THE WOMEN AND FAMILY CULTURAL EDUCATION
Year:2019 | Volume:13 | Issue:45 |Papers Count:8

One of the most important foundations of a successful marriage is the ability of couples to communicate effectively. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify the model of effective marital communication. This study has been carried out using the qualitative research based on grounded theory. Fifteen men and women were selected through the voluntary sampling method and were studied using a semi-structured interview and on the basis of the criteria for entering the research until theoretical saturation level. Based on the results, the model for effective marital communication was determined. In this model, marital adjustment was selected as the core category. The causal conditions of the study were safe attachment style, differentiation, emotional maturity and intellectual and cognitive maturity. The teachings of the family of origin and religiosity were selected as the underlying conditions and social support was chosen as the intervening condition. The strategies couples used to communicate effectively with each other included encouragement and positive interaction. Finally, effective parenting and quality of marital life were introduced as the consequences of the model. As regards prevention and treatment, perceiving the indices of the effectiveness of marital communication can be useful in delivering the necessary information to teach couples how to communicate effectively and also in providing the couples having ineffective marital communication with appropriate interventions.

This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between parenting styles and academic adjustment while considering the mediating role of patience among the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The research method was correlational and the statistical population included all the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from among whom a group of 235 students (95 boys and 140 girls) were selected using the relative stratified sampling method. The data collection instruments were the Parenting Styles Scale (Baumrind), the Patience Scale (Khormaei, Farmani and Soltani), and the Academic Adjustment Scale (Baker and Siryk). The results revealed that the indirect effects of authoritarian parenting style (t = 4. 06) and authoritative parenting style (t = 4. 84) on academic adjustment were 0. 07 and 0. 08 respectively and were significant at 0. 01 level. Also, the indirect effect of permissive parenting style (t = 2. 33) was 0. 05 and was significant at 0. 05 level. The results of path analysis showed that patience plays a mediating role in relation to parenting styles and academic adjustment. Also, the Goodness-of-fit index of the model confirmed the fitness of the model proposed in this research work. The results of the research confirm that parenting styles both directly and indirectly affect academic adjustment with the mediating role of patience. Therefore, the system of education is required to pay attention to parenting styles and patience as factors contributing to academic adjustment more than before.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of family flexibility and maternal self-differentiation in predicting adolescents’ self-efficacy. This is a descriptive-correlational research work. The population consisted of all the high school students in Tehran from among whom 255 students were selected using the multistage sampling method. The students participated in the study together with their mothers. They completed the Family Flexibility Questionnaire (Shakeri, 2003) and the Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al, 1986) and their mothers completed the short form of the Differentiation of Self Inventory (Drake, 2011). For data analysis, correlation matrix and stepwise regression via SPPS22 were utilized. The results of the Pearson correlation matrix showed a positive significant relationship between family flexibility and children’ s self-efficacy (r = 0. 48, p < 0. 01). The results of the regression analysis indicated that flexibility directly and the component emotional cutoff reversely could predict 29% of girls’ self-efficacy changes. Family flexibility and maternal self-differentiation and its components did not have any role in predicting boys’ self-efficacy. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the family plays an important role in the formation of self-efficacy in adolescents, especially girls.

Body management is one of the important concepts in medical sociology which has become currently prevalent among girls and women, and individuals create social bodies by changing their physical features. Relying on the theories of Giddens, Goffman, Bourdieu, Featherstone and Turner, the present article presents a sociological explanation of body management. The study has been carried out using the survey method. The research population included all the women in Ilam, Iran who were aged 19 to 44, and the data were collected using a questionnaire in 2016. A sample of 381 individuals was selected based on Cochran formula and the cluster sampling method. Four dimensions of body management were studied: weight loss and health, cosmetic surgeries, clothing type and cosmetic and health care. Overall, the mean body management dimensions was 2. 978, which is moderate from the perspective of the research sample. The findings revealed that most of the subjects were married housewives and came from the middle class. Meanwhile, the findings revealed a significant relationship between the variables age, media use, religiosity, social acceptance and reference groups, on the one hand, and body management, on the other.

The present study has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of group psychotherapy based on quality of life on marital commitment among infertile women. This is a quasi-experimental research work with pretest– posttest, control group design. The statistical population consisted of all the infertile women in Arak referring to Arak Royan center in 2015-2016. The sample included 32 infertile women who were put in control (n = 16) and experimental (n = 16) groups. The experimental group received 5 weekly 90-minute sessions of psychotherapy based on quality of life, while the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software using covariance analysis. The results indicated that group psychotherapy based on quality of life affected marital commitment of infertile women and led to a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on marital commitment and its components including personal, moral and structural commitment.

This study was aimed at predicting thriving on the basis of marital adjustment, marital goals orientation and marital locus of control among the married women in Isfahan, Iran. The research method was causal-comparative, and the statistical population included all the married women in Isfahan, Iran in 2017-2018. A sample of 104 married women was selected using the convenience sampling method. The participants responded to the Inventory of Thriving (Su, Tay and Diener, 2014), the Kansas Marital Goals Orientation Scale (Eggeman, Maxley and Schumm, 1985), the Miller Marital Locus of Control Scale (Miller, Lefcourt and Ware, 1983) and the Revised Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Busby, Christensen, Crane and Larson, 1995). In this study, stepwise multivariate regression was used to analyze the data with SPSS21 software. The results showed that marital goals orientation, marital locus of control (internal locus of control and external locus of control) and marital adjustment (sympathy and consensus, satisfaction and cohesion) have a significant relationship with thriving (p < 0. 000); in other words, marital goals orientation, marital locus of control and marital adjustment predict thriving at a significant level (p < 0. 000). In addition, the results indicated that sympathy and consensus predict 42%; sympathy and consensus, and external control predict 48%; sympathy and consensus, external control and satisfaction predict 53%; sympathy and consensus, external control, satisfaction and marital goals orientation predict 55% of thriving. Overall, among the predictive variables, sympathy and consensus, external control, satisfaction and marital goals orientation have the highest predictive power for predicting thriving.

The aim of this study was to investigate a causal model of sexual function based on sexual dysfunctional beliefs, psychological distress and marital intimacy. This is a descriptive-correlational study, and its statistical population included all the married women referring to the health centers in Bardsir, Iran. Using the convenience sampling method, a sample of 506 women was selected. The participants completed the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Scale, the Female Sexual Function Index, the Bagarozzi Intimacy Needs Questionnaire and the Psychological Distress Index. The findings revealed that sexual dysfunctional beliefs have a significantly positive effect on psychological distress, and a significantly negative effect on marital intimacy and sexual function. In addition, marital intimacy had a significantly positive and direct effect on sexual function. Also, the direct effect of psychological distress on sexual function was significantly negative. The results further indicated that sexual dysfunctional beliefs had a significantly negative and direct effect on sexual function. The results also showed that sexual dysfunctional beliefs due to psychological distress and marital intimacy can directly predict sexual function.

This study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of imago therapy on attachment styles and family functioning in married women. To this end, the quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group was employed. The statistical population was composed of the married women referring to health centers in district 4 of Tehran. The statistical sample included 30 individuals selected voluntarily. Since people in each health center were not willing to attend the meetings in other health centers, the researchers randomly selected one health center and its people as the experimental group and another as the control group. The data collection instruments were the Hazen and Shaver Attachment Styles Questionnaire and the Family Functioning Questionnaire. The experimental group received 10 weekly 90-minute sessions of imago therapy training. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance was used. Based on the findings, imago therapy training does not affect the avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles, but it affects the secure attachment style. Also, this training method significantly affects the subscales of emotional accompaniment, emotional association and general score of family functioning.