Journal of Health Reports and Technology
Year:2023 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Background: COVID-19 is not just a severe threat to the human body but can also jeopardize mental health. Thus, the prevalence of anxiety and depression has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on the anxiety and stress of COVID-19 patients in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population included all COVID-19 patients in Masih Daneshvari Hospital in April-May 2021, of whom 120 patients were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into an experimental group (60 participants) and a control group (60 participants). The data were collected using the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) by Alipour et al. and Beck’s Depression Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using the COVARIANCE analysis in SPSS24. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral stress management training significantly affected the COVID-19 patients of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Conclusions: There was a significant implication for counselors and psychologists. Cognitive-behavioral stress management training reduced anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients and improved mental health.

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a worldwide health problem since December 2019. This disease mainly targets the respiratory system, but it may also damage other organs of the patient's body, such as the kidney. Objectives: The main aim of the present study was to determine kidney function in patients with COVID-19 admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran. Methods: The current study was cross-sectional type and its statistical sample included 498 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran. To conduct this study, the required information including demographic, clinical and laboratory information of the patients was received and then recorded in the researcher-made checklist. Patients were evaluated in three stages (the beginning of the study, the third day of hospitalization and the sixth day of hospitalization). Finally, the result obtained for each of the aforementioned steps was recorded. Results: The results showed that 49. 6% (247 people) of the evaluated patients were women and 50. 4% (251 people) were men. Based on the results, the average age of the patients was 55. 2 years. Among kidney disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD) had the highest frequency (25. 9%). According to kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO), 12. 9% of patients had acute kidney injury (AKI). The presence of kidney disease and the development of AKI had significant relationship with the need for intensive care unit (ICU) (P < 0. 05). The results showed that although initially there was a significant relationship between kidney disease and ICU transfer (P < 0. 05), but after removing the effect of age and gender variables, this relationship was not significant (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that underlying diseases such as kidney failure can be very effective in contracting COVID as well as increasing its severity, so it is necessary to take preventive measures and take special care of these patients.

Background: Pregnancy is a unique period during a woman’s life and is characterized by complex physiological changes, which may adversely affect oral health. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health in 2018 to improve their knowledge, attitude and practice and subsequently decreasing oral diseases. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 320 pregnant women referring to Ilam city health centers were selected through simple random sampling method. Data collection was done employing a questionnaire containing four main parts viz demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions on oral health. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 27. 74 years. Their knowledge, attitude, and practice on oral health during pregnancy were moderate. Further, 16. 2%, 12. 5%, and 18. 1% of them were having good knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health, respectively. The statistically significant relationship was seen between mothers’ knowledge and occupation, education, insurance coverage, and training provided in health centers on oral health (P < 0. 05). The practice of pregnant mothers on oral health showed a significant relationship with their education at 0. 05 level. Conclusions: Based on the finding obtained, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women on oral health during pregnancy were almost good. Paying much more attention through proper educational interventions on oral health during pregnancy is highly recommended.

Background: Human errors are considered as important factor in occurrence of accidents that can leading to death, injuries and damages. The power plant industry as the most important infrastructure industry plays a significant role in industrial infrastructure. Objectives: The present study was carried out with the aim of prediction and assessment of human errors in a control room of a steam power plant by systematic approach to error prediction and reduction (SHERPA) method. Methods: This descriptive – cross sectional study was conducted in a control room of steam power plant. In this research human errors were identified and analyzed by hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and SHERPA methods. Results: In total 85 errors were identificated that 56 (65. 1%) action errors, 24 (27. 9%) checking errors, 1 (1. 2%) retrieval errors, 2 (2. 32%) communication errors and 3 (3. 48%) were related to selection errors. Results also indicated that already 51% of risk level due to identification errors in unacceptable and undesirable level. Conclusions: The most important identificated errors in this research were related to action errors. In order to minimize of these errors and limitation of their consequence, we can use checklist and proper instructions according to work and educate control room operators.

Background: Students’ academic failure (AF) is one of the main problems of various universities. In the meantime, the academic decline of medical students is more critical because this field is related to society’s health with high occupational sensitivity. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the AF level of medical students and the factors affecting it in a military medical training center. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 184 medical students using a questionnaire. After collecting the data, the students were divided into three categories: Students with at least one academic probation semester, students with a total average of basic sciences between 12 and 15, and students with a total average of basic sciences more than 15. Then, AF levels and factors that affect them were investigated. Results: The results showed that the frequency of students with AF was 25%. In addition, there was a significant relationship between AF and some variables, including marital status, residence status, date of entry into university, national entrance exam score, national entrance exam rank, diploma grade average, amount of daily study, content, and grouping (of internal university factors) and family problems (of extramural factors). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between AF and other variables, including gender, age of entry into university, father’s education level, mother’s education level, and other intra-university and extra-university factors. Conclusions: Based on the results, the officials and academic advisors in universities must pay attention to the issues and problems related to unmarried students with a longer duration of education in Universities to prevent AF among students. Students who live in the dormitory should also consider this issue. The level of education and learning of students can be increased by providing the necessary advice and training and a better standard of living in the dormitories, especially for single students.

Context: "Environment or living location" includes the environment and earth views. Modern human activities to achieve prosperity and economic and social development have destroyed the environment. Changes have occurred in the climate and the habitability of the earth, and human health and life have faced severe risks. However, Islam has declared purity and a healthy living environment as the fundamental principle of life. Evidence Acquisition: This study discussed the environmental significance, environmental problems issues, and views of religion and the Quran about the environment. The primary purpose was to prevent environmental destruction based on Islamic and Quran guidelines and provide solutions for improving the environment and reducing pollution. The study was based on documentary and library study methods. Results and Conclusions: Defending the natural environment and the moral teachings of religion should be applied through effective enactment and implementation of laws and standards. People with self-control in undesirable situations are better considered in cases where conscience lacks positive motivation than those who have been raped and violated.

Background: One of the treatment methods that can improve the psychological symptoms of people with cancer is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT on disease perception, body image and fear of cancer recurrence in women with breast cancer. Methods: The present study was an applied and quantitative research. In terms of method, this research was completely experimental and had a pre-test-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group, which was followed up for six months. The statistical population of the present study included all women with breast cancer referred to the oncology department of Omid Hospital in Isfahan. Thirty people were selected by simple random method and were assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). For data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements was used by SPSS-ver. 22 software. Research tools included Broadbent Illness Perception, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory questionnaires. Results: The results of the study based on the statistical test of covariance analysis showed that CBT was significant on disease perception, body image and fear of disease recurrence in women with breast cancer (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be useful in the management of breast cancer in women. Therefore, it is suggested that this treatment method be used intermittently for the management of breast cancer by the patients themselves.

Introduction: Reporting a case of spontaneous separation epiretinal membrane (ERM) with retinal break and investigation of various dimensions and influencing factors. Case Presentation: The article presents a rare 44-years-old female clinical case spontaneous separation of secondary ERM. The patient had secondary ERM and Retinal tear in the right eye after complaining of losing vision. the patient had undergone 1 sessions of barrier laser photocoagulation for Retinal tear in the right eye. A method of cautious waiting was chosen. There was no surgical treatment. The spontaneous secondary ERM separation with the improvement in visual acuity, residual parapapillary fixation, and the diminution in retinal thickness were discovered during the subsequent visit. Conclusions: As spontaneous secondary ERM separation and improvement in visual symptoms is a possibility. Regular structural assessment and monitoring of the macular anatomy with OCT for spontaneous resolution of the ERM may help defer surgical intervention until the patient experiences significant and persistent reduction in vision or associated visual symptoms.

Background: WHO reported that, diabetes is a silent killer among chronic diseases, and the prevalence of this disease increases with age. Self-efficacy (SEEF), as one of the constructs of health models, plays an essential role in improving the health and self-management of diabetic patients. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of the extended parallel process model (EPPM) on the SEEF of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 60 patients randomly divided into two tests (30 people) and control (30 people) groups. The data collection tool was the SEEF questionnaire. In the test group, training was conducted based on EPPM structures in six sessions (45-60 minutes) once a week. Routine training was also performed in the control group. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (covariance, two independent-samples t-test, paired sample t-test, Fisher and chi-square). Results: Two independent-sample t-test showed no significant difference between the test and control groups before the intervention regarding SEEF (P = 0. 45). Meanwhile, a significant difference was observed between the test and control groups regarding SEEF (P < 0. 01) after the intervention. The covariance test showed a significant relationship between the effect of EEMP and the SEEF of diabetic patients by removing the pre-test effect (Eta = 0. 63, P < 0. 01). Conclusions: Based on the results, the developed parallel process model (EEMP) increases SEEF in diabetic patients. This health model is considered an effective and low-cost care method.