0.06, crime rate 0.081 and 0.067 and inflation rate 0.074 and 0.022. All variables e men’s enrolment rate had significant relationship with suicide rates (P<0.01).Conclusion: Unemployment, crime and inflation rates and income inequality had significantly equal effect on suicide rate of men and women. The first three factors have negative and the fourth has positive effect and other factors (urbanization, divorce and enrolment rates) have distinguished effects.

Background and Objective: Conduct disorder is characterized with aggressive behaviors, deceitfulness or theft, destruction of property and serious violations of rules, prior to age 18 years. Attachment to God is a relationship with God that reveals aspects of individual thought. Secure attachment is associated with an increased ability to forgive. Various studies indicated the association between insecure attachment and delinquency and criminal behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attachment to God and forgiveness in adolescents with conduct disorder at Tehran reformatory.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The attachment to God and Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale--12-Item Form (TRIM-12), were completed by 60 adolescents between 14-18 years old with conduct disorder, with or without substance abuse disorders, and ADHD, at Tehran reformatory. Descriptive statistics and linear regression methods was used to analyze the data in SPSS-16.Results: The results showed that anxiety and avoidant attachments to God and avoidance and revenge motivations in adolescents with conduct disorder are high. A history of addiction, criminality, and mental disorders among family members predicted increasing avoidant attachment to God among this group of adolescents in the univariate model. Also, parental divorce and attention deficit-hyperactivity variables predicted increased revenge motivation in the univariate model, and unemployed father predicted avoidance motivation, in the multivariate model.Conclusion: There is a defect in the ability to forgive in adolescents with insecure attachment and conduct disorder, there are basic requirements for the design of interventions and spiritual treatment programs specifically for this group of adolescents.

Background and Objective: Diverse violence against women has several negative effects, especially after partum. Also, social supportive is one of the factors to enhance the mental health during this phase. Therefore, the aim of current study is to investigate the relationship between physical and emotional-verbal violence and social support with postpartum depression among women.Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive correlational. The population is comprised women with postpartum depression in Tehran city in the years of 2014-15. The 140 women with postpartum depression were selected in a purposed sampling. The measuring instruments are Edinburgh Postnatal Depression (EPDS), Scale methods of conflict in marital disputes (CTS-2) and perceived social support scale multi-dimensional (MSPSS). Data was analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions.Results: The results indicated that the relationship of total score of violence rate and postpartum depression are statistically significant (p<0.001), although there is not the significant relationship between the verbal- emotional violence and postpartum depression (p<0.001). Also, the total score of perceived social support and postpartum depression are statistically significant. In addition, violence and perceived social support can be predicted 16.9% and -0.319% of the variance of postpartum depression respectively.Conclusion: These findings emphasize that violence and lack of social support increase the occurrence of postpartum depression. Hence, it should be considered as risk factors in therapeutic intervention and postpartum depression prevention programs.