Journal of Diabetes Nursing
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Disorders in metabolic adjustment associated with diabetes mellitus lead to significant cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training on fasting blood glucose control and plasma lipid profile of male patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 male patients with type II diabetes mellitus with mean age of 45. 5± 3. 5 years. Participants were selected via purposive sampling and randomly divided into three groups of 10, including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and control. Aerobic exercises and resistance training were performed three times a week for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters of the patients were measured before and after the intervention. Changes in the measured parameters were analyzed using paired T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the significance level of P≤ 0. 05. Results: By the end of the eight-week period of intervention, a significant reduction was observed in fasting blood glucose, while a significant increase was observed in plasma high-density lipoproteins in patients of aerobic exercise and resistance training groups (P≤ 0. 05). Moreover, plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein had a significant reduction in patients of the resistance training group only (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aerobic exercise and resistance trainings could be effective in controlling the blood glucose and improving the lipid profile in male patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is recommended that diabetic patients be provided with proper exercises in order to control fasting blood glucose and lipid profile after consultation with a physician.

Introduction: Spouse selection criteria in women with type II diabetes are affected by several psychological variables, the most important of which are perfectionism and irrational beliefs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and irrational beliefs regarding the criteria of spouse selection in women with type II diabetes in Mashhad city, Iran. Methodology: This descriptive, analytical, correlational study was conducted on 275 women with type II diabetes referring to the healthcare centers of Mashhad city, Iran in 2015. Participants were selected via simple random sampling and all of them completed the questionnaires of perfectionism, irrational beliefs, and spouse selection criteria. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 19 using Pearson’ s correlation-coefficient and multivariate regression analysis using the ENTER method. Results: In this study, positive perfectionism had significant correlations with the content criteria (r=0. 37) and process criteria (r=0. 29) of spouse selection among women with type II diabetes. However, significant negative correlations were observed between negative perfectionism with content criteria (r=-0. 41) and process criteria (r=-0. 25), as well as irrational beliefs with content criteria (r=-0. 34) and process criteria (r=-0. 23). Moreover, positive and negative perfectionism and irrational beliefs could predict 38. 4% of the content criteria variance, as well as 29. 1% of the process criteria variance of spouse selection, in women with type II diabetes (P<0. 01). Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that family counselors, clinical psychologists, and therapists attempt to improve the content and process criteria of spouse selection in women with type II diabetes through enhancing positive perfectionism and diminishing negative perfectionism and irrational beliefs.

Introduction: Control of chronic diabetes is associated with several factors, one of the most important of which is psychological parameters of the patients. Personality traits are considered a subcategory of psychological factors, which are remarkably effective in the management of diabetic patients. Given the rising prevalence of type II diabetes, this study aimed to compare the personality traits of type II diabetic patients and healthy individuals. Methodology: This causal-comparative (post-event) study was conducted on adult type II diabetic patients (age range: 25-60 years) and their families referring to the Diabetes Center of Hamadan city, Iran. Using non-random purposive sampling, 91 patients were selected for the study. In total, 44 participants were diagnosed with type II diabetes, and 47 healthy individuals were enrolled based on the inclusion criteria of the study. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 1992). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA). Results: Our findings indicated that among the five personality traits, components of neuroticism and openness had significant differences between type II diabetic patients and healthy individuals (P<0. 001). However, no significant differences were observed in components of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness between healthy subjects and patients with type II diabetes (P>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, personality traits could be considered as contributing factors or intensifiers of type II diabetes.

Introduction: General health of patients with type II diabetes is affected by several psychological variables, the most important of which are social capital and psychological hardiness. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between social capital and psychological hardiness with the general health of patients with type II diabetes. Methodology: This correlational, descriptive study was conducted on all the patients with type II diabetes referring to the healthcare center of Pakdasht city, Iran in 2015. In total, 120 diabetic patients were selected via simple random sampling. All the participants completed prepared questionnaires of social capital, psychological hardiness, and general health. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 19 using Pearson’ s correlation-coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. Results: In this study, a negative significant correlation was observed between social capital (r=-0. 47) and psychological hardiness (r=-0. 34) with the general health of patients with type II diabetes. In a predictive model for social capital and psychological hardiness, researchers could predict 37. 2% of the changes in the general health of type II diabetic patients, in which social capital was reported to have the higher share compared to psychological hardiness (P≤ 0. 01). Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that counselors and therapists improve the general health of patients with type II diabetes through increasing their social capital and psychological hardiness. Furthermore, health planners must consider the signs of these variables and develop appropriate general health promotion programs accordingly for these patients.

Introduction: Chronic disorders persist for a long period, adversely affecting the ability of the patients to function normally. As an important personality dimension, promotion of psychological adjustment plays a pivotal role in the acknowledgement of emotions by patients with chronic diseases. This study aimed to compare the six main personality dimensions based on the HEXACO model in diabetic and normal individuals. Methodology: This causal-comparative research was conducted using the post-event evaluation method on all the patients with type II diabetes in Bonab city, Iran in 2014. From the sample population, 41 diabetic patients were selected via purposive sampling and matched with 42 healthy individuals in terms of age, gender, and education level. For data collection, both groups completed the 100-item HEXACO questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 21. Results: According to the results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), diabetic patients had higher irritability (F=4. 87, P<0. 05) and lower compatibility (F=9. 61, P<0. 01) compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the dimensions of extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and honesty-humility. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, personality dimensions are associated with several chronic diseases, including diabetes. Diabetes has a negative impact on different personality dimensions of the patients, as in this study, diabetic patients were found to have higher irritability and lower compatibility compared to healthy individuals.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is the most common medical disorder during pregnancy. Presence or diagnosis of any glucose intolerance during pregnancy is defined as gestational diabetes. Monitoring and treatment of gestational diabetes during pregnancy are essential to the prevention of maternal and neonatal complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gestational diabetes among pregnant women in Zabol city, Iran. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 363 pregnant women with gestational age of 24-28 weeks referring to the healthcare centers of Zabol city, Iran in 2015. Pregnant women with history of diabetes before pregnancy, pregnancy termination before week 24 of gestation, use of medications affecting glucose metabolism (e. g., steroids), and chronic liver, endocrine, and connective tissue disorders were enrolled in this study. Required data were collected using researchermade questionnaires. To measure blood glucose before and one/two hours after glucose use, 75-gram glucose tolerance test was performed on the pregnant women with no history of diabetes and gestational age of 23-24 weeks. Gestational diabetes was defined in the presence of one of the following factors: fasting blood sugar≥ 92 mg/dl, one-hour glucose≥ 180 mg/dl, and two-hour glucose≥ 153 mg/dl. Results: Out of 363 pregnant women, 17 cases (4. 7%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Among the studied risk factors, maternal age and body mass index were observed to be associated with higher risk of gestational diabetes (P<0. 05). However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the employment status, education level, and history of hypertension with gestational diabetes. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, prevalence of gestational diabetes was at an average rate among the pregnant women in Zabol city. Therefore, it is recommended that selective monitoring be performed on this population based on the risk factors of the disease.

Introduction: Diabetic patients are at a high risk of nephropathy, which is known to impose physical, emotional, psychological, and economic burden on the patients, their families, and society. Moreover, nephropathy hinders the treatment of diabetic patients leading to several complications. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of proteinuria in patients with type II diabetes. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Taleghani Hospital of Kermanshah city, Iran in 2014. Data were collected from diabetic patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >60 through the evaluation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 21. Results: In this study, HDL cholesterol (OR=0. 96, P=0. 001) and gender (OR=0. 36, P=0. 001) were observed to be significant predictors of the incidence of proteinuria. However, factors such as age, duration of diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, TG, LDL, and anemia were not significant predictors of proteinuria in this model (P>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, gender and HDL cholesterol level are effective in the incidence of proteinuria in patients with type II diabetes and GFR of >60. Therefore, early detection and examination of this factor could delay the progression of nephropathy and be used in the implementation of interventional programs to manage the complications of diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the major and real stress in life that is controlled by a Several factors Including the behavioral factors, Mental disorder And reduce stress in patients can Person in self-help and better control of disease, so this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and Self-Efficacy in diabetic patients. Methodology: This study is a descriptive correlational study. 100 diabetic patients were selected by Simple random. Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (CIDS) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) were applied to obtain data. To analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistical analyses including Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Results: The findings of this study showed a significant correlation between Self-Efficacy and mental health of diabetic patients (P<0. 0001, r=-0. 68). The linear regression results showed that mental health predicts 34 % of variance in Self-Efficacy. Conclusion: The results indicated that increased mental health improves Self-Efficacy of the diabetic patients which, in turn, aides individuals to encounter their problems.