Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion
Year:2024 | Volume:11 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

2Background and Objectives: Domestic violence against women is one of the most serious social issues. This study aimed to identify predictors of help-seeking behavior among women exposed to spousal violence. Materials & Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2022 among women attending comprehensive health service centers in Lorestan Province, Iran. A total of 525 participants were recruited using multi-stage sampling methods, including stratified, cluster, and simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires on spousal violence and help-seeking behavior. Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and Stata 14 software. Results: The highest prevalence of physical and psychological violence dimensions were related to slapping (69.9%) and belittling (84.38%), respectively. In terms of sexual violence, non-consensual sexual intercourse (24.76%) was the most prevalent. The most common sources for seeking help were individual's family (70.48%), healthcare providers (56%), and spouse's family (53.90%). Help-seeking behavior for physical (p=0.02) and psychological violence (p=0.007) was higher in higher-income groups. Women whose spouses had university education exhibited higher help-seeking behavior for physical (p=0.015) and psychological violence (p=0.011) compared to others. Help-seeking behavior regarding physical violence (p<0.001) and sexual violence (p=0.004) was more frequent among individuals residing in Borujerd and Khorramabad cities compared to other cities in the province. Conclusion: Multiple factors associated with help-seeking behavior were identified, including spouse's education level, women experiencing physical violence, place of residence, and household wealth status. Policies and interventions should be developed to address these factors and improve women's health outcomes and prevent intimate partner violence (IPV). Considering the limited formal help-seeking behavior in Iran, governmental policies should focus on preventing IPV through various means, such as increasing demand for women's access to formal services (healthcare, legal, and social services) when experiencing IPV.

2Background and Objectives: parental support is an important predictor of adolescents' participation and levels of leisure-time physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the structural relationships between parental support, restructuring ability, subjective norm and leisure time physical activity. Materials and Methods: During a descriptive research of the correlation type, data were collected using questionnaires of leisure physical activity (Godin, 2011), subjective norm (Kim et al., 2019), restructuring ability (Xie et al., 2018a) and perceived parental support (Xie et al., 2021),641 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age, boys and girls, who had a history of physical activity in their leisure time, were collected from May to June 2022 by purposive sampling and analyzed with SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3 software. Results: Path analysis shows that all the hypotheses were statistically significant at the P<0.05 level. specifically, the subjective norm had a positive effect on the restructuring ability and the of leisure physical activity adolescents (P<0.05). In addition, the restructuring ability had a positive effect on the subjective norm and leisure physical activity adolescents (P<0.05). Finally, parental support had a positive effect on adolescent's restructuring ability, subjective norm and leisure time physical activity (P<0.05). The coefficient of determination for leisure time physical activity was equal to 27.8% and it shows the concept that the variables of parental support, subjective norm and the restructuring ability to rebuild together have predicted 27.8% of leisure time physical activity. but both variables of parental support and leisure time physical activity predict a total of 52.6% of adolescents' leisure time physical activity, the share of leisure time physical activity was higher than parental support. Conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of parental support for adolescents' leisure time physical activity and helping adolescents to develop the restructuring ability and subjective norm as a way to promote leisure time physical activity among adolescents. As a result, such parental support, especially for adolescent boys and girls with poor health status and high body mass index, increases the leisure time physical activity of adolescents and improves their overall health.

2Background and Objectives: Social entrepreneurs respond more effectively than governments to basic needs for water, sanitation, primary health care or specialized care. Considering the lack of a social entrepreneurship model in diabetes prevention and education in Iran, this study has designed this model with a grounded theory. Materials and Methods: This research was a qualitative study using grounded theory method. The theoretical sampling was used to selection of participants. The selection criteria included diabetes activists, social entrepreneurs, officials of the Ministry of Health, non-governmental organizations. The theoretical saturation limit was 12 experts. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews. Interviews were analyzed based on the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin (2014). The analysis process was done through Atlas TI. 9 software. Results: 435 codes were identified in 21 sub-themes and 12 categories. The model of social entrepreneurship included antecedents, interventions and interactions and consequences. The antecedents included education and empowerment, deprivation, attraction and production of resources, financial protection and patronage. Interventions and interactions included cascading education and peers, financing and investment, empowerment and capacity building of the NGOs, orientation and guidance of patients, profit and financial gain, consultation and research, cooperation and inter-departmental coordination. The consequences include the categories of improving health literacy, internationalization of actions, professionalism in diabetes prevention and education, specialized diabetes centers, diabetes supervision and monitoring. Conclusion: For more effectiveness of diabetes education and prevention activities, modern and more organized models such as social entrepreneurship should be used. Reengineering the structure of associations, redefining the role and interactions with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and using social audits and obtaining benefits and cost management can play a significant role in advancing the goals of national diabetes prevention and control programs in the country.

2Background and Objectives: Studies show that many overweight people who have lost weight eventually regain their previous weight. This study explored the experiences of overweight/obese individuals with a history of weight regain in terms of weight regain. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Tehran using conventional content analysis. The study included 18 participants who had previously experienced overweight or obesity and had regained a minimum of 10% weight loss at least one year after the initial weight loss. Additionally, four nutrition experts from Iran University of Medical Sciences were interviewed. Targeted sampling began with the snowball method, and data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted from October to January 2019. Results: The average age of the participating patients was 35.50 years, with a standard deviation of 8.63. Among the participants, 27.8% were male, while the remaining majority were female. In terms of marital status, 55.6% of the participants were single, and 44.4% were employed. The results showed that 4 main themes including the barriers to continue adopting weight control methods including diet and physical activity over time with 3 categories (including psychological factors, environmental factors and social factors), physical factors with 3 categories (including inheritance, physiological factors and changes in health status), nutritionist skills with 2 categories (including nutrition education and behavioral therapy) and cues to action with 2 categories (including internal and external cues to action) were recognized as the reasons of the participnts to return the weight. Conclusion: Greater attention to the phenomenon of weight regain and the use of behavioral therapy strategies, nutrition education, positive motivational stimuli, and screening tools to detect psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression may help nutrition experts reduce weight regain in obese individuals. Additionally, improving the environmental infrastructure to promote physical activity can help reduce barriers to weight control in community. These considerations should be taken into account by societal decision-makers.

2Background and Objectives: Considering the importance of women's sexual health, the role of adolescent menstruation management is obvious. According to evidence, teenage girls in many countries of the world, including Iran, do not have good menstrual management. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of implementing a health promotion program using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in high school teenage girls in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: This study is a semi-experimental study without a control group that was conducted in Kermanshah from 2021 to 2022. In this study, needs assessment was done by 300 high school girls randomly and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Then, according to the needs assessment results, an educational intervention with a sample size of 80 students and high school girls who were selected by two-stage random sampling were evaluated. Data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model and was completed by students before, after and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and Friedman test. Results: The results of the needs assessment showed that the students' mean knowledge score (mean ± standard deviation) was 7.06 ± 3.9, attitude score was 33.16 ± 8.33, and self-efficacy score was 32.28 ± 9.44 The comparative results showed that the mean and median of predisposing factors, enabling factors and enhancing factors (p<0.001) statistically in three periods (before, after and two months after intervention) has a significant difference. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show the positive impact of the educational program based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and its components (predisposing factors, enabling factors, and enhancing factors) on menstrual management of teenage girls.

2Background and Objectives: Quality of life is important in improving the health of patients. The current study was developed to present a structural model of quality of life and health promotion of women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on illness perception, health hardiness with the mediating role of social cognition. Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of all women with MS who were members of the MS Association of Iran and referred to the MS Research Center of Sina Hospital in Tehran, which numbered 470 in 1401, using the available and voluntary methods, to the MSIS-29 questionnaires, short-form illness perception, RHHI-24 and Emotion Recognition Task (social cognition) were answered online. Results: Data analysis showed that the structural model of the quality of life of women with MS based on illness perception and health hardiness with the mediating role of social cognition has a favorable fit of 0.375. There was a negative and significant relationship between quality of life, illness perception with the mediation of social cognition with an influence coefficient of -0.124, and between quality of life and health hardiness with the mediation of social cognition with an influence coefficient of -0.60 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the mediating role of social cognition in the impact of illness perception and health hardiness on the quality of life can provide a suitable model to explain the psychological improvement of women with MS.

2Background and Objectives: From the end of 2019 until now, the coronavirus pandemic created an extraordinary situation in the world, which resulted in an unprecedented social, political and economic crisis. The most critical solution to this pandemic is to fully comply with health protocols and public vaccination, which requires informing society and changing people's health and social behaviours. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors related to preventive behaviors against Corona)  SARS-CoV-2( among women in the suburbs of Mashhad using the Pender health promotion model. Materials and methods: In this Cross-sectional analysis study conducted in 2021, 300 women living in the suburbs of Mashhad were included by multi-stage sampling method, who were satisfied with the research., and a checklist of demographic information and an 82-question questionnaire designed based on Pender's health promotion model (whose validity and reliability were confirmed). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Among the demographic characteristics of job variables (p=0.03), history of corona infection (p=0.01), vaccination (p=0.04), blood pressure (p=0.01), and diabetes (p=0.04) had a significant relationship with the structure of behavioral outcomes. The highest and lowest scores of the participants in the study were in the structure of Perceived Barriers (48.66 ± 12.87) and Commitment to Plan of Action (8.68 ± 1.42). Among the different parts of Pender's health promotion model, perceived self-efficacy (p<0.001, B=0.39), perceived benefits (p<0.001, B=0.13), interpersonal effects (p=0.001, B=0.16), and preferences (p<0.001, B=0.20) had a significant effect on the structure of behavioral consequences. Conclusion: Self-efficacy is the strongest predictor of preventive behaviors against Corona. As a result, carrying out interventions to increase the self-efficacy of the residents of the outskirts of the city will probably lead to an increase in their behaviors of avoiding Covid-19 in them.

2Background and Objectives: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of birth defect. Affected children and adolescents with CHD require special care in dentistry because of their susceptibility to infective endocarditis from poor oral hygiene infections. The¬ purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a mobile-based educational oral health application for children and adolescents with CHD. Materials and Methods: This developmental study was conducted in 2021-2022 at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center in Isfahan. My Structured Query Language (MySQL) system was used to design the database of educational oral health application. Also; the development phase was based on the Android platform. The design and development of a mobile-based educational oral health application was carried out in five stages, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the application. The statistical population of this was composed of 51 children and adolescents (3-18 years of age) with CHD and their parents. Results: The results of the evaluation of the usability of the educational oral health app from the children and adolescents' perspective with CHD showed that the "user-friendliness", "ease of use" and " educational impacts" of the app were evaluated as good. Conclusion: The usage of this mobile application can be useful in improving the oral and dental health of children and adolescents with CHD.