Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences
Year:2023 | Volume:26 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

2Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 can have various and complex coagulation disorders that cause hypercoagulable conditions. Investigating the role of anticoagulants with different doses in the outcome of patients with COVID-19 seems to be needed. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting factors of severe disease, including the number of lymphocytes, LDH, and the recovery status of patients.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Hazrat Rasool Akram (PBUH) Hospital. Study entry includes acute respiratory symptoms caused by COVID-19 disease (uncontrollable cough, dyspnea, prolonged medicine and blood saturation drop) along with lung involvement in chest spiral CT scan without injection, SARS RT-PCR–CO virus test was positive and transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) was indicated. Anticoagulant starting time, type and dose of anticoagulant received and duration of use were recorded. Two groups of prophylaxis dose, higher dose than prophylaxis (medium dose and therapeutic dose) were divided. Results: Out of the total number of patients referred to Rasul Akram Hospital, 90 people (43 women (47.8%) and 47 men (52.22%)) participated in this study. The average hospitalization in the ICU was 13.50 ± 12.39 days and 17.18 ± 13.36 days in the hospital. Also, the duration of coagulant therapy was 17.13 ± 13.38 days. 53 patients (58.9%) received a prophylactic dose, 28 patients (31.1%) received a therapeutic dose, and 9 patients (10%) received a moderate dose of anticoagulant. Anticoagulant in 74 patients (82.2%) was unfractionated heparin (UFH) and in 16 cases (17.8%) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The changes of LDH, number of lymphocytes, dimer, fibrinogen, ferritin and FDP according to the dose of anticoagulant assessed in the three groups of prophylaxis, treatment and no statistically significant difference. The mean of ICU admission days according to different doses of anticoagulant did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Finally, the findings obtained from the study showed that the use of different doses of anticoagulant does not cause a difference in the level of LDH, number of lymphocytes, ferritin and FDP at different measurement times. Also, the length of stay in the hospital and the time of hospitalization in the intensive care unit did not differ between the groups receiving prophylactic anticoagulant, medium dose and therapeutic dose.

2Introduction: The scorpion of Androctonus crassicauda belongs to the Buthidae family, it has a strong and deadly venom for humans, and every year there are cases of death due to the sting of this scorpion. The purpose of this study is the biological evaluation of the venom of this scorpion, the production of monovalent antivenom against it, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the produced antivenom. Methods: The A. crassicauda scorpions were collected from different cities of Khuzestan province and milked by electric shock. In this research, the amount of venom protein, lethal dose 50 (LD50), immune response of horses, purification of antibodies, effectiveness of antivenom (ED50), degree of neutralization of venom with antivenom and the effect of monovalan antivenom in neutralizing the activity of hyaluronidase enzyme were evaluated. This research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute with code IR.RVSRI.REC.1401.017. Results: The amount of protein and LD50 of the venom from studied scorpion were calculated to be 78 mg/ml and 11.27 µg per mouse, respectively. The results of measuring the antibody titer at different times of venom injection showed the increase in the immune response of horses against the venom. The value of ED50 was around 9 LD50 and 92.22 µg per mouse. According to the results, scorpion venom has hyaluronidase enzyme activity, and 10 µL of the produced pure antivenom was able to neutralize 100% of the venom's hyaluronidase activity. Conclusions: In this project, extracted venom and produced antivenom showed their effectiveness. The produced antivenom was able to neutralize the venom in mice and prevented the death of the envenomed mice.

2Introduction: Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from nerve terminals. Binding of dopamine to dopamine receptors increases the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element (CREB) protein and changes the transcription of downstream genes.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of methamphetamine induction followed by aerobic training and Berberine on dopamine receptor 4 and CREB gene expression in the heart tissue of methamphetamine-addicted female rats during the withdrawal period. Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 control groups, methamphetamine, methamphetamine + aerobic training, methamphetamine + Berberine, methamphetamine + aerobic training + Berberine. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine was performed for 5 days, and during the withdrawal period, aerobic training was performed for 4 weeks and simultaneously the consumption of berberine 100 mg/kg as a solution in drinking water was considered. Real Time PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS24 software were used at the level of 0.05 to analyze the data. The code of ethics in the research was received with number IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1402.015. Results: The results showed that methamphetamine use caused a non-significant increase (97%) in CREB expression and a non-significant decrease (52%) in dopamine 4 receptor compared to the control group (P>0.05). The implementation of interventions during the withdrawal period, such as Berberine consumption and the combination of berberine with aerobic training, produced non-significant increasing and decreasing effects on dopamine 4 receptor gene expression and CREB in the heart of methamphetamine-addicted rats, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Short-term induction of methamphetamine did not cause significant changes in the expression of dopamine 4 receptor and CREB genes in the heart. Therefore, these genes could not undergo a significant change as a result of interventions such as Berberine and exercise. More studies are needed to investigate exact genetic changes in heart tissue.

2Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of philial therapy on social acceptability and anxiety sensitivity of children with symptoms of self-destructive mood disorder. Methods: It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included 9-12-year-old children with symptoms of suicidal mood disorder in Isfahan city. 30 children with symptoms of self-inflicted mood disorder and their mothers were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Filial Landreth play therapy intervention (2013) during two months in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. Research tools included Ford and Robin's (1970) social acceptability questionnaire and Tsao et al.'s (2006) anxiety sensitivity questionnaire. The data obtained from the research was analyzed by the method of variance analysis with repeated measurements using SPSS-29 statistical software. Results: The results showed that the filial therapy intervention had a significant effect on the social acceptability and anxiety sensitivity of children with symptoms of self-destructive mood disorder (P<0.001). In this way, this intervention was able to lead to the improvement of social acceptability and the reduction of anxiety sensitivity of these children. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that philial therapy using techniques such as lectures, discussion, role playing, group processes and supervision can be an effective treatment to improve social acceptability and reduce anxiety sensitivity of children with the symptoms of self-inflicted mood disorder should be used.

2Introduction: Maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of several fetal neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is not well known that excess folate intake from diet and supplements can impair neurodevelopment and behavior in offspring. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic and high doses of folic acid before and during pregnancy in female rats on learning and spatial and avoidance memory in male and female offspring. Methods: 24 female Wistar rats received doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg folic acid by intraperitoneal injection two weeks before and during pregnancy. The control group received normal saline. Male and female offspring were divided into 8 groups. Learning behavior and spatial memory were measured by Morris blue maze test, avoidance memory by shuttle box test. The results showed that taking a dose of 2 mg folic acid before and during pregnancy causes spatial learning deficits in male offspring. Results: While spatial memory is unchanged compared to the control. This dose of folic acid also causes a disturbance in avoidance memory in both male and female offspring. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high doses of folic acid supplements during early life (fetal) have the potential to impair neurological functions such as memory. Although the severity of this disorder can depend on the gender of the child.

2Introduction: Adolescents are one of the most vulnerable groups against risky behaviors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescents by analyzing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation. Methods: The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical of the correlation-path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the first secondary level in the marginal areas of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the sample included 530 people who They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Iranian youth risk-taking questionnaire, Hazen and Shiver attachment scale, Sakodolski, Glob and Cromwell anger rumination scale, and Gertz and Roemer scale of difficulty in regulating emotions were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software Smart PLS version 3.3 and SPSS version 25. This study with ID IR.IAU.KSH.REC.1402. 014 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University. Results: The path of attachment style to risky behaviors (β = 0.81 and t = 2.32), the path of anger rumination to risky behaviors (β = 0.45 and t = 2.32), the path of attachment style to risky behaviors with mediation Emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.61 and t = 3.28), rumination to risky behaviors with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.21 and t = 3.55), it was found that all values at the error level are less than 0.05 are significant. Conclusions: Through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. These results emphasize the difficult role of brahmin in regulating emotions in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls.

2Introduction: Resilience is known as a component that plays an important role in tolerating the hardships of the occupational and marital environment. Therefore, it is identified as the main construct of personality, so identifying variables that can predict resilience is important. Methods: The present study is based on the basic purpose and in terms of the method of collecting descriptive data is correlational with structural equation model. The statistical population of the study included married female nurses in public health centers and hospitals of Alborzand province that 400 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Conor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, Denis and Vanderwal Cognitive Flexibility Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Granevsky et al., Short Form Skorn and Smith Self Differentiation Questionnaire, and Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale were used. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling test and SPSS 26 and Amos24 software were used. This research is IR identifier. ZUMS. REC.1401.297 has been approved by the ethics committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. . Participants were given informed consent and were assured that their information would be confidential. Results: The critical ratio between cognitive flexibility (r=76.7), cognitive emotion regulation (r = 72.9.), self-differentiation (r = 71.2), marital adjustment (r = 79.6) and resiliency was found at the significance level of 0.01. The results showed that the data fit with the conceptual model of the research. Also, the mediating role of marital adjustment, between cognitive flexibility, self-differentiation and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire on resilience was confirmed. According to the results, to increase the resilience of married female nurses, it is recommended to pay special attention to cognitive, emotional and emotional variables of this class. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it is suggested to the officials of the treatment staff to pay special attention to cognitive, emotional and emotional variables of this group to increase the resilience of married female nurses.

2Introduction: One of the biggest environmental challenges of the 21st century is the phenomenon of climate change and global warming, which can cause numerous health problems. One significant health issue associated with climate change is the increase in the prevalence of heat stress, particularly in occupational encounters in hot outdoor environments. So this study aimed to predict and model temperature and humidity indices in the coming decades in a dry climate. Methods: This study obtained daily atmospheric parameters, including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity of Kerman station, representing a dry climate, for a period of 30 years (1965 to 2005) from the meteorological organization. Modeling of these parameters and calculation of the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) were performed using the atmospheric general circulation model HadGEM2-ES and the CORDEX dynamic microscaler model. Three different radiative forcing scenarios, including optimistic (RCP 2.6), intermediate (RCP 4.5), and pessimistic (RCP 8.5), were considered for the coming decades (three 30-year periods from 2011 to 2099). The Ethics Committe of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) approved the present study (Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1400.020). Results: The results of the study showed an increasing trend for minimum and maximum temperature parameters in all three time periods using the three scenarios considered. Moreover, the increase in temperature in the decades of 2099-2071 was more pronounced compared to the previous decades. The results also demonstrated an increasing trend in the THI index based on all three scenarios. The average results obtained using these scenarios showed an increase of 2.11, 2.53, and 3.3 degrees Celsius, respectively, in this index until the end of the last century compared to the base decades. Conclusions: Overall, the increase in temperature and the investigated THI index in the studied station, based on all three scenarios, will lead to changes in thermal comfort. Higher levels of thermal discomfort will not only occur in hot months and seasons but also in other seasons. Therefore, proper planning should be implemented to address the adverse effects of climate change on people's health.