Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2024 | Volume:23 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

No Abstract

Background and Objectives: Mental retardation refers to a type of disability that is identified before the age of 17 due to a significant limitation of a person's cognitive functions, social skills, and compromise. Vocational training and career counseling, by guiding and developing the abilities of mentally retarded people, nurture them for an independent and compatible life in a way that they have a suitable job environment according to their abilities and talents. The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of vocational training on social skills and cognitive abilities of educable mentally retarded male students. Materials and Methods: The current research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was all male students aged 13-17 years old with educational disabilities in Ahvaz City in 2021-2022. Sampling was done by multi-stage random method and 30 male students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The students of the experimental group received a professional training program for 45 minutes in 20 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using Gresham and Elliot’s Social Skills Scale Tools and Nejati’s Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed a significant increase in the average score of social skills and cognitive abilities in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase (p<0. 001). Also, the largest effect size was related to the variable of social skills (0. 667). Conclusion: The present study showed that the intervention based on the educational profession was effective on the social skills and cognitive abilities of the mentally retarded students. Therefore, using the educational methods can be helpful in improving the fuctional characteristics of these people.

Background and Objectives: Social anxiety is one of the most common disorders in adolescents. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on behavioral brain systems, self-efficacy, and rumination of adolescent girls with social anxiety disorder. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included girls aged 12 to 18 years with social anxiety in Tehran City in academic year 2023. Using convenience sampling 30 people were selected and randomly assigned into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group participated in ACT for 8 sessions twice a week for 90 minutes, but the control group received no training. In this research, Nolen and Hoeksma's Rumination Questionnaire, Scherer et al. 's Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and Carver and Whait’s Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire were used for pre-test and post-test evaluation. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results indicated that ACT had a significant effect on the reduction of rumination (Eta=0. 49, F=26. 91, p<0. 001), and improvement of self-efficacy (Eta=0. 61, F=43. 56, p<0. 001) and brain behavioral system (Eta=0. 32, F=12. 71, p<0. 001) in adolescent girls of Tehran City. Conclusion: It seems that treatment based on ACT had a good effect on rumination, self-efficacy, and brain-behavioral systems of teenage girls suffering from social anxiety. It is recommended to use ACT method in counseling centers to improve the health of adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Background and Objectives: Anxiety sensitivity changes the process of lifestyle and health literacy efficacy in psychosocial adjustment with COVID-19. Therefore, the present search aimed to study the model of psychosocial adjustment with COVID-19 based on lifestyle and health literacy in patients after vaccination with the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population was all vaccinated individuals with COVID-19 referred to remedial centers in 2022 in Shahr Babak. Two-hundred and fifty participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Research instruments were Lali et al’s (2012) Life Style, Montazeri et al’s (2014) Health Literacy, Reiss et al’s (1995) Anxiety Sensitivity, and Derogatis’s (1986) Psychosocial Adjustment. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test and structural equations modelling. Results: The positive and significant correlation of lifestyle, health literacy, and anxiety sensitivity with psychosocial adjustment were 0. 630, 0. 577 and 0. 689, respectively, and the negative and significant correlation of lifestyle and health literacy with anxiety sensitivity were-0. 480 and-0. 440, respectively (p<0. 001). The structural model of psychosocial adjustment with COVID-19 based on lifestyle and health literacy with the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity had a good fit (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Anxiety sensitivity mediates in the relationship between lifestyle and health literacy and psychosocial adjustment. It is recommended to professionals of COVID-19 therapy, in order to increase psychosocial adjustment of individuals after vaccination, to pay attention to the role of lifestyle and health literacy of individuals and decrease their anxiety using educational and counseling programs.

Background and Objectives: Domestic violence during pregnancy poses a serious threat to the physical, mental, and emotional health of both the mother and the fetus. Ultimately, it also jeopardizes the overall health and structure of society. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between domestic violence during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women residing in Rafsanjan City. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, data collection was performed through a three-part questionnaire, which included demographic information, domestic violence experiences, and infant outcomes. The sample size for the case group (comprising individuals with at least one neonatal outcome) was determined to be 20 people. To achieve this number, interviews were conducted with 211 pregnant women who visited Niknafs Maternity Hospital in Rafsanjan during 2019 and 2020. For each case subject, three individuals without any neonatal outcomes matched in terms of age and number of children, were selected as controls (60 people in total). The obtained data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Out of the control group, 13 individuals (21. 7%) and out of the case group, 10 individuals (50%) experienced violence during pregnancy (p=0. 015). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for the spouse's age, the odds of experiencing at least one neonatal outcome were 3. 29 times higher in mothers who were subjected to violence during pregnancy compared to those who were not (p=0. 036). Conclusion: According to the current study, it can be concluded that domestic violence leads to an increase in pregnancy-related consequences and complications. Consequently, it is crucial to implement intervention programs and raise awareness to address this issue effectively.

Background and Objectives: Hyperlordosis (HL) is an excessive increase in the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, which is known as one of the causes of the prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP). It seems that performing specialized exercises to reduce this angle can help improve patients with chronic back pain. This study aims to determine the effect of Egoscue exercises and the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) exercises along with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver (ADIM) on pain and lordosis angle in women with CLBP. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted in Qom City in 2024. Seventy-five women with CLBP and HL participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into one control and two experimental groups of Egoscue and NASM exercises along with ADIM (25 people in either group). Exercises in the intervention groups were performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. During this time, the control group had their usual life routine. Lordosis angle, pain, disability, quality of life, kinesiophobia, body awareness, and pain self-efficacy were evaluated at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks, using a flexible ruler, Visual Analog, McGill, Roland-Morris, SF-36, Tampa, Body Awareness, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaires, respectively. Discussion: Comparing the effectiveness of different exercise methods at different times can help improve women with CLBP and HL by identifying the most effective exercises in the shortest time.

After exploring the functions mentioned above, it is important to update the system to meet future needs. This viewpoint may lead us to suggest the following: 1) Designing a comprehensive and integrated system for health service delivery at all levels to implement the family physician. 2) Creating separate sub-organizations to reduce the risk of conflict of interest in the healthcare system and allow the family physician to work more agilely: a) a center for disease control (CDC), b) a center for monitoring and evaluation, and validation, and c) division for health promotion and life style modification. 3) Fundamentally improving and updating databases and electronic platforms.