SALAMAT-I IJTIMAI (Community Health)
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Background and Objective: The prevalence of Internet addiction is increasing among students. To design preventive interventions and programs, understanding causes of Internet addiction is essential. The aim of the study was exploringfactors on internet addiction instudents of Sanandaj universities, using content analysis approach.Materials and Methods: In this qaulitative study was used a content analysis approach for data analysis. 15 students with internet addiction were chosen using Young internet addiction questionnaire of Sanandaj universities in 2015 year. 7 Face to face and semi-structured interviews and two focus groups were held to gather data. Interviews were recorded, taped and analyzed via the content analysis method. Validity and rigor of the data was obtained from criteria including credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability.Results: The analysis of qualitative data presented in four major themes: (1) internet features; (2) motives and internal needs; (3) sense of inability; and (4) environmental factors. The most important causes of Internet addiction was attributed to unemployment and lack of entertainment for the youth.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that causes of trend and dependence on Internet are not only positive and attractive features of Internet but are also individual, social, cultural and economical factors.

Background and Objective: Today, substance use problem is an important and critical problem in the world. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Problems Assessment for Substance Using Psychiatric Patients (PASUPP).Materials and Methods: Research was descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of all psychiatry patients with drug addiction in Tehran. The sample consisted of 381 patients (143 women and 238 men) were selected with a multi-stage cluster sampling of areas from drug rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The PASUPP, Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) and Relapse Prediction Scale (sPU) were used as instrument. In order to assess the first order confirmatory factor, the weighted lowest squares (WLS) and to assess the adequacy of the model to the data, the parameters of RMR, RMSEA, CFI, AGFI, GFI, c2, c2/ df & Dc2 were used.Results: The PASUPP was confirmed after the first time factor structure of using confirmatory factor analysis. The PASUPP had a good internal consistency (Cranach’s alpha, and the reliability of the test within a week, 88.0, 76.0). Also this scale had a positive correlation with Drug Abuse Screening Test and Relapse Prediction Scale which indicates its convergent validity.Conclusion: The overall results showed that the Problems Assessment for Substance Using Psychiatric Patients in Iranian society is valid. It can be said that self-report scale tool is useful for research purposes and addiction.

Background and Objective: Addiction is one of the most important social harms that endangers the individual, family and society health. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the role of family’s function in prediction of tendency to drugs among students.Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational. The population of this research included all the high school boy students in Karaj city in the academic year of 2013-14, which included 15000 students. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, the number of the sample was determined as 375 individuals, which were selected through a multistage cluster sampling. The data collection was performed through addiction potential scale of Weed, (APS) and family assessment devise (FAD) of Epstein et al. For analyzing the data, methods of Pearson correlation and step-by-stem regression were used, and the data were analyzed by using SPSS-18.Results: Findings showed that the components of problem-solving and affection expression have a negative and significant relationship with tendency to addiction (P>0.05). The results of step-by-step regression also indicated that the components of problem solving and affection expression explain 0.074 of the differences in tendency to addiction.Conclusion: The results showed that the component of problem solving and expressed emotions of family functioning variable have the ability to predict the tendency to addiction in students.

Background and Objective: The previous research has demonstrated that addiction treatment services for women need to be based on knowledge of female psychological needs. Therefore, the aim of current study is to compare body image, quality of sleep and marital satisfaction among substance abuser and non-substance abuser women.Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive comparative research. 200 women including 100 substance abuser women and 100 non-substance abuser women were chosen through convenience method in Arak in 2015. The measuring instruments were Fisher body image scale (1970), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (1989) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (1989). Data was analyzed utilizing t independent.Results: The results showed that there is the significant difference between marital satisfaction (P=0.001) and quality of sleep (P=0.001) among substance abuser and non-substance abuser women. Additionally, the significant difference was not observed between body image (P= 0.31) among these two groups.Conclusion: These findings emphasized that substance use decreases the quality of sleep and marital satisfaction in women. Hence, it should be considered these factors in process of therapeutic intervention in substance abuser women.

Background and Objective: Adjustment between couples affects different aspects of life including mental and physical health. This study aimed to investigate the moderator role of ego strength in the relationship between attachment styles and levels of marital adjustment.Materials and Methods: A total of 300 married individuals (150 men, 150 women) participated in this study. Participants completed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire, Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State and Ego Strength Scale.Results: Secure attachment style (P<0.005, r=-0.289) and ego strength (P<0.005, r=-0.427) have positive significant relationship with marital adjustment; avoidant (P<0.005, r=0.302) and ambivalent (P<0.005, r=0.251) attachment styles have negative significant relationship with marital attachment. The results showed that ego strength had moderator role only in relationship between avoidant attachment style and marital adjustment (P=0.039). Couples who had avoidant attachment style in their families, had less ego strength, they had low level of marital adjustment and if they had higher levels of ego strength, their marital adjustment would be higher too. Therefore, research findings showed that attachment styles and ego strength can predict marital adjustment.Conclusion: Research showed that attachment styles and ego strength can predict marital adjustment.

Background and Objective: Today health perpectives has been changing widly. Now social determinants of health are more influence in disease rather than biological causes. If these determinants being ignored, achievement to health Golas would be impossible. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between Social determinants of health and access to health care in GonbadKavoos.Materials and Methods: This study was a correlation and cross-sectional. The populations were urban residents of GonbadKavoos, and the sample size was four hundred households, and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. For statistical analyze between variables these tests were used: independent sample test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA.Results: Among determinants of health, the variables like: socio-economic status of household (P<0.0001), educational level of household breadwinner (P<0.0001), family dimension (P<0.018), employment (P<0.003), residential area (P<0.001), access to internet (P<0.0001), doing exercise (P<0.0001), and having insurance (P<0.0001), had significant relationship with access to health care, spatially dental services and periodical checkup.Conclusion: Social determinants of health have very important relationship with access to health care. Then to decline these inequities in access to health care, development of social and economic equality for all people is so crucial.

Background and Objective: Anticipating future incidence of cancer would have a fundamental role in cancer planning and policy making in upcoming years. Therefore regarding to present situation and anticipating future trends affecting the upcoming 10 years such as demographic transition and changing of related risk factors, it is necessary to outline the cancer situation in the next 10 years.Materials and Methods: Our study based on a review approach and existing fore sighting documents, especially GLOBOCAN 2012 and study of “projection of burden of diseases in Iran to 2025”, projects cancer situation of Iran in 2025.Results: According to modeling and due to trend of demographic change and promoting life expectancy in Iran, incidence of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancers) will increase from 84800 in 2012 to 129700 in 2025. Actulally there will be a 35% rise in cancer incidence. The percentage of cancer incidence rise will be 33% in males (from 44838 patients in 2012 to 66642 in 2025) and 37% in females (from 39991 in 2012 to 63067 in 2025). A 52% increase in cancer incidence will be related to people younger than 65 and 48% to people above 65 years old. The increasing rate will be 34% for breast cancer, 37% for colorectal, 37% for lung, 38% for stomach, 39% for esophageal cancers, and 28% for leukemia.Conclusion: The increase in cancer incidence percentage till 2025 in Iran is Significant in compare with the world. This increasing rate is much less in Europe. It should be mentioned that the trend of non-communicable risk factors such as physical inactivity; overweight and obesity; and smoking is undesirable and lack of attention to control of these factors leads to more problematic situation in future.