GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Year:2002 | Volume:17 | Issue:2-3 (65-66)|Papers Count:15

Urban land use planning examines how to use, distribute, protect and organize local -spacial activities and urban "operations with respect to the needs and desires of urban community. With the developmentof urbanizationandthe growthofurban andregional planning, this belief got a crucial role in the form of comprehensive, constructive plans, land. use and comparative plannings. Various theories such as planning, organizational, functionalism, reformism, modernism, post - modernism, naturalism, philosophical, technolgical, authoritative anthropoplis, psychical, health and sustainability develpment introduce particular approaches to urban land use palnning.The Linear city of Minab whit an area of 1027.05 hectre and population of 65313 (2001), regarding, the bases, concepts, processes, principles and criteria "9fland use, was studied and analyzed. In the current state, the city fall short of land few residential use, elementary schools, higher education centers, cultural centers, parks, health and medical services, theraputic, sport! military and police centers. At the end of the planning year (2.011) when the population of the city will be 88119 (22806 people increase), There will be a need of 225.69 hactre. more land (for the current state the need is 155.14) for making various kinds of optimal uses according to particular principles and criteria.

Urban land use planning examines how to use, distribute, protect and organize local -spacial activities and urban "operations with respect to the needs and desires of urban community. With the developmentof urbanizationandthe growthofurban andregional planning, this belief got a crucial role in the form of comprehensive, constructive plans, land. use and comparative plannings. Various theories such as planning, organizational, functionalism, reformism, modernism, post - modernism, naturalism, philosophical, technolgical, authoritative anthropoplis, psychical, health and sustainability develpment introduce particular approaches to urban land use palnning.The Linear city of Minab whit an area of 1027.05 hectre and population of 65313 (2001), regarding, the bases, concepts, processes, principles and criteria "9fland use, was studied and analyzed. In the current state, the city fall short of land few residential use, elementary schools, higher education centers, cultural centers, parks, health and medical services, theraputic, sport! military and police centers. At the end of the planning year (2.011) when the population of the city will be 88119 (22806 people increase), There will be a need of 225.69 hactre. more land (for the current state the need is 155.14) for making various kinds of optimal uses according to particular principles and criteria.

The present article is a review of an article first published in Geographical Research Quarterly No (1) in summer 1984. It discuses tradition, modernism, and postmodernism in geography and Studies the Scientific as well as tech no logical effects an geography Viewing management and technological problems, attempts and made to analyze the Societies passing through tradition to modernity.

The Comercial - Industrial free zones have a long history in the world. In 1888 the first free comercial- industrial Port, more or less with of the same aims, came to existence .In the Islamic Republic of Iran the, three areas Gheshm - Chah bahar - and kish have been chosen as free comericial - industrial area. Being located wrongly, these three areas have not been successful since then, Furthermore, the export strategy of free areas has not taken place yet. On the contnary, the import strategy has taken its place. The result badly damaged internal industries specially minor ones. This is obviously against the goals or free trading areas.If free comercial - industrial regions are to achieve the in goals in the Islamic Republic of Iran, principles of locating proper places should be exercised. In this research the criteria of locating free zones are presented and suitable places are suggest.

The present study tries to study the relationship between water supply and the Socio-political tensions in Gonabad. Contemplating of the likely problems, some solutions are provided to adjust the progressive crisis in future.This is mainly achieved by considering the natural environment as well as human resource in the region. Based on these, attempts are made to plan for Socio-economic development.As the main hypothesis, the authors speculate that there is a relationship between fluctuations in water supplies and socio-political conflicts in Gonabad. Descriptive and analytical methods and correlation were wed to analyze results.Data were collected using library and statistical methods as well as field works. The data available in different departments and offices were also used.The findings indicated that the natural shortage of water, gradual decrease of water Supplies, and the wrong use of the available water Sources an the one hand and the population growth an the other have considerably decreased the annual quota of water per person. This in turn heightens the likelihood of tension and conflicts between groups of people and population centers.

Philosophical and epistemological standpoints are of the main factors contributing to word formation in scientific literature. Some new words emanate from proposing new epistemological fields and, consequently, are based on particular impressions and concepts within the framework of such systems.Certain words with a similar structure and similar thematic content have been used in different epistemological fields. Yet, despite shearing a similar topical domain and having a similar structure, their semantic charge is not the same when examined from these different perspectives. The term equilibrium can be cited as a case in point. This word has been used from three different positions: ecological, catastrophic and systemic. There is, however, no doubt that what is to be understood by this term varies from one system to another.Familiarity with the semantic charge of such terms will help toward a more realistic understanding of what is meant by the practitioners and theoreticians within this field when we are faced with numerous philosophical stances in geomorphology.This paper has been written on the base of the propositions put forth by the proponents of geomorphological viewpoints concerning the concept if equilibrium and what it stresses is the acquaintance with such concepts it will help us get a better understanding of the issues under consideration.

The paper tries to develop a general model about the process of population and economic change in British new towns. In this research the theories of staged development of urban area and urban decline are adopted as atheoretical basis and methods of factor analysis and labour market accounts as an analytical methods for studying the process of development of new towns. The results of the factor analysis show that the development of new towns was related to the changes in employment opportunities and demographic characteristics of these towns. Furthermore the results of labour market accounts on the new towns indicate that the new towns had a phased development over their life cycle. The results indicate that a British new town experienced substantial growth in population and employment over the first and second stages (first and second decades) of its development. While they experienced the process of stagnation in maturity stage (third decade).This research shows that as a result of a large amount m-migration to the new towns over these decades, there was considerable growth m the size of the labour force during the third decade (maturity stage). In this stage, because of a mismatch between labour supply and labour demand, there was a job-shortfall in the new towns. As a result, we can expect a growth in job-shortfall, unemployment and out-migration over the fourth stage of their development, if the process of stagnation occurs and continues in these towns.Of course the results of this research show that the size of a new town and the state of its regional economy and regional policy are important factors in the development of a new town.

In this essay the authom discusses stability of Iran's provincial and regional territories as related to drainage basins resulting from hydrology and geomorphology (that's Hydrogeomorphology), as well as its changes in the 21st century. Some pitfalls of the current territories (faults) are mentioned and indexes for determining the territory (cultural, population, economic, ethnic and historic) are referred to. Since the beginning of the 19th century the major geomorphic attitudes have provided bases for the spatial description and analysis of landforms and territory. The first of these was naturally the geological framework of terrain. These territories were maining based on considerations of structural geology. The second spatial division bases for landforms analysis. The erosion all drainage basin, has been recognized as a viable process response unit, since beginning of the 20th century, This essay emphasizes and discuss its causes (reasons). Of reasons for using this method are both historic emphasis on territory and dependence on water resources better support of the environment, management and its effectiveress are among other reasons. Basic principles in of this approch are also discussed.

The construction of new industrial estate adjacent to existing towns and villages have resulted in unprecedented changes in many respects. Alvand industrial estate was established in the vicinity of Alvand village within the distance of 14km from Ghazvin in mid 1961. Alborz Locational pattern has awarded to it specific identity. This in turn has led to widespread changes in Alvand village.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the basic characteristics of the industrial estate and more specifically its changes in other respects to analyze and explain the trend and breaktirough of its transformations within an analytical and historical framework. In order to obiain the mentioned purposes the following questions need to be answered:1- What have been the trends of changes and breakthrough of Alvand as well as its link to Alborz industrial estate since 1967?2- What are the fundamental causes and factors related to the mechanism of Alvand's transformation taking into consideration its identity as well as its properties and problems.This paper investigates that Alvand's transformation within three consecutive periods starting in 1967. This study acknowledges that Alborz's industrial estate has been the main cause of Alvand's transformations. This county has always received its dormitory functions up to 1982 while the prerequisites for healthy growth namely "opportunities", 11 culture", "Planning" and "management" no longer existed. Needless to say that its transformations were not effected by physical, historical and environmental potential. Jumping into city bracket in 1982 can be considered as a major breakthrough in the city life.These two vital prerequisites for an appropriate urban growth i.e. "planning" and "urban management" were taken into consideration. Furthermore its function as a service entity was considered in its economic life as a second function within a rational framework. The answer to the second question will reveal the fact that Alborz's formation with its present Identity is resulted from its post-regional causes and factors as well as the general conditions prevailing on new towns in the 1960's and 1970's. Last, this paper suggests that taking into account the past experiences pertaining to Alvand and Alborz, these critities as a new Urban-Indus1rial complex in Ghaz-yin need planning and organization.

Small - scale industry has a potentially a large number of effects on the social and economic structure of a country and it's countryside. This type of industry can absorb some rural labor. The decentralization of small industry can have a positive effect on the development of the rural areas and in turn on the development of the whole country. Small -scale rural industry can absorb surplus labor from the countryside and solve part of the problem of chronic underemployment or hidden employment in agriculture sector. Small industries can be more easily decentralized than large Industries. The direct effects of rural small -scale industry include welfare as well as technical knowledge and skills for the people living in the country side.

The road between Nayshaboor and Toos, have always been of critical value in progress and moving the societies of this region roward cultural and civilizational development.This matter is obviously noticeable in remains of the ancient dwellings of the tribes and groups resided in the region. In this article, using archeological research methods, two general plain routes as a part of Khorassan great highway named Abrisham (silk) road, and two mountain routes, short cuts and post house roads of these two regions are put into consideration. Some related places are also introduced.

Rapid population growth and shortage of water are the two most important problems of any development program in Khorassan province of Iran. In this respect, Mashhad valley, which is the main center of industrial activities of the province, has a very critical position. Almost 40 percent of the population of Khorassan are living in this valley. More than %75 of all water resources in Mashhad valley is used in agriculture. Although water allocation to fanners are based on national irrigation document, but recent droughts and warm weather showed that farmers are actually using more water than those figures which are indicated in this document. It seems that higher temperature, either due to global warming or periodical changes of the weather will increase agricultural water use. In this paper 3 scenarios of temperature increase (2, 4, and 6 degree centigrade) were considered and on agricultural water use has been studied. The results showed that by an increase of 2 degrees in air temperature, water use would increase by 6 percents. An increase of 4 and 6 degrees will increase the water use 11and 17percents, respectively. In order to keep the agriculture water demand constant different alternatives of cropping pattern and densities have been constant and equal to 6200 cubic meter per sector. The alternatives are based upon this assumption that irrigation water use does not change with increasing air temperature.

In order to study the rainfall of Azarbaijan area daily precipitation data of Tabriz station during the 1961-1995 period was obtained from the Meteorological Organization of Iran. The12GMT surface and 500 hpa level data were extracted for the same period from the NCEP Reanalysis data of the Climatic Research Unit of the East Anglia University located in Norwich, England.Analysis, of the rain days showed that two-day sequences are the most frequent which are followed by the one-day sequences. The daily precipitation in most of the sequences was 1- 5 millimeters. Most of the one-day rains were occurred in the warm period but the longer rain periods were developed in the cold season of the year.Surface daily weather maps were grouped according to the correlation method and then scrutinized subjectively. The procedure produced 11 final weather types. Three of these types are anticyclonic. The Zonal type was the most frequent and the Northwest Anticyclonic was the second. No significant change was observed in the weather types frequency during the study period.