International Journal of Health Studies
Year:2023 | Volume:9 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Although the emergency department is known as a potential center of violence and the main reason for the prevalence of violence in these departments is unknown. Due to the lack of registration and reporting systems for these cases, the history of research in this case is limited and there are problems in this field. And this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude and self-confidence level of emergency doctors and nurses in the field of violence management in the emergency department of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 187 personnel working in medical education centers of Urmia by census method. The data was collected using the demographic information checklist and Dimond et al. 's questionnaire. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings: In this study, the results showed that out of 187 personnel participating in the study, most of the participating personnel were nurses 134(%71. 6), age group 138(%73. 8) 26 to 35 years old and gender 97(%51. 9) were male. And there was a significant relationship between the gender of the emergency department staff and a work experience in the emergency department with all three areas of understanding of violence, self-confidence in managing aggressive behavior and attitude towards safety and responsiveness and security in the workplace in the face of aggression. The age group of the emergency department staff had a significant difference only in the individual's perception of violence, in such a way that younger age groups had lower scores in the perception of violence section. Discussion and conclusion: The issue of violence is a serious issue in the emergency departments of teaching hospitals in Urmia and serious attention should be paid to this point by the relevant authorities. And considering the lower levels of self-confidence of people in the face of aggression among people who have not completed training courses on violence management, the necessity of wider implementation of these courses among the employees of the emergency department in the investigated centers is mandatory

Background: Knowing the level of awareness, attitude, and performance of people is an important step in leishmaniasis prevention. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in Damghan district about cutaneous leishmaniasis in 2018-2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, for 500 people living in urban and rural areas, a semi-structured researcher-made questionnaire approved for content validity and reliability was randomly completed by a trained questionnaire and information was recorded and analyzed using SPSS21 software. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 37. 7, and 52. 6% of them were in the age group of 20-40 years. 55% of people had poor knowledge, and 61% and 65% had moderate attitudes and performance, respectively. 97. 2%, 72%, and 32. 4% of the subjects did not know the agent, reservoir, and symptoms of the disease, respectively. To prevent the disease,44. 6% of people did not take any action, 54. 2% installed nets on doors and windows, and also 28. 5%, 40. 2%, and 25. 3%, respectively, always used mosquito nets, insecticide sprays, and insect repellent ointments. Conclusions: Despite being the disease endemic in the region, the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the people was weak to moderate. Therefore, raising the KAP levels of the county's people about leishmaniasis is highly recommended

Background: The sexual attitudes and beliefs of midwifery students, who play an important role in improving sexual health, can affect both the students themselves and people with disabilities to whom they provide education and counselling. This study aimed to determine the attitudes and beliefs of midwifery students on sexuality and the evaluation of sexuality. Methods: This research is a mixed-method study that includes two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the first stage, data was collected from 334 students using a socio-demographic data form and the sexual attitude and belief scale. The second stage involved conducting phenomenological interviews with 21 students. Results: The students who believed they had adequate knowledge about sexuality and reproductive health, as well as those who had previously engaged in scientific activities related to sexuality, held more positive attitudes and beliefs towards sexual care. The qualitative section of the study identified four main themes, each containing 13 sub-themes, which provided further insights into the students' perspectives on the subject. Conclusions: The students acknowledged that their society had strict sexual taboos, but their attitudes toward sexuality changed after studying sexual health and women's health at university. The study highlighted the challenges faced by midwifery students in assessing sexual health. By addressing these difficulties, trained midwives can better evaluate the sexual health of patients in clinical settings, leading to early detection of sexual problems

Background: Due to the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and social crises, the present study aimed to investigate the role of parental stress and maternal emotions' difficulty in predicting children's attitudes and anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic during lockdown. Methods: This research aimed to conduct an applied study with a descriptive-correlational data collection approach. The target population comprised all female and male students in public preschool and primary schools in Kermanshah city during the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 150 samples through the convenience sampling method completed the Parental Stress Index—Short Form (PSI-SF), The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), The Knowledge and Attitude Scale toward COVID-19 Pandemic, and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale – Child (SCAS-Child). Statistical computations were performed using SPSS-22 software. The significant level was set at 0. 05. Results: The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the parent's distress component and the child's anxiety level due to COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0. 01,r=0. 23). Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between the Children in difficulty component and children's anxiety levels due to COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0. 01,r=0. 48). In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between the dysfunctional parent-child interaction component and children's anxiety about COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0. 01,r=0. 48). There was a significant positive relationship between parental stress and child anxiety due to COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0. 01,r=0. 48). Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, one of the important measures to maintain the mental health of children in critical situations is to educate parents, especially mothers, about controlling and regulating their own negative emotions. Complications due to their age and cognitive development should be presented to them

Background: This study aims to examine how cognitive distortion and cognitive flexibility contribute to the connection between negative spontaneous thoughts and depression among adolescents with thoughts of suicide. Methods: This study constitutes a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional research design, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as the analytical approach. The target population for this research consists of all adolescents residing in Tehran from September to November 2023 who have previously attempted suicide. For this study, a sample of 214 adolescents with a history of suicide attempts was purposefully selected. The research instruments used in this study consisted of the BDI-II for measuring depression, the ICDS for assessing interpersonal cognitive distortions, the ATQ-30 for evaluating negative spontaneous thoughts, and the CFI questionnaire developed by Dennis and Vander Waal to measure cognitive flexibility. The research data was analyzed using the SPSS version 27 and SmartPLS version 4 software. The bootstrap method with a volume of 5000 was employed to examine the indirect relationships. In the same way, the significance of the mediator variable was examined using Sobel's test. Results: According to the findings, the helplessness component had a noticeable and adverse impact on the cognitive flexibility factor (β=-0. 619, P<0. 001). In addition, the cognitive flexibility variable was negatively and significantly influenced by the Individual incompatibility component (β=-0. 225, P<0. 001). Similarly, this particular component exhibited a significant effect on depression as well (β=0. 159, p <0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of the current research demonstrated the impact of cognitive flexibility and cognitive distortion on mitigating individual incompatibility, negative self-concept expectations, and depression among adolescents with suicidal ideation.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of family therapy methods in enhancing self-forgiveness and overall quality of life among adolescents engaging in self-harm. Methods: This study utilized a semi-experimental approach, employing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design spanning over three months. There were three sets of participants, including two experimental groups made up of both girls and boys, as well as a comparison group. The data collection period for this research spans from July to November 2023. The sample for the study included 60 individuals who were chosen through purposeful sampling and assigned randomly to two experimental groups and a control group, with each group comprising 20 participants. The experimental groups consisted of a male group of 16 individuals and a female group of 14 individuals, who underwent seven sessions lasting 90 minutes twice a week. On the other hand, the control group, composed of 17 participants, did not receive any intervention. Research tools included the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). The method of data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis H, ANOVA, MANCOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests and Tukey HSD at a significance level of 0. 05 in SPSS. 27 software. Results: The results suggest that there was a notable difference in the levels of self-forgiveness observed during the post-test and follow-up stages(P<0. 05). Moreover, there was no notable difference in terms of psychological health and social relationships between the two groups of self-harming girls and boys (P>0. 05). Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicate that family therapy has a positive impact on self-forgiveness, mental well-being, and social connections.

Background: Adolescents often experience changes in their hormones, psychology, and social environment, which can lead to the development of aggressive behaviors. This study aimed to examine how family dynamics are related to the aggressive behavior displayed by adolescents, with a particular focus on the role of parents' mental health as a mediating factor. Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, the Path analysis was conducted to determine the associations of research variables. The statistical population included all female students of junior and senior high schools in Rasht in the 2017–18 academic year. The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select 350 high school students. The research measurement tools included the Aggression Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD), and General Health Questionnaire–28 (GHQ-28). The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 27 software and the Smart PLS3 software as well as the structural equation modeling method. The significant level was set at 0. 05. Results: According to the research findings, all the Path coefficients in the research model were statistically significant. The results indicated that family performance had a negative and significant impact on aggression (β=-0. 162, Pvalue<0. 001), anxiety (β=-0. 955, Pvalue<0. 001), and depression (β=-0. 904, Pvalue<0. 001). Moreover, the family performance had a positive and significant effect on physical health (β=0. 78, Pvalue<0. 001) and social function (β=0. 886, Pvalue<0. 001), Physical health (β=-0. 348, Pvalue<0. 001) and social function (β=-0. 073, Pvalue=0. 024) also had a negative and significant impact on aggression as mediating variables. Additionally, anxiety (β=0. 351, Pvalue<0. 001) and depression (β=0. 09, Pvalue=0. 024) as mediating variables had a positive and significant effect on aggression. Conclusions: Consequently, achievement motivation had a mediating role in associations of academic engagement with academic self-concept and academic support in gifted students. The findings can be used as an appropriate model for designing and developing certain programs to improve academic engagement and enhance the academic motivation of students. The findings of the current research demonstrated the impact of cognitive

Background: The prevalence of certain autoimmune disorders among women is rising at a faster rate compared to men, potentially affecting the well-being of women globally. This study aimed to explore the moderating influence of mindfulness on optimism and mental energy among women diagnosed with autoimmune conditions. Methods: Descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional research methods, along with structural equation modeling (SEM), were utilized in this study. The research population consisted of all women with autoimmune diseases in Tehran from May to April 2023. A total of 204 women with autoimmune diseases were selected as the statistical sample using targeted sampling. The research utilized the Trauma Resilience Scale (TRS), Mental Vitality Questionnaire (MVQ), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as measurement tools. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software, while path coefficients were analyzed using SmartPLS version 4 software. Additionally, Sobel's test was employed to determine the significance of the mediator variable. A significance level of 0. 05 was considered. Results: Based on the findings optimism had a favorable and noteworthy influence on mental vitality (β=0. 399, P<0. 001). Similarly, the variable of optimism also had a favorable and noteworthy impact on accompanying action with awareness, description, no judgment, and view aspects (P<0. 001). However, the optimism variable did not exhibit a significant influence on No reaction (P=0. 134). Furthermore, a negative and significant correlation (β=-0. 065, P=0. 007) was identified between optimism and Mental vitality, with the intervening aspect of the no judgment component. Conversely, a positive and meaningful association (β=0. 172, P<0. 001) was observed between optimism, and mental vitality, with the involvement of the view component. Nonetheless, the indirect associations between optimism and mental vitality, with the mediating role of No reaction, accompanying action with awareness, and Description components, were not statistically significant (P>0. 05). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that optimism increases mental vitality and the dimensions of mindfulness, of course, except for lack of reaction. And the mediating variable of mindfulness also has significant effects on optimism and mental vitality