International Journal of Health Studies
Year:2023 | Volume:9 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury has increased in adolescents. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of family therapy compared with treatment as usual in improving character strengths and reducing self-harm repetition in adolescents. Methods: The research was designed as semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population was all students of Tehran's middle schools with self-injury from October to September 2022. 53 eligible adolescents were selected purposefully. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a family therapy counseling (n=27 people) and a control group (n=26 people). The experimental group received sixteen 75-min counseling sessions held weekly, while the control group underwent no interventions. Both groups received post-test evaluations following these sessions. Then, the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and Values in Action Inventory of Strengths scale (VIA-Youth) pre-and post-intervention were implemented. SPSS 24 used a multivariate analysis of the covariance (MANCOVA) version. Results: The effect of family therapy on the self-injury variable was significant (F=32. 61,Pvalue<0. 001). Also, the effect of family therapy on character strengths (F=24. 81,Pvalue<0. 001) was confirmed. In addition, it related the largest effect size to the self-injury variable (0. 648), which shows that 64% of the total variances of the experimental and control groups result from a family therapy approach. Conclusions: The results showed that family therapy could effectively improve character strengths and reduce self-injurious behaviors in adolescents aged 13-16

Background: Adolescence is considered one of the most critical periods of human development, in which nutrition, physical activity and weight control play a very effective role. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity, knowledge, attitude and nutritional practice with (BMI) in Student girls. Methods: the statistical population of 270 female students in the age range of 14. 3 ± 1. 3 in Miami city in 1401 with the convenience sampling method and were selected as available. They completed the questionnaire containing demographic information, knowledge, attitude and nutritional practice (KAP), the international physical activity questionnaire, Anthropometric values (BMI) were computed and compared with CDC2000 standards and then using SPSS software. The significant level was set at 0. 05. Results: The results showed that students had 48. 7%, 48. 1% and 41% moderate score knowledge, practice but attitude score low respectively. Comparison of BMI with standard values showed that 24. 5%, 7. 7% and 4% of participants were underweight, overweight and obese respectively. Statistically significant correlation was seen knowledge, attitude and nutritional practice with BMI and also between attitude and nutritional practice with physical activity (Pvalue<0. 05). Conclusions: Based on the findings, the data indicate that knowledge, attitude and practice nutritional of Mime Shahroud province were moderate or relatively low and all of the students, need more Theoretical and applied nutritional education, physical activity, weight control methods in textbooks and cyberspace is necessary

Background: Resilience is the positive adaptation of people in reaction to unfavorable conditions. Meanwhile, nursing is a demanding occupation with extensive stress and challenges. Thus, this study was performed to determine the extent of resilience among nurses and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 320 nurses in Shahroud, Iran. Those with bachelor's degree of nursing and above as well as at least one year of full-time clinical practice were chosen through convenience sampling technique. The data collection instruments were included Sherer's General Self-Efficacy Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression). Results: The present study showed that nurses experienced low levels of resilience (63. 31±15. 82) and high levels of self-efficacy (62. 86±9. 62). Furthermore, a positive and significant correlation was observed between resilience and self-efficacy of nurses (r=0. 55, P<0. 001). Satisfaction with personal protective equipment at the hospital of service and sense of safety against COVID-19 were noted as the factors associated with resilience and self-efficacy of nurses (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, provision of a safe environment with sufficient personal protective equipment as well as training the resilience skills and enhancing psychological capacity of nurses would play a key role in their positive adaptation to the tough and challenging conditions of the workplace

Background Personality traits are effective factors in controlling feelings and emotions, including psychological distress. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between personality traits and test anxiety in medical students under the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 176 medical science students by census sampling method in Iran. The inclusion criteria included studying in the first semester, having no history of addiction and suffering from psychological disorders, and the exclusion criterion was a previous history of participating in OSCE. Data collection tools included the demographic profile form, Sarason test anxiety questionnaires, and the short version of the Neo Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). Data were collected by self-report and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results According to the results of the present study, most of the participants (64. 8%) were female and (87. 5%) were single. Out of all participants, about half of them (45. 5%) reported moderate test anxiety. As among the five dominant personality profiles,Conscientiousness (40. 9%) and neuroticism (8%) had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively. In addition, a significant relationship between personality traits and OSCE-related test anxiety was observed (p =. 03). Conclusion The findings of the present study indicated that a significant number of students face OSCE-related test anxiety, which is related to their personality traits (conscientiousness and agreeableness). It is recommended to carry out psychological interventions according to each of the mentioned personality types in order to reduce the anxiety related to OSCE

Introduction: Currently, the world community is experiencing one of the biggest health crises in recent decades. The psychological consequences of Corona can include a range of feelings of loneliness, boredom and aggressiveness to anxiety and mental distress. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of obsessive and practical metacognitive beliefs in the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally on 416 people who referred to corona testing centers using available sampling method. The data was collected using three depression, anxiety and obsession, intellectual-practical questionnaires, after collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings: The results of this study showed that 61% of the participants had moderate anxiety, 20% had moderate depression, and the mean obsessive-compulsive score was 68. 9 ± 19. 8. The results of linear regression also showed that depression can predict the occurrence of practical obsessions. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder were greatly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. And anxiety is a common disorder among those who refer to corona testing centers in Shiraz city, and more than half of those who refer to these centers are suffering from anxiety disorder

Background: Today, social networks play a very important role in communication between people. Many people use social networks as a source of information and a means of sending messages. This study aimed to determine the selected social network among the staff of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Different variables, such as demographic characteristics, amount of interest in each social network, hours of using the Internet, trustworthiness, being up-to-date, accessibility, number of visits to each network, effectiveness, and how information is shared, and also the relationship between these variables were examined. The significant level was set at 0. 05. Results: A total of 109 (28. 2%) women and 277 (71. 8%) men participated in this study. The majority of the participants were aged 30-40 years (50%) and had a bachelor’s degree (55. 2%). All the participants were members of at least one social network. The participants rated Telegram and then WhatsApp as the most frequently-visited, accessible, trusted, and up-to-date social networks. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, Telegram and then WhatsApp is the social network of choice among the majority of the staff

Background: Trauma injuries are a health threat to the whole world and according to 2016 WHO report, are one of the top ten causes of death. This study aimed to determine the content validity and inter-rater reliability of a data collection tool used to develop a national Trauma Prognostic Scale (TPS). Methods: The study was conducted in three stages including the development of the primary tool, assessment of the validity tool, and assessment of the reliability. The content validity, inter-rater reliability, and intra-rater reliability were assessed. For reliability assessment, 45 trauma patients from three trauma specialty centers in Tehran and Tabriz metropolises participated in the study. Results: The final data collection tool had a total of 51 items in six parts as demographic (part A with 9 items),past medical history (part B with14 items),type of patients’ transferring (Part C with 3 items),pre-hospital measures (part D with 9 items),physiological indicators of injury severity (part E with 9 items), and anatomical indicators of injury severity (part F with 7 items). The content validity of the tool was confirmed with a total scale-level content validity (S-CVI) = 0. 93, S-CVI= 0. 92 for part A, S-CVI= 0. 90 for part B, S-CVI= 1. 000 for part C, S-CVI= 0. 90 for part D, S-CVI= 0. 95 for part E, and S-CVI= 0. 91 for part F. Spearman correlation was above 0. 7 for all items. Conclusions: The content validity, and inter-rater test-retest reliability of the data collection tool for the developed TPS was confirmed

Background: This controlled experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of immersive virtual reality-based movement therapy (IVRMT) on upper extremity functions (UEF), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive functions (CF) in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Patients who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to the study (IVR) or control groups. Both of the groups received 60 minutes/day of conventional rehabilitation program and occupational therapy and the IVR group received 30 minutes/day of additional IVR-MT for six weeks. UEF was evaluated by the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), and the Box and Block Test (BBT), ADL was evaluated by the Barthel Index (BI), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and CF was evaluated with the Mini Mental Test (MMT). Results: There were no differences between the IVR (n=15), and control (n=10) groups for demographic and clinical characteristics or baseline results of JTHFT, BBT, BI, SF-36, and MMT. At six weeks post-treatment there were significant improvements in the IVR group in scores for moving large light cans (Pvalue=0. 001) and moving large heavy cans (Pvalue=0. 003) in the JTHFT, in BBT scores (Pvalue=0. 004), in MMT (Pvalue=0. 033) and for physical functioning (Pvalue=0. 008) in the SF-36. In addition, the change in score in the IVR group for moving large light cans (Pvalue=0. 008) and moving large heavy cans (Pvalue=0. 002) at week 6 was significantly larger than in the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that additional IVR-MT, in combination with conventional physiotherapy and occupational therapy might improve outcomes in UEF and CF in chronic stroke patients