JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Year:2022 | Volume:11 | Issue:20|Papers Count:12

Infertility is one of the issues human societies have always coped with from past to today, and as the human societies have advanced and industrialized, the risks of infertility have grown, too. Solutions have been proposed for this issue through new biological technologies, however, the same solutions have also created challenges that ignoring them could lead to horrible social and moral disasters. The depth of the issue revealed through the views of the great scholar, Fukuyama, is a critical warning for the future of human nature. Fukuyama has actually evaluated these challenges basically beyond what we know as human society and directed at human nature; however, the truth is that such technological solutions will create social and cultural holes in any society before their ever-growing byproducts reveal themselves throughout the world. In the current research, we have reviewed and evaluated the issue based on Fukuyama’s views and theories but with a local look at the matter. This research suggests that according to Iran’s cultural, social, and ethical backgrounds, the lack of observation in exchanges, including technological ones, and also non-transparency in Iran’s law system, applying such technological solutions in Iran have created new emerging challenges and demands the special attention of researchers and professional experts in social and behavioral sciences more than ever.

Unemployment is one of the major socio-economic problems that can have irreparable economic and social consequences and is one of the main reasons for economic and social problems. Meanwhile, the unemployment of young people and especially university graduates is of double importance due to the economic and social costs that have been incurred for their education. In this article, the factors affecting the unemployment of the graduates of Islamic Azad Universities in the west of Mazandaran province have been investigated. For this purpose, a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire tool were used to collect information. The statistical population of the current research consists of all university graduates of humanities fields in the western universities of Mazandaran province in the years 2018-2019. 352 of them participated in this study by cluster sampling method. According to the descriptive findings, 69.3% were employed and 30.7% were unemployed. 24% of the respondents were self-employed. 19.3% of all employees were working in the government sector and 16.7% were working in the non-government sector, 30.7% were unemployed and 11.3% were studying in higher education. The results of this research showed that unemployment was observed in women, single people, people with lower education and at younger ages. In addition, the results indicate the direct and significant impact of social factors (population growth, social inequality and expansion of urbanization) and economic factors (high inflation rate, inability of graduates to invest, lack of skill training and low level of demand for graduates). It has been on the unemployment of graduates. Therefore, in order to control the unemployment of university graduates, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive plan with the cooperation of the Ministry of Science and implement it with the cooperation of various institutions.

Although the development of science and technology speeding up during last years, still superstition play a role in people believe and behaviors. Since superstitious beliefs may result in wrong solution and harm people, they are considered as unfavorable social behavior. It seems that superstitious beliefs widespread among people through informal socialization ways (family and mass media). The present study designed to investigate the role of these factors in people superstitious beliefs. For this propose, by using random sampling and questionnaire, superstitious beliefs of 400 persons who live in Mashhad were assessed. The results of this study showed that believe in superstition was highly reliable (α> 0.95). Furthermore, the finding of the current study confirmed the initial assumption which there was a significant correlation between tendency to superstition and tendency to “other important people”. In addition, the persons who follow informative media had less tendency to superstition rather than persons who follow entertainment media. Thereby, it is suggested to weaken superstitious beliefs in society, we should focus more on content of entertainment media in addition to re- socialization of family.

The most important characteristic of any culture is its acquisition and the notion of the interactions of society members in its production and reproduction. Sometimes these interactions can be formed to fight corruption, and sometimes to accept corrupt behaviors and ignoring them; a matter that shall cause the stigma of corruption will be disappeared and institutionalized in the society that is known as the culture of corruption. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of the culture of corruption among the people of Najaf Abad city, Isfahan, and also to explain the reason for its formation. This research was carried out quantitatively via survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire approach. A multi-stage random sampling scheme was used in this study with a sample size of 370 people. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS and Smart PLS software. The statistical analysis showed that the three components of the disappearance of the stigma of corruption, the unwillingness to disclose corruption and the acceptance of corruption as the norm, constitute the different aspects of the culture of corruption. Hypotheses tests also showed that the independent variables of collectivism, citizenship culture, disclosure culture, and gender equality had a negative effect on people’s desire for corruption culture, and they explained a total of 45.2% of the variance of corruption culture. The increasing trend of corruption in Iran and its negative consequences create the concern that ugliness of corrupt practices will disappear and therefore, corruption will become a cultural feature as they become normalized and accepted. According to the findings of this study, by raising the spirit of collectivism and reducing self-centered tendencies among people, it is possible to familiarize them with the duties and responsibilities of citizenship, fight against gender inequalities, support whistleblowers of corruption, and also encourage them to prevent the formation of a culture of corruption.

Culture is the distinguishing factor of human societies and groups. And we can talk about culture and specific cultural identity. The acceptance of immigrants from different ethnicities has caused cultural diversity as well as cultural particularism in the city of Hamadan. That the reactions of immigrants and native citizens and the effect on different cultural and social fields are its consequences. The research was conducted with the aim of sociological study of cultural particularism among the citizens of Hamedan and its causes and factors. This research was conducted with a survey strategy and Structural Equation Model analysis method. The mean cultural particularism among the citizens of Hamedan is close to average. Also, the particularism of young people is less than that of older people, and the particularism of native citizens is more than that of immigrants. The degree of cultural particularism of citizens varies with different levels of education and in different ethnicities. Based on the analysis of SEM, the hypotheses of the research are confirmed and indicate the significant effect of globalization, traditionalism, religiosity, Cyberspace, migration, education, social trust, feeling of relative deprivation, socioeconomic status and ethnicity on cultural particularism. which explain a total of 65% of the variance of cultural particularism. According to the research results and related theories, we cannot expect cultural homogeneity in the multi-ethnic city of Hamedan with subcultures. On the other hand, the dialectical process of globalization has caused the simultaneous existence of specific and general cultures.

McDonaldization is a way in which social actions and ways of organizing are increasingly driven by hyperrationality. And the persistence of hyperrationality provides producers, consumers, and managers with more efficient, computable, predictable, and controlled means to achieve their goals. In this study, the four principles of McDonaldization in relation to changes in the health system are examined. Findings indicate that conscious or unconscious macdonalization of the health care system has affected the health system in different ways and has caused the health care system to revolve around four principles of efficiency, calcutability, predictability and inhumane technologies. To take. Efficiency has led to the formation of minute clinics, completion of questionnaires by patients, extended use of medical assistants, robotic surgery and short visit with physicians. Based on the principle of calculability of receiving health care by patients is a function of cost and financial return to the system and issues such as length of stay and patient admission are considered. The principle of predictability has also caused the whole treatment process from the patient to enter the medical centers to leave it, according to a precise and pre-predicted instruction, which has led to more pressure on physicians to treat all patients equally. Based on the principle of control, nonhumane technologies have begun to become more involved in health care. Electronic medical records have controlled interactions between physicians and patients, and the replacement of technology has eliminated customer satisfaction and increased inefficiency.

This article studies the value and attitude changes in the generational transition of the last two decades in Iran. Its theoretical and conceptual approach is based on Inglehart’s post-modernization theory, cultural globalization, and social constructivism theory. Methodologically, the study was conducted using the documentary method and secondary analysis, and it is also one of the longitudinal studies that tries to measure the value changes in Iranian society in the 20-year generational transition, based on the 4th and 7th wave data in the World Values Survey (WVS). The findings indicate that there has been no change in some values and attitudes, in the 20-year generational transition, and in others, there are generational differences, although these changes does not follow a general pattern. In the past, topics such as “friends” and today, such as “leisure” and “politics” have become more important. As much as egalitarian gender attitudes, democratic political culture, and liberal tendencies are seen in one generation, so are patriarchal, non-democratic and Socialist values seen in that generation. Nevertheless, there are signs of value inversion in this generational transition.

Due to the high statistics of cosmetic surgery in Iran in the Middle East, many internal types of research in the field of sociology concerning the tendency to cosmetic surgery have been conducted among different groups and with different methods. Since, these investigations are single and scattered, the present study aims to use the meta-analysis method to analyze and combine the results of studies on the tendency to cosmetic surgery in Iran. The research method of this article is meta-analysis. To perform a meta-analysis, 55 authoritative scientific articles that were published between the years (2001-2011) on the subject of cosmetic surgery in Iran, and they were suitable for this analysis, were selected and analyzed using the second version of CMA software. The results showed that the “inferiority feeling” had the greatest effect on the tendency to cosmetic surgery (r = 0.59). So, the effect size is positive and strong. After that, the most influential factors on the tendency to cosmetic surgery were normative pressure, negative body image, reference group, media, and body management with positive and moderate effect sizes, respectively. This study has emphasized the effectiveness of sociological variables on the subject.

Human power is very important in organizations. Productivity, effectiveness and development of organizations depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources of that organization, so one of the important issues that should be considered in any organization is job satisfaction and satisfaction of employees of that organization. Because it can directly lead to organizational development. In order to realize the productivity of human resources in the organizational field, the necessary solutions must be identified. One of the effective solutions is to pay attention to the intellectual capital of the organization and the job satisfaction of the employees. The present study investigates the factors affecting job satisfaction among employees of the Bojnourd Education Department. In this study, Herzberg motivational-health theory was used as a theoretical framework that health factors include: uniformity at work, salaries and benefits, organizational hierarchy, relationships in the workplace and access and power, as well as motivational factors including: job category, job category And the type of employment, this research is done by survey method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by a group of experts in this field. The statistical population of the study includes the staff of the Education Department of Bojnourd (250 people). The statistical sample in this study is 150 employees of this organization, the sampling method was simple random. Based on the results, salaries and the level of power and access of individuals have played a major role in increasing job satisfaction of employees. With increasing salaries and access and power of people, the level of job satisfaction of employees increases.

This paper examines the phenomenon of dollar selling in Sabzeh-Meydan (green square), near Tehran Bazaar. Dollar sellers exhibit and introduce some interesting elements to the economic activities around Bazaar that are fit to be dealt with from a cultural studies point of view. The phenomenon of dollar selling is a unique event in terms of its content; in other words, there are layers of power and resistance behind the phenomenon of selling dollars, which is tried here to be carefully examined. This research uses the ethnographic method to collect its data.  The data in fact come from participatory observation. To collect data an emphasis was placed on document collection, direct observation in the field, and conducting semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 11 samples in the field, and the following results were obtained using the theories of Bourdieu and related theorists in the field of cultural studies. The data analysis and interpretation show that dollar-selling practice and exhibit a resistance but rather a cultural resistance in the field.  Regardless of the business values involved, dollar sellers in Sabzeh-Meydan express an independent identity, and by showing lifestyle they are trying to express resistance against the dominant cultural values of Tehran’s Bazaar. In addition, dollar sellers redefine themselves in relation to the government and refuse to accept the dominant patterns of economic behavior set forth by the government.

In today’s society, according to experts, men are the secret customers of the beauty industry and beauty centers with which they manage and build their identity. For this purpose, the present study is a qualitative study on the construction of identity and identity management strategies of men in Yazd in beauty centers. The data of this study were collected through in-depth interviews and Hermeneutic phenomenological method was used to analyze them. Using theoretical and purposeful sampling method, 25 Yazdi men were interviewed and finally, the collected data were coded and analyzed in the form of 11 themes. The results show that the participating men believe that beauty is a good tool for managing and achieving the desired identity. Their understanding and interpretation of attending beauty salons are shown in three themes: sexual competition, coping style and metacognitive strategy. To this end, men have introduced their new identities to everyone through self-efficacy, self-ideal, self-perfection, and self-worth. Finally, they have managed their identities using empathy, character building, modelling, and art strategies.

The main purpose of the research is to study the effective factors of tendency to superstition among citizens. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis, the statistical population of which is 23 documents, of which 18 studies were selected due to the survey and being related to the research problem, compliance with quality and validity, non-probability sampling method from the scientific database of Nurmagz, Jihad Dhanshi, Mag-Iran and Iran has been docked. The results show that there is a relationship between social (0.135), cultural (0.204), psychological (0.365) and economic (0.478) factors with superstition tendency and their total effect was equal to 19. Also, Q test and funnel plot confirmed the existence of heterogeneity (variance) between studies. To check it, contextual variables were considered as moderator variables. The results of the moderator study show that ethnic identity has an effect on superstition tendency and its overall effect is equal to 0.13%. This rate has been higher among Ler and Turks than other ethnic groups. In terms of gender, women are more prone to superstition than men, and the reason for this is the psychological, physical and social difference between men and women in society. Also, football players are less inclined to superstitions and general citizens are more prone to superstitions. From the point of view of the place of life (biospatial-geographic), the residents of the village environment are more interested and willing to explain things with superstitions. The reason for this is geographical isolation, low cultural capital, localism, and people’s compatibility with their traditional and historical norms regarding social affairs.