JOURNAL OF CRITICAL LITERATURE AND HUMANITIES
Year:2023 | Volume:23 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

The book “Usule elme servate melal ya’ni economiypolitik” (Principles of the Wealth of Nations, Namely Économie Politique), translated by Mohammad Ali Foroughi, known as Zoka-ul-Molk (the second), is the first scientific book in the field of economics in Iran. As a result, after its republication in recent decades, it has received more attention and reflection from an economic perspective. However, its political implications have been overlooked, especially considering that this work was published in the discursive conflict of the constitutional era. The present article seeks to revisit the book in question by employing Michel Foucault's ideas regarding the relationship between political economy and governmentality from a historical sociological perspective. It aims to analyze the book's political implications and address the question of whether the translation and publication of this work can be considered evidence of the formation of an "economic-political discourse" in Iran. After examining the main themes of the book and its implications for politics and governance, the article responds to the aforementioned question by stating that although Paul Beauregard wrote the book “Économie Politique” within the "discourse of political economy" in France, Mohammad Ali Foroughi translated it in Iran during the dominance of the "legal discourse" of the constitutional era. Therefore, the translation and publication of this book cannot be regarded as an example of an "economic-political discourse" in Iran.

The present research was conducted with the aim of criticizing the book "Introductions to Educational Technology". In this regard, using the educational critical research method, the book written by Khadija Aliabadi, 16th edition of 2019, was criticized. The tool for data collection was the academic textbook review worksheet of the Council for the Review of Texts and Books of Human Sciences. After receiving and completing the sample sheets, the qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the advantages of the book include appropriate design in terms of volume and shape, calligraphy, good quality of printing and binding, smooth text and simplicity of content, compatibility with Iranian Islamic values, and use of reliable scientific sources. Also, the results showed the shortcomings of the form and content of the book including the oldness of the content and resources, especially in the section related to media, lack of coverage of the latest topics considered by the Ministry of Science, weakness in analyzing and criticizing the content, lack of innovation and creativity in content design and coverage, being free of common scientific content in the field of educational technology.

The present study criticizes the book “Foundations of Curriculum Planning of Elementary Education” by Musapour with a descriptive and analytical approach in two dimensions of form and content. In order to analyze, the method of criticism was used which is based on the "guidelines for preparing critical articles for scientific research publications, critical research papers of humanities texts and programs". After the general introduction of the work, in the first step, the points and shortcomings of the book's shape and form dimensions were pointed out. In this context, the book's cover and design, the analysis of the book's editing and writing rules, and the list of sources and sources were examined respectively. In this context, respectively attention was paid to the description, analysis, and content criticism of the book and the strengths and weaknesses of its content dimensions. In this context, respectively the appropriateness of the title and table of contents with the content of the book, the separation of the chapters of the book, and the organization and coherence of the content and presentation of the content were investigated. It was also analyzed for its novelty and applicability of the content. In the end, it can be stated that the content of the book failed to meet the reader's expectations by emphasizing the three features of the basics of lesson planning, familiarity with the lesson planning of elementary education, and practicality, and it has provided suggestions to improve the work.

The purpose of this study is to review the book “Theoretical Foundations of Educational Technology” authored by Dr. Hashem Fardanesh. For this reason, the book's two dimensions of form and content have been critically explored. Observance of writing and spelling rules, fluency of the text, English-Persian dictionary, and thematic index can be considered as the apparent advantages of the mentioned work. However, providing a preface, stating the main purpose of the work, introduction, and objectives of each chapter, summarizing, questions to evaluate the audience and more appropriate design of the cover can help make it more desirable in appearance. In terms of content, this work has advantages such as logical order and internal coherence, attention to the basics of this field, appropriate phrase choices, and attention to credible sources. Update the definition of educational technology, and provide content related to the concepts of systems, learning, and performance; Uniformity of citation style, clearer presentation of some drawers, and appropriate styling of titles can enrich this book's content. In general, this work is a valuable work for the initial acquaintance with the theoretical foundations of educational technology, and to some extent, it can acquaint the readers with the general and basic frameworks of this field.

Understanding and critical analysis of Karl Schmitt's political philosophy is possible only when we question the relationship between theology and politics and open a path to enter his project. The same direction is followed in this article. After presenting this introduction, referring to the fundamental question of Schmitt's project, that is, what is the concept of political affairs and how is it possible in the modern era, we criticized the concept of political affairs according to the position he adopted in this treatise and more in the treatise on political theology. Finally, in this article, we showed that despite the effects that Schmitt's theological understanding had on his understanding of the concept of political affairs, he could not have an active relationship with it. In other words, the two projects of political theology and the concept of the political affair remain two projects for Schmitt and could not lead to a single understanding of politics. According to Schmitt, although theology is present in the historical nature of politics, it is neither necessary nor has an obvious effect on the inner understanding of politics.

Hegemony and socialist strategy; towards radical democratic politics of Laclau and Moff (1985), in the face of the confusion of the new left proposed the theory of radical democracy. This theory is progressive in at least two respects: 1. Democracy based on antagonistic politics. Laclau and Muoffe stated that controversy is a part of politics and hegemony is the only way to control it, but in contingent situations, the demands of opposing discourses can be articulated around an empty signifier and a new hegemony can replace previous hegemony. This process opens the way beyond Hobbesian pessimistic realism (and its authoritarianism) and Kant's moral idealism (and its conciliatory democracy); 2- Positive postmodernism in the form of the idea of ​​post-fundamentalism. By accepting open and temporary hegemony, Laclau and Muoffe not only supported pluralism and its accompanying particularism, but also established an authority (reference) for political decisions and actions, thus it moves beyond universal fundamentalism to the Habermasian type and specifical anti-fundamentalism to the Deleuze type. The former implies accepting the authority of reason to eliminate differences in the process of communicative action, and the latter implies the separation of minorities from the majority and the rejection of any general authority for political action. Nevertheless, there are still fundamental criticisms of Laclau and Muoffe's intellectual project, including the superiority of the political over the economic and the social; the weakness of the subject's action; Western-centerism, and the Tendency to neo-Kantian transcendence.

Communitarianism and its serious critique of liberal discourse is one of the most important issues in contemporary political philosophy. The book "An Introduction to the Debate of Liberals and Communitarians in Contemporary Political Philosophy" is responsible for analyzing this important issue. One of the strengths of the present book is to address an almost novel subject in the field of political philosophy that has been less studied independently, especially in Persian sources. The authors' emphasis on Paul Ricoeur's method as "text-based hermeneutics" gives them a considerable opportunity to examine and read the works of political thought. However, there are some objections to the book. First, the writers have not paid attention to the results of this conflict and the effects or, in other words, the changes that have resulted from the conflict in contemporary political philosophy. Second, the authors did not pay attention to the influence of Wittgenstein II's views on the content of the political philosophy of communitarianism. The authors also attribute a leadership role to McIntyre, but little attention has been paid to Sandel's very important position. Also, considering that the axis of the dispute was justice, it was appropriate that the axes explained in the book in this regard be finally referred to the issue of justice.

Researchers consider four foundations for employee compensation, including job status, individual status, membership, and performance. Building upon these foundations, the present article employs the methodology of critical realism and research implications to critique a prominent book in the field of employee compensation. The selected book for review is “Handbook of Employee Reward Management and Practice” authored by Michael Armstrong and translated into Farsi as Compensation “Management”. This book holds significant importance as a teaching resource in the realm of management and management policy. This article delves into the four fundamental principles of compensation management while critiquing the mentioned work. It also presents actuarial implications and research alternatives in this field. The findings highlight the necessity of explicitly incorporating all four fundamental elements of compensation for the comprehensive coverage of educational research works on employee compensation management, avoiding any implicit treatment.

In the critical review of the book “Ethics of Management” written by Tomas Klikavar (2010), the present article has paid attention to the general approach of the author, the conceptual tools used, and the way of reasoning. According to the author, management, especially business management, due to the importance it attaches to the survival of the organization, has placed its fundamental principle on increasing benefit and earning profit, therefore, morality is not its fundamental issue, and it can even commit immorality in some cases, according to the necessity of tendencies and dispositions . As a theoretician of management ethics, from a historical point of view, the author has tried to show that business management has always been associated with unethical experiences, an experience that has continued until the present day as a kind of modern slavery. He believes that management ethics as an inter-discipline, which is considered a branch of management knowledge in terms of its subject, must be more intertwined with philosophy in practice. Finally, although the author has been able to show the inherent contradiction of management, especially business management, with ethics and provide a solution based on this, the fact that the author has succeeded in presenting a different theory in the field of “management ethics” is a matter of doubt and reflection.

As a result of the growth and development of communication and information technologies, as well as the increasing use of smart tools connected to the Internet, a huge amount of digital data is produced every moment. Human resource (HR) analytics is necessary for the intelligent use of this data to improve Human Resource Management (HRM) decisions. HR analytics has descriptive, diagnostic, and predictive types introduced as analytics maturity models. Considering the HR analytics maturity model and the five functions of Human Resource Management, this article uses the systematic implication research method to review and criticize the book “Data-Driven HR: How to Use Analytics and Metrics to Drive Performance” by Bernard Marr. This book is translated into Persian by Pirannejad and Faraji Jobedar. The implications show that the book can be improved by enriching the scientific theoretical foundations of HRM topics. In addition, this could be improved through closer attention to the levels of HR analytics.