STUDIES THE STATE
Year:2016 | Volume:2 | Issue:7 |Papers Count:6

Finally, after much ups and downs of the United Nations, Palestine has been recognized as a "non-member observer state" by the organization. Palestine’s recognition by the United Nations led to its accession to various conventions on human rights and humanitarian law. Rome Statute 1998 – the constitutive act of the International Criminal Court – was one of the important documents to which Palestine joined while it made a declaration indicating the admission of the jurisdiction of the Court. Palestine’s joinder to this document provided the possibility of prosecution and trial of the perpetrators of crimes committed under the Court' s jurisdiction at the Palestinian territory and against its subjests. The Court's prosecutor is making the preliminary examinations and investigations to find out whether there is the Court’s jurisdiction and a reasonable basis in accordance with the articles of the statute in order to initiate the proceedings. The main question of the present research is on the manner of Palestine’s recognition as a state and the effects associated with its joinder to the International Criminal Court. The most imporstant effect of such joinder is the possibility of referring a situation by the state to the ICC. In this essay, an attempt is made to study the results caused by referring a situation to the Court. Israel will face a cooperation demand but we should not be too optimistic about its cooperation.

Most of the foreign policy analysts believe that president Obama has neglected the importance of Middle East region in the US foreign policy. They argue that the most important sign of this ignorance is non military intervention in Middle East region’s revolutionary states by the US. But contrary to this viewpoint the main assumption of this essay on the basis of the sociological approaches of International Relations is that president Obama as the rational actor as the result of complex learning instead of simple learning tried to socialize the revolutionary states in Middle East region on the basis of convincing and explaining but not military intervention. The first part of this paper talks about socialization and the second part about hegemon and revolutionary states. The third part is about the foreign policy of the United States in the period of president Obama. This paper ends with a conclusion. Data and information in this paper are gathered from different essays and the internet. This paper assumes that socialization in international relations is very important and foreign policy analysts and theorists of international relations should attend to this subject.

It’s been almost 14 years from the time when Iran’s nuclear program was set forth in the international organs including IAEA and the United Nations Security Council and it is one of the most important internal problems for Iran and international environment. The main question of this essay is the impact of the nuclear developments on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To answer this question from the theoretical viewpoint the realist approach to security was used in order to find the parameters of security and to provide the parameters of national security as well. Besides the SWOT method was used to analyze the data and the TOPSIS method was used too. On the basis of the SWOT method we studied the impact of the nuclear developments on the security by surveying four tests of internal points of strength and weakness and international opportunities and threats. Therefore the hypothesis of the present research is that there is a significant relationship between the points of weaknesses and the threats of Iran’s nuclear developments and the decrease of the level of national security. In the end on the basis of the hypothesis of the present research if the Islamic Republic of Iran reduces the internal points of weaknesses and encounters the international threats in the nuclear case in a correct and reasonable way it will be able to improve its security or on the contrary through lack of efficiency in these areas the country’s security would be endangered. The present research is done by using Delphi technique on the basis of completing a questionnaire by 36 persons of experts and elites of International Relations and nuclear negotiations.

City councils are assumed to be one of the most important institutions for decentralization and realization of balanced development based on spatial-geographical features in Iran. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, city councils were formed in 1999 and have a relatively short history. On the basis of the evaluation of the city councils’ life within four periods we can point to their not very favorable performance considering the goals set out in the related laws and documents. The present essay is trying to examine and analyze the reasons for their lack of success in different aspects. Our statistical population consisted of members of the city councils across the country, members of the parliament and experts in areas related to the city councils. Single sample t-test was used to investigate the function of the councils. To express the relationship between two variables and also prove significant or not significant relationship between them and the impact of each independent variable on the dependent variable, a bivariate linear regression analysis was used. The results indicate that the centralization, the rentier system and ambiguous legal status have led to unsatisfactory performance of the councils in Iran.

One of the contemporary thought movements which has a relation with philosophy and Islamic mysticism and emerged first in the western world is the thought movement of traditionalists or the followers of the Eternal Wisdom. In fact this thought trend is a rereading of philosophical (hekmi) and divine traditions of the pre-modern civilizations. In this framework knowledge can be achieved through eternal philosophy and by intuitive reason and politics is a kind of instrument for reaching the ideal traditional life. According to the traditionalists democracy as the favorite way of government of the modern world by denying the hierarchical thinking cannot transcendentalise all aspects of human beings and in this essay on the basis of the traditionalists’s views including Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s the religious sultanate as the favorite way of government and the theory of state is studied. We also tried to put forward the traditionalism’s fundamental criticisms of the modern science and civilization in different aspects including the state in order to explain some of the prerequisites of traditionalism for evolution in modern order in different areas of thinking and society and to make clear the results of this way of thinking for the modern world. This essay is an effort to make clear the traditional ways of living and thinking in the contemporary world including the political life and from the viewpoint of state by explaining the traditionalists’ logic of denial (of the modern world). It is also an effort to find an answer to the questions: “how should we encounter the modern thought and how should we find an alternative to traditionalism for the current situation?”

The aim of this paper is to describe the developments which have taken place in the power structure and following that we investigate the impact of such developments on the formation of the competition state. Indeed, in a new power structure, states are no longer considered as the main actors and the only source of political authority, but we have witnessed the emergence of non-state actors which have the significant effects on political outcomes and decisions. Thus, the power structure has been shifting away from the state-oriented approach to power privatization. Moreover, the emergence of the concept of competitiveness is another aspect of the transformation of the power structure. In fact, the competitiveness has been considered as a fundamental target for all states. Hence, the distribution or privatization of power and highlighting the competitiveness in a world politics can affect privatization, marketization and competitiveness of states. Therefore, we have witnessed the formation of a novel state which is known as the competition state. Actually, the competition state is a kind of state which pursues the policies such as privatization, deregulation, encouraging of the innovation and setting up of the companies for Maximization of profits. At the end of the day, we can contend that as a result of pluralization of power in a global system, states are also required to be pluralist.