THE WOMEN AND FAMILY CULTURAL EDUCATION
Year:2016 | Volume:11 | Issue:35 |Papers Count:7

This study is aimed at identifying and comparing the factors impacting on happy, stable marriages lasting more than 20 years and the factors influencing divorcing couples. Using purposeful sampling, the sampling process continued until theoretical saturation. The obtained data were analyzed on the basis of grounded theory. The results indicate that a journey toward a thriving or dissolving marriage is the core issue of the pattern of the research findings. Proper marriage foundation is one of the causal conditions of a happy, stable marriage. Intra-personal factors (efficient attitudes and proper personality traits), inter-personal factors (efficient marital, parental and multi-generational systems) and meta-personal factors (financial and occupational) are among the intervening (mediating) conditions affecting stable marriages. The final outcomes were satisfaction (with self, spouse and children) and stable marriage. Also, the results related to divorcing couples indicate that improper marriage foundation is one of the causal conditions of marriage dissolution and intra-personal factors (inefficient attitudes and improper personality traits), inter-personal factors (inefficient marital, parental and multi-generational systems) and meta-personal factors (financial and occupational) are among the intervening (mediating) conditions affecting dissolving marriages. The contextual conditions in the couples planning to divorce consisted of prevalence of divorce in the family of origin and history of addiction and friendship with unsuccessful couples.

The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of love styles in the relationship between personality traits and couples’ marital adjustment. The research method is correlational which was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research population comprised all the couples referring to the family court in Tabriz.280 subjects were selected from this population using the availability sampling method and were matched on the basis of such characteristics as age and duration of marriage. Then the subjects were asked to complete the marital adjustment scale, the short neo-personality inventory, and the love attitudes scale (LAS). To test the theoretical model of the research, the path analysis was utilized and the indirect effects were estimated by AMOS bootstrapping test. The findings revealed that neuroticism in reverse order (p<0.01) and extroversion, agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness positively (p<0.01) predicted marital adjustment. The path analysis results indicated that friendly, lustful, logical, artistic and devotional love styles can play a mediating role, both partially and completely, in regard to personality traits and marital adjustment. Such variables as lovemaking styles can be manipulated and changed due to their dynamic, changeable and trainable nature. Hence, confirmation of the role of these processes in the model proposed by the research suggest that marriage and family counselors should focus on improving couples’ communication and lovemaking patterns in their interventions instead of focusing solely on fixed factors.

This research work is aimed at identifying personality traits, mental disorders and demographic features predicting divorce among couples in Tehran. The research method is casual-comparative and the sample was selected using the clustering sampling method. To select the sample, 3 judicial complexes were selected randomly from among the family judicial complexes in Tehran, Iran, and from among the divorce-prone couples referring to these centers, 60 people (30 couples) were selected randomly. From among the people living in district 3, Tehran, 30 couples were also randomly selected to make the control group. Then, the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (short form), the Mental Disorder Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and the Demographic Questionnaire were administered to both groups. The findings revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups in neuroticism, empiricism and conscientiousness factors of the five-factor test and in all the dimensions of the SCL-90 test except psychoticism. The results of the double-value logistic regression analysis showed that the variables depression, paranoid, number of children, income, and neuroticism significantly predicted divorce in couples; that is, the higher the rate of depression, paranoid and neuroticism the higher the probability of divorce and the more children and income the lower the probability of divorce. These findings emphasize the important role of personality traits, mental disorders and demographic factors in divorce.

This study was conducted in 2014 to determine the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and consumerism from the viewpoint of Isfahani citizens. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the population included all the families living in district 14, Isfahan. A sample of 300 subjects was selected using the cluster random sampling method. The required data were obtained the Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire (Kaviyani, 1999) and the Consumerism Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple-regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient test and one-way ANOVA. The results of data analysis revealed a significant relationship between consumerism and the Islamic lifestyle with thinking and science (r=0.198), family (r=0.267), social (r=0.406), moral (r=0.213), financial (0.403) and belief (r=0.339) dimensions. Among the variables studied here, the first and second best predictors of families’ consumerism were financial and social dimensions. Also, a significant difference was observed among families’ consumerism with regard to demographic variables (gender, age, size of family, number of children, number of employed people in the family, father's education, father's occupation, mother's education, mother's occupation).

This study has been conducted to evaluate what boys and girls consider healthy family criteria. To this end, a sample of 169 students (75 girls and 94 boys) was selected through the availability sampling method and was studied using the healthy family criteria questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was measured using the content validity method and its reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. The obtained data were analyzed using Friedman and chi square tests. The findings revealed that there is a significant difference between boys and girls in most of what they consider healthy family criteria. The patterns and implications of these findings have been discussed in this paper. It can be generally concluded that identification of the criteria of healthy family from the viewpoint of male and female students can help us identify the healthy family criteria and, ultimately, promote the level of family structure in the society.

The purpose of the present study was to develop and estimate the psychometric properties of the Faith in Marital Life Scale as an instrument for evaluation of religious attitudes toward marital relationship. To this end, a sample of 243 students together with their spouses was selected using the cluster random sampling method from among the students of universities in Tehran province. The data collection instruments included the Faith in Marital Relationship Scale developed on the basis of theoretical studies and interviews with successful religious couples, the Sanctification in Marriage Questionnaire, the Manifestation of God in Marital Life Scale (Mahoney, et al, 1999), the Marital Satisfaction Index (Hudson, 1992) and the Islamic Religiosity Scale (Bahrami, Ehsan, 2005). The obtained data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation and independent t-test. At the pilot stage, the content validity and the face validity of the scale were confirmed by experts and by the sample respectively and 19 items were eliminated. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 33 remaining items were significantly loaded with 6 factors: religious practice-belief pattern, (lack of) doubt about faith, reliance on God, manifestation of God, religious valuation, and religious responsibility. The results further indicated that the Faith in Marital Life Scale had significant convergent validity with the scores of the Sanctification in Marriage Questionnaire, the Manifestation of God in Marital Life Scale, the Marital Satisfaction Index and the Islamic Religiosity Scale (p<0.001). The correlation of the subjects’ scores in re-administration of the Scale with a one-week interval was significant (r=0.85) signifying good test-retest reliability of the scale (p<0.001). Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.93 for all the extracted questions. Considering these findings, it can be concluded that the Faith in Marital Life Scale is an instrument with appropriate validity and reliability for evaluation of the role of religious attitudes toward marital life among couples.

This study has been conducted to examine the impact of the increasing use of virtual social networks on family structure. To achieve more accurate results, the research is carried out using the mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and to collect the required date, first, 30 married individuals active in virtual social networks were selected and interviewed. Then, a questionnaire was utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that mere presence of people in social networks and their use of the relevant technologies cannot lead to loss of identity and breakdown in the family institution, but rather presence in these networks can help individuals gain relative supports by being familiar with and having control over various aspects of this phenomenon and observing the rules governing it. Furthermore, there is no relationship between the extent of using virtual social networks and relational social capital within family (intra-group), but the kind of use people make of these networks and the feeling of familial attachment are correlated. Apparently, it is the other members of the family who feel that familial attachment and social capital decrease and the users themselves do not believe that family-related social capital declines due to using virtual social networks.