Judgment
Year:2023 | Volume:32 | Issue:2 (پیاپی 114)|Papers Count:6

Social developments, especially in the field of criminal law and criminology, have a significant impact on crime prevention and fighting. This article examines the various dimensions of these impacts, including changes in crime patterns, increases or decreases in specific crimes, and adaptation of policies and laws to social needs. Social developments, in the field of criminal law and criminology, have not only led to changes in criminal patterns, but also created new challenges and opportunities to fight crime. This article tries to improve the mechanisms and legal policies to deal with crime and maintain the security of the society by examining these effects more deeply and analyzes various aspects of this relationship. Social changes, including changes in family structure, increase in technology, and economic changes, have affected crime patterns. For example, the increased use of cyber space may lead to digital crimes. People may find new ways to commit crimes with changes in social conditions, and this requires new and updated research in the field of criminal law and criminology. In addition, the number of specific crimes has also been affected. For example, during times of social change, some crimes may increase, while others decrease. This article emphasizes in detail the type and frequency of these crimes and tries to analyze the causes of these changes. In this context, policies and legal laws must also be synchronized with social developments. Compliance of these policies with the needs of the society ensures the increase of productivity in dealing with crime and the maintenance of public safety. In general, the article deals with the deep analysis of the effects of social changes on the field of criminal law and criminology and pays attention to the improvement of policies and strategies in this field.

al System Field and Aims: The implementation of principles such as freedom of belief and religious freedom and finally the methods about criminal protection of religious freedom of citizens by legal systems are issues that prove the quality of the relationship between religion and State in different countries. European systems in particular, which have experience about the transition from an official religionto a system in which religion is separate from politics and law, are good models for exploring the criminal protection of religious freedom and the relationship between religion and State in general. Therefore, the study of the Italian system regarding thouse issues can be an important, interesting and instructive topic.Methodology: The present study was conducted in terms of data collection by documentary method and study of the rules and the jurisprudence of the Italian legal System and the obtained information was analyzed by descriptively-analytically method.Findings and Conclusion: The present study has reached the conclusion that the more the government is dependent on a particular religious school, the more the criminal protection

The definition of intellectual property rights is important and vital to express the conflict of public and private interests because the clarity of the subject, goals, principles, subject matter and proof of ownership of the intellectual product and creator's ownership are on the topics that value the public and private interests in intellectual property rights. It clarifies and expresses the importance of paying attention to both and creates a suitable context for expressing the conflict of public and private interests. An important question that arises before examining the records and the time of the formation of intellectual property rights is what are the rights. Is it intellectual property? Providing a definition of intellectual property rights is necessary to identify the issue in which the conflict between public and private interests is to be examined. Because without clarifying the meaning and definition of a discussion and not identifying its topic, it is impossible to investigate and provide a solution, and if it is done in vain.

One of the prominent aspects of humanitarian law in international armed conflicts, which has more enforcement power than other related regulations, is the rules governing the treatment of prisoners of war. Considering the important and valuable position of the mentioned rules, nowadays many of them are considered as general rules, the violation of which is considered an international crime and criminal responsibility will follow for the wrongdoers in any position and position. This research seeks to answer the question whether Islamic law also includes the observance of the rights of prisoners of war or whether the rules of international law are more progressive in this regard. Based on this, there have been many provisions of contemporary humanitarian law in the texts and doctrines of Islam for more than fourteen centuries. Therefore, according to the principles and rules of humanitarian law, in the field of international regulations, there are rules in the field of armed conflicts that approve the rights of prisoners of war and recommend and confirm their implementation for the subjects of international law. According to international humanitarian law regarding the humane treatment of prisoners, any vindictive and violent act, torture, mutilation, intimidation, medical experiments, insults and humiliation are prohibited. Now, this research aims to prove the alignment of Islamic teachings with international rules and regulations regarding the rights of prisoners of war through descriptive and analytical methods, and on the other hand, to reveal the background and cause of misconceptions surrounding this issue.

AbstractOne of the essential needs of every family is the presence of a child who warms the heart of the family. Despite this, some families are deprived of the blessing of having children, and on the other hand, there are children who have been left without a guardian due to natural and unnatural reasons. This is where adoption comes into play. In Iran's legal system, with the approval of the law on the protection of Unsupervised and poorly supervised children and adolescents In 2012, the institution of adoption underwent changes and the basis of adoption was placed in Iran's legal system. The purpose of this research is to investigate the approach of the Iranian legal system towards the institution of adoption and its effects and the way it is carried out. It has created support for orphaned children, but it has not been able to create the effects of a real child in relation to an adopted child.

Judging is considered important and noble among all legal systems, and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is also derived from Imami jurisprudence and Islamic principles on the selection of competent and just judges. For this principle, it is necessary to know the jurisprudential foundations of the elected judge in religious government, as the only office and position whose conditions and details are mentioned in Islamic jurisprudence, first with the conditions of the judge in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and comparing it with the status of authorized judges in the Islamic jurisprudence system. Is. He got acquainted with the authority of the jurist. Then, by comparing the experiences of other legal systems in attracting and selecting judgments, as well as the recommendations of international documents in this regard, records and points that can be used in other legal systems have been used.The important issue of recruitment and selection of competent human resources and, above all, the issue of judgment in the judiciary, as one of the components of the satisfaction of the Islamic society with the Islamic government; which is included in the thought of the Supreme Leader