GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Year:2008 | Volume:23 | Issue:3 (90)|Papers Count:8

In this paper, we have used daily minimum temperature data of Sanandaj station during 1961-2002 (1339 to 1381 Persian calendar). 85 days of the period has been considered as cold days with temperatures less than-20oC. The maps of air temperature, V wind and U wind components of this period have been provided for 500, 700, 800, 850, 925 and 1000 hpa levels using Grads. A cold period from 1983/1/26 to 1983/2 (1361/11/6 to 1361/11/13 Persian calendar), selected based on the maps. These maps showed that the cold advection was domination in the period. For these days, maps of geopotintial height, air temperature, V wind and U wind components for 500 hpa have plotted. In this period a great part of Iran especially Sanandaj station located at the western part of a deep trough. It seems that this trough leads cold air from higher latitudes to the region and provided cooling in most regions of Iran especially Sanandaj station.

In order to explore the spatial and temporal variation of 500 hpa circulatiorpatterns and their relationship with the rainy years of Iran (1974, 1976, 1982, 198 fund 1992), daily geopotential heights for the region 0oE to 70oE and looN to 60 oN ,at 2.5 degree resolution, were analysized. A PCA analysis of geopotential heights in S-mode showed that there are seven significant circulation patterns. These patterns explain about 93 percent of variance. The 1st circulation pattern represents a deep trough over Iraq, and Iran is located in its eastern part. Circulation pattern 2 represents a trough over the Mediterranean Sea. Circulation pattern 3 represents shallow trough over the Iran. Circulation pattern 4, which its representative day is December 21st 1982 indicates a trough over the Cyprus. A rather shallow trough dominates over Iran. Circulation pattern 5 represents shallow trough over the Black sea which probably affected north and northwest Of Iran. The sixth circulation pattern is a representative trough over the Caspian Sea which extends toward the Black Sea and even the Mediterranean Sea. The seventh circulation pattern represents the disposition of a high over Iraq that extends all over Iran. Some of These circulation patterns lead air masses to Iran which causes years with high precipitation.

Industrial development changes the life style in urban areas. These changes lead to physical and mental health problems in these areas. Spring may be considered as potentials for developing health tourism. In this paper we classify the springs of Isfahan province using 12 indicies.

Development is a complex, multidimensional, and dynamic concept. In developing countries cities experience a lot of crisis. Socio- Economical changes happen more rapidly than physical ones in the cities of developing countries. In this paper we attempt to evaluate Socio-Economical factors of sustainable development in Ardakan. The study showed that different parts of the city exhibits significantly different stability indicies.

Natural hazards and climatic limitations are a major part of any tourism industry.Climatic conditions show a seasonal behavior. In this paper we study thermal comfort of Babolsar County using temperature, relative humidity, wind, and insulation. The research showed that thermal condition is favorable in Babolsar County from Ordibehesht to late Aban. During Tir and Mordad temperature and atmospheric moisture is relatively high. Meanwhile thermal condition could favorable in presence of wind.

Air temperature is one of the most important atmospheric parameters in energy supply of plants in different phonological stages. So soil temperature is significant chemical reactions of and soil nutrients translocation from root to growing and reproducing organ and consequently it results in more and better crop. In Meteorological Organization, air temperature continually measure and register in atmospheric, Synoptic and Climate Stations and in addition to experts read the parameters, register machines also register all the daylong changing process on special papers. But soil depths temperature reads and takes note by observers in special times of morning, noon and evening in synoptic stations. The research goal was evaluating surface soil depth temperature in according to observing air temperature and soil moisture. To reach this goal, statistics about air temperature and soil moisture, 5 & 15 cm depth temperature and moisture are registered in 5 months period (March to July 2006). Statistics analysis was based on statistics standard methods and used Excel, Statgraph and SPSS software.

Land use is one of the important factors of soil erosion and soil productivity.Sustainable development is possible by land use mapping. This research has been done using Geographical Information System to determine the desirable land use lor decreasing soil erosion in Zaremrod Watershed. EPM model has been applied in GIS environment to estimate soil erosion. There are four scores for 4 factors in EPM model. Land use factor or Xa is one of the factors of EPM model. If land use is changed, consequently land use score or Xa will change. So using practical models one can. investigate the effect of land use changes on soil erosion and sediment production. Three EPM models have been provided in GIS environment for Zaremrod Watershed that they were different in land use score or Xa (gardens and farms only) and erosion was investigated with these models quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that land use changes can decrease erosion intensity and volume notably. Also the costs and incomes of the ditfferent land uses in Zaremrod Watershed were considered and the desirable land use was selected in terms of soil erosion and incomes.