THE WOMEN AND FAMILY CULTURAL EDUCATION
Year:2020 | Volume:14 | Issue:49 |Papers Count:7

The purpose of this article was to study the relationship between family-centered model of dialog and children's autonomy and to offer its educational explanation. The statistical population of this study included all the senior high school students in Isfahan, Iran (n ₌ 162937) in the academic year 2015-2016. Using the cluster sampling method and Cochran formula, a sample of 384 students was selected. The data collection instruments were parental dialogue-centered communication and personal autonomy questionnaires. Their content and construct validity was verified, and their reliability indices were calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (the first questionnaire: 0. 91 and the second questionnaire: 0. 75). Then the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (21st version). The findings of the first part of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between parental dialog-centered communication pattern in the family and children's autonomy. It was further revealed that there is a significant relationship between the first three dimensions of parental dialog-centered communication pattern (level of communication with children, perception of children’ s presence, management of family dialogue) and children's autonomy. In the educational explanation section, using the inferential-analytical method and briefly reviewing the Cognitive Learning Theory, it was concluded that dialogue in the family, as a powerful and effective cognitive stimulus, constantly makes children think, announce their position and reinforce their reasoning ability. On the other hand, it can be concluded that acceptance of children by their parents and involving them in family dialogs causes them to trust their intellectual and reasoning abilities and ultimately fosters their personal autonomy.

Considering the lack of family content and processes affecting job promotion, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting job promotion and develop a model of family processes affecting it. This qualitative research work was conducted using grounded theory approach. The study sample consisted of 13 participants (8 males and 5 females) selected from among the university students in Bojnourd, Iran whose job promotion and job adaptability scores were one standard deviation higher than the mean. The sample was selected using the purposive and theoretical sampling method. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using Strauss and Carbon techniques including open, axial and selective coding. The interview analysis results led to the extraction of 885 concepts, 28 components and 12 categories including emotional support, discovery context, autonomy context, self-sufficiency context, job self-efficacy context, transcending dominant narratives, informational support, guaranteed social relationships, efficient family structure, positive role model, negative role model and involvement, which have been presented in two main dimensions including fundamental and instrumental dimensions. From the interaction of these twelve extracted factors, the model of family processes affecting job promotion is formulated, and its outcome is an individual who has experienced job promotion.

This study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between political socialization and political participation among women in Ahwaz, Iran. The statistical population of the study included all the women aged 18 to 64 in Ahwaz from among whom a sample of 384 women was selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. This is an applied research work in terms of purpose, and it has been carried out using the descriptive-survey method. The required data were collected using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the variables political socialization, age, ethnicity and social class are significantly related to the variable political participation. The results further revealed that the variables ethnicity and social class affect the variable political socialization. The structural equations modeling results showed that, in evaluating the model measurement section, the factor loadings of all measures related to the variables political participation and political socialization are higher than 0. 4. Therefore, it can be said that, in the context of the indices of the concealed variables, the measurement model is sufficiently reliable. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the composite reliability (CR) were greater than 0. 7, and the average variance extracted (AVE) of political participation was greater than 0. 5, and that of political socialization was 0. 5. Therefore, the measurement model has acceptable reliability and validity. In the structural model section, the fitting indices including the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) with a value of 0. 7, incremental fitting index (IFI) with a value of 0. 91, comparative fitting index (CFI) with a value of 0. 91, parsimonious normed fitting index (PNFI) with a value of 0. 62, parsimonious comparative fitting index (PCFI) with a value of 0. 64, parsimonious goodness fitting index (PGFI) with a value of 0. 57 and normed chi-square index with a value of 3. 368 indicated that the model has an acceptable fitting value. Given that the absolute value of T-statistic for all hypotheses was higher than 1. 96, all the research hypotheses were confirmed. Therefore, it is confirmed that the effect of political socialization (Beta ₌ 0. 15), age (Beta ₌ 0. 18), social class (Beta ₌ 0. 15) and ethnicity (Beta ₌ 0. 10) on political participation and the effect of social class (Beta ₌ 0. 14) and ethnicity (Beta ₌ 0. 19) on political socialization is meaningful.

In the last few decades, women have sought an identity beyond their roles at home and in the family by challenging their traditional roles and redefining their gender roles. Rethinking gender roles depends upon one’ s attitude and beliefs about it. The purpose of this study was to investigate women's attitudes to gender roles and to explain the cultural and social factors affecting them. This study has been conducted quantitatively using the causal-correlational descriptive method in the years 2018 and 2019. In this study, 600 married women were selected from the eleven districts of Shiraz using a questionnaire and the proportionate stratified sampling method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, t-test, analysis of variance and multivariate regression). The results showed that 21. 5% of the respondents considered the traditional feminine roles in social, occupational and family areas to be the most important roles of women; rethinking highly, 13% believed there is the least difference in masculine and feminine roles; and 65. 5% had a moderate attitude. It was further revealed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, employment status, education, income, socioeconomic status, duration of marriage, extent of using mass media and women's virtual communication networks, as well as their husbands’ income and occupational status, on the one hand, and their rethink of gender roles, on the other. The results of simultaneous multivariate regression also indicated that education, economic and social status, use of Instagram and television and husbands’ occupational status are the most important factors which explain women's rethinking of gender roles.

This study is aimed at a qualitative investigation into the factors influencing the adaptability of the women affected by Kermanshah earthquake. The statistical population of the study included the women affected by Kermanshah earthquake. Purposeful sampling was continued from this population to the point of saturation (14 individuals). In this study, the phenomenological method was used to analyze the data, that is, using a semi-structured interview, the required data were collected from the subjects, and after analyzing the content of the interviews and their final coding, three main indicators were extracted: "environmental and social factors, family factors, and personality factors". The environmental and social factors were peaceful environment, establishment of social relations and presence and activity in telegram groups. The family factors were family support, family atmosphere, and the discourse dominating the family, and finally the personality factors were values, beliefs, motivations, abilities, perceptions, and emotions. This study demonstrates the effective role of environmental and social factors, family factors and personality factors in adapting to a new lifestyle, reducing symptoms of depression, feeling better and enduring the consequences of serious illnesses and injuries such as complete spinal cord injury.

This study has been conducted to determine the effect of a program based on social cognitive theory and Smith's model of health and illness on maternal anxiety and mother-child interaction style and children’ s behavioral problems. The research method is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group design. The sample included 30 mothers with a moderate and high anxiety rate. The sample was selected using the Cattell Anxiety Scale and was randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The mothers in the experimental group underwent a weekly ten-session intervention program. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, the Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation Scale (MCRES), the Conners Parent Rating Scale (of childhood behavior problems) and the Cattell Anxiety Scale. The tests were administered before the beginning of the program and immediately after its completion. Data analysis was carried out using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results revealed that anxiety, overprotectiveness and children’ s problems had decreased in the experimental group after the intervention (P ≥ 0. 01). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the program based on social cognitive theory and Smith's model of health and illness was effective in decreasing maternal anxiety and overprotectiveness and children’ s behavioral problems. Therefore, this intervention is recommended to be used in dealing with the problems in question.

Social capital affects violence against women in both structural and cognitive dimensions. Promoting social capital as one of the resources available to the family can reduce the likelihood of domestic violence against women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sociological relationship between social capital and husbands’ violence against wives in Ilam, Iran. To this end, the survey research method was utilized. The statistical population included all the married women aged 15-50 years living in Ilam, Iran. A sample of 382 women was selected from among them using the multistage cluster sampling method, but due to the invalidity of 7 questionnaires, finally 375 were chosen for analysis. The Standardized Strauss Questionnaire was used to measure violence against women, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the integration of Nan Lin and Coleman's theories in five dimensions of structural intra-group, inter-group and beyond-group capital and cognitive intra-group and inter-group capital was used to measure social capital. To assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test and Croit-Bartlett’ s coefficient in factor analysis were used, respectively. The results of correlation coefficient indicated that there is a significant inverse significant relationship between husbands’ violence against wives and the variables structural intra-group, inter-group and beyond-group capital, cognitive intra-group and inter-group capital and women’ s power in family structure. The results of regression analysis showed that the variable cognitive intra-group social capital with beta-. 290 and the variable women’ s power in family structure with beta-. 107 have the most and the least effect on violence against women, respectively. These six variables accounted for 87. 4% of the variance of the dependent variable.