PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2023 | Volume:14 | Issue:46|Papers Count:8

In the current era, one of the challenges in the field of Fiqh and law is the issues related to women. Among these chalenges, marriage to a minor wife and its corresponding issues, such as the permissibility or non-permissibility of sexual enjoyment from minor wife, which is of double importance due to the connection with the rights of the child. This essay, through rethinking in reasons, challenging the famous Fiqh theory about the permissibility of sexual enjoyment from minor wife. By addressing Ibahe principle, considered it unfounded and regarding the moral and intellectual obscenity of this action, application of evidence for permissibility of enjoying the wife, considered it the withdrawal from the subject of the minor and believes that it is possible to prevent misunderstandings about the rulings of the Sharia by re-reading it in the epistemological system of religion and paying attention to the goals of the Sharia. Also, some rational principles such as women's freedom, rationality, behaving in honorable manner, and the dominating of rules such as justice, expediency, forbidden of harm, negation of harm, etc., on all the rules of the family sphere, indicate the respect-oriented approach of religion in this regard.

Adolescent abstinence is considered as an important factor against peer pressure in communicating with the opposite sex. This research is aimed to investigate the factors playing key roles in improving the adolescent’s abstinence and resistance to peer pressure.This research was conducted using a qualitative method through the grounded theory approach. In order to achieve this goal, 14 qualified teenage girls were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection via semi-structured interviews and data analysis were based on the grounded theory encompassing three stages: open, central and selective coding. By coding the findings, effective factors were classified into 6 categories: causal factors, background factors, facilitating and intervening conditions, resistance strategies and consequences. The core concept deduced from this analysis indicates that satisfying needs in a safe and reliable relationship with parents strengthens adolescents' abstinence and their invulnerability to peer pressure. Therefore, in addition to teaching self-care skills to teenagers, It is highly recommended for parents to be provided with necessary education regarding the necessity of establishing convivial and strong emotional bonds with teenagers along with creating a psychologically-safe family atmosphere.

The current research is a qualitative study of domestic violence against women using the grounded theory method. The studied population is married women from the outskirts of Khorram Abad city. The purposeful and theoretical sampling method and the data collection tool was in-depth interview, and after interviewing 20 of these women, theoretical saturation was achieved. In order to analyze the data, Strauss and Corbin's approach was used. The findings show that the interviewed women have experienced a wide range of violence.The central phenomenon of this study is "patriarchal attitude and helpless women against violence"; The causal conditions governing this phenomenon, the three categories of husband's addiction, economic issues, patriarchal attitude; The ruling bases of this phenomenon are power relations, domination of men and inferiority of women, lack of support from family and friends, lack of legal and social support; And the intervening conditions of the central phenomenon are the three categories of weak life skills, forced and early marriage.The strategies used by women in the face of violence are help from supportfamily networks, tolerance and coping, isolation and withdrawal, and resistance and finding solutions, which have consequences such as mental-psychological problems, turmoil in the family atmosphere

Women are part of the vulnerable sections of the society. Today, with the expansion of the virtual space, where some of the realities of human society have been transferred, some people use the image of women to pursue goals such as extortion, threats, making money, insulting their dignity. This issue has put women in a situation where if the right to their image in the virtual space is not protected, it will cause serious material and spiritual damage to different dimensions of their personality. This research has been written using documents and library sources, in a descriptive-analytical method, as well as by examining a number of cases and judgments issued by judges of the judiciary. The obtained results show that only in paragraph b of article 5 of the law on the method punishing persons who engage in unauthorized activities in audiovisual matters, approved in 2016, the right to the image of women is directly supported in special circumstances. Also, what has attracted the most attention of courts is the publication of obscene and vulgar images of women. In the judicial decisions, the legal protection of the right to image of women is more in direction of determining criminal punishments.

The purpose of the present study was the interpretative structural modeling of factors affecting the development of women's employability capacity with emphasis on the seventh development plan. This study was conducted based on the practical objective and with a qualitative and quantitative approach in the inductive-deductive paradigm. Identifying the effective factors on the development of women's employability capacity was done through semi-structured interviews based on theoretical saturation with 23 experts in the field of policy making, entrepreneurship and management. The validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed by the method of relative content validity and Cohen's kappa index, respectively. In order to model the effective factors on the development of women's employability capacity, the opinions of 73 experts, managers and entrepreneurs who are familiar with the subject of the research were used with the help of a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity and test-post-test method. Coding of interviews using Maxqda 2020 software led to the identification of 34 factors affecting the development of women's employability capacity with emphasis on the seventh development plan. Modeling of the identified factors with interpretative structural method led to the formation of thirteen levels, which support policies,

Today, the concept of power has acquired new epistemological and ontological dimensions and has become more explanatory. The complex relationship between power and resistance has led to the criticism of the concept of resistance and the development of alternative concepts. The purpose of this paper is to first provide a brief overview of power, resistance, and alternative concepts of resistance as well as to analyze 20 narratives of single girls living in Tehran, Iran, using an interpretative hermeneutic approach. These narrations illustrate their experiences with power relations in their everyday lives. In order to achieve this goal, the study has examined the family, the university, the workplace, and the public environment. The finding showed that power encounters can take three forms: receptiveness to power, powerlessness, and resistance. According to the findings, the concept of resistance is fundamentally inadequate. According to the results, subjects did not have a fixed or integrated identity. They could be receptive, powerless or resistant according to their interpretation of power relationships.

Since the second half of the 20th century, women have become one of the most controversial topics in political philosophy. Some thinkers of women's studies, such as Susan Muller Okin and Carol Pattman, showed in their research that political philosophy was originally male, and therefore, as soon as it is placed against women as equals, it collapses so much that there is nothing to use. It does not remain. Therefore, two fundamental questions are raised at the same time: First, what should women's studies do to raise its philosophical issues? And second, what to do with the great tradition of political philosophy? So far, three answers have been given to these two questions: escaping from philosophy, establishing feminist political philosophy, and de-gendering political philosophy. But as we will show, these answers are ultimately not convincing. On the other hand, in this article, we have put forward the idea of neutral political philosophy, which tries to find a way to preserve the great tradition of political philosophy with the inferential analytical method that governs philosophical debates, and that the discussion of women in terms of existence Cognitive find the possibility of being present and recognized.

Today, the status of women in any country has become one of the most important indicators of assessing social justice. On the other hand, international research in recent decades describes the status of women in the world as "feminization of poverty". This research seeks to identify and prioritize the factors influencing the feminization of poverty with an emphasis on health indicators. This research is exploratory in nature. The research community consists of experts and active professionals in the field of poverty, and the sampling method in this stage was judgmental, continuing using snowball sampling method until theoretical saturation, with 10 individuals selected. In the technical dimension, fuzzy logic was used to address the uncertainty of data gathered from experts, and for pairwise comparison of factors, the "Analytic Hierarchy Process" method was utilized to increase accuracy in prioritization. This research presents a novel approach in modeling poverty in Iran. Out of 92 variables affecting women's poverty in Iran, 27 top variables were identified and prioritized. According to the results, variables such as increased out-of-pocket payments, decreased human capital, household size exceeding 4 members, ratio of oil revenues to GDP, and poor governance have the highest impact on women's poverty.