Pajouhan Scientific Journal
Year:2024 | Volume:22 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: The optimal implementation of family-centered care requires a better understanding of the attitudes and opinions of treatment personnel and families; therefore, the barriers between the two groups should be recognized. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the barriers to implementing family-centered care in Pediatric and Infants Intensive Care Units from the perspectives of nurses. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 62 nurses in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units of Be'sat and Fatemiyeh hospitals in Hamedan were investigated using a census method. The data were collected by the questionnaire of Barriers to Implementing Family-Centered Care in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units from the Nurses’ Point of View and analyzed by SPSS software version 23 with descriptive statistical tests. Results: The most important obstacles to the implementation of family-centered care included parents' fear of the patient's condition worsening, a better understanding of the patient's needs by the nurse compared to the parents, parents' lack of self-confidence, nurses making necessary decisions based on medical treatment, and the nurse being the decision-maker regarding the presence or absence of parents. On the other hand, the least important obstacles were found to be the lack of necessary training for nurses, hospital managers' lack of enthusiasm for family-centered care policies, absence of clear policies regarding parental involvement, fear of harm to infants/children due to improper care by parents and staff, and insufficient personnel for the implementation and supervision of family-centered care. Conclusion: The barriers identified in the implementation process of family-centered care from the nurses’ perspectives can be provided to the officials as a guide to formulate strategies for a more powerful implementation of family-centered care.

Background and Objectives: Caries in primary dentition affects the quality of child’s life and can interfere with the child's daily activities and growth process. This disease is affected by various factors such as diet, oral hygiene and socioeconomic factors. Considering the importance of the awarness of mother in a child’s life, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dmft index and the level of mothers’ awareness related to oral hygiene. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 432 mothers with children under 7 years old. After determining the dmft index, the children's demographic information and the mothers' awareness level were evaluated with 13 questions. In order to analyze the data, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean score of awareness for mothers with boys and girls respectively was 3.70±2.25 and mothers 3.58±2.36 with no significant difference (P=0.757). The most correct answers from mothers to questionnaire’s questions, were given to the size of toothpaste for children aged 3 to 6 years old (70.8%) and the time to start flossing for children (38.2%). The relationship between mother's awareness and dmft index was not significant (P=0.076). Conclusion: Mothers' knowledge level had no significant relationship with children's dental caries, but mothers' knowledge of caries prevention was lower than mean. Although maternal knowledge is only one of the several factors that can influence children's oral health behaviors, mothers' education should be considered as an important intervention to caries prevention.

Background and Objectives: Students, as the builders of tomorrow's society, can be the foundation of many changes and developments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship of emotional intelligence with hope and self-concept among nursing students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 486 nursing students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2022-23 who met the inclusion criteria. The samples were selected by census method. The data were collected using a demographic information form, the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Miller's Hope Questionnaire, and Beck's Self-Concept Questionnaire. Data analysis was done in SPSS 20 software using Pearson's correlation tests, one-way analysis of variance, t-test for two independent samples, and linear regression. Results: In this research, 50.40% of the participants were male and 49.60% were female. Most of the participants (13%) were studying in the first and third semesters. The mean and standard deviation of study variables were obtained at 129.58±10.76 for emotional intelligence, 41.64±4.79 for hope, and 86.68±8.82 for self-concept. With the exception of the relationship between the emotion regulation component and the deviant expression component (P=0.548), other components of the emotional intelligence variable showed a significant direct statistical relationship with all the components of hope and also the total hope score (P<0.001). Regarding the strength of the relationships, the strongest relationship was observed between the emotional regulation component and the agency thinking component (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.431). The component of evaluating emotions in oneself and others only showed a statistically significant direct relationship with the job effectiveness component (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.114, P=0.012) and with total self-esteem score (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.031, P=0.031). Moreover, a statistically significant direct relationship was found between total emotional intelligence score and job effectiveness component (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.154, P=0.001), as well as total self-esteem score (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.103, P=0.023). Conclusion: The study indicates a positive relationship between emotional intelligence, hope, and self-concept among nursing students. The results of this study showed that improving emotional intelligence can enhance the skills and performance of nursing students, and it is proposed as an effective strategy for improving patient care in the nursing field.

Background and Objectives: Dietary restrictions in phenylketonuria (PKU) can prevent children’s normal growth, and compensatory intake of carbohydrates and fats can cause excessive weight gain. This study aimed to investigate some growth indicators in PKU patients aged 6 months to 18 years in Hamadan City in 2023. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, the height, weight, and age of all patients ranging in age from 6 months to 18 years, who were registered at the PKU Center of Besat Hospital in Hamedan, were measured and recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and weight information. In addition, the corresponding z-scores were calculated using the online growth calculator software. Z-score values were classified into five levels using World Health Organization criteria. Results: In this study, 80 PKU patients (including 44 girls and 36 boys) were examined. The average age, as well as the average Z-score of height, weight, and BMI for age, were not significantly different in boys and girls. Moreover, 7.5% of children were underweight, 1.3% were severely underweight, 10% were stunted, and 2.5% were severely stunted. Ten percent of children were severely wasted and 6.3% were wasted. On the other hand, 11.3% were overweight. None of these children were obese. Conclusion: In addition to controlling the dietary intake of phenylalanine, it is necessary to continuously monitor the growth indicators of these children and also to control the intake of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients accurately based on the child's needs.

Background and Objectives: This research was conducted with the aim of developing and validating a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory on social stigma, alexithymia, self-compassion, and cognitive fusion of mothers having children with autism spectrum. Materials and Methods: In this research, a mixed research method was used: in the qualitative part, the comparative theme analysis method, and in the quantitative part, the semi-experimental method. The research environment included 52 reliable sources that were selected by purposive sampling based on the healthy human theory and parents of autistic children. The target population in the quantitative section was mothers with autistic children in Isfahan city, 6 of whom were selected by purposive sampling method and participated in the intervention. The tools for collecting data in the quantitative part were the Mak and Kwok Stigma Questionnaire (2010), Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20), Neff's Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003), and Gillanders et al.'s Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (2014). Results: The results of Atride Sterling's theme analysis indicated that 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, currentness, and meaning) were obtained out of 18 basic themes around the overarching theme, a therapeutic intervention based on the healthy human theory. The results of the dependent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and the post-test in all four social stigma, emotional malaise, self-compassion, and cognitive fusion (P<0.05), which shows the effectiveness and validity of the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory on mothers with children having the autism spectrum in the preliminary implementation (pilot stage). Conclusion: The therapeutic intervention model based on the healthy human theory is effective on four variables: social stigma, alexithymia, self-compassion, and cognitive fusion. This method can be adopted to conduct counseling interventions for parents to facilitate adaptation to a similar situation.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study is comparing the Effectiveness of Social-Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL) and Parent Effective Training (PET) on Parenting-Stress, in 6-12-Year-old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design was used with a control-group. The statistical population of this research was all male and female students aged 6-12 with ADHD in Isfahan who were studying in the academic year of 2021-2022.The research sample consisted of 48 parents and students with ADHD who were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Each package consisted of 8 treatment sessions for children and parents, which was package (SEAL) for children and package (PET) for parents. To analyze the data at the descriptive level, frequency tables and graphs and percentages of frequency, average and standard-deviation were calculated, and at the inferential level, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance tests were used. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention at the P<0.05 level. The parenting-stress scores in the experimental-group of the SEAL training-package were lower than the PET-group and the control-group. There is no significant difference between the parenting-stress scores of the two packages in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: The results showed that the parenting-stress after the intervention in the experimental-group is lower than in the control-group, and the educational programs reduced the parenting-stress.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigating of effectiveness of mindfulness-based parenting on mother's parenting stress in children with oppositional defiant disorder in primary school students. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. In this research, the statistical population of the present study was all mothers with children with oppositional defiant disorder in Tehran city during the academic year of 2022-2023. First, 30 people were selected by randomly selected into two experimental and control groups were replaced (15 experimental people and 15 control people). In this study, for people experimental group was implemented in parenting based on mindfulness, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. The instruments used in this study include oppositional defiant disorder rating scale (ODDRS) of Hommersen and et al (2006) and parenting stress index–short form (PSI-SF) of Abidin and et al (2006).  Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of covariance). Results: Results indicated that mindfulness-based parenting significantly improvement on parenting stress in mothers and oppositional defiant disorder (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that that parenting based on mindfulness can be used as an effective intervention in order to improvement the parenting stress in mothers and oppositional defiant disorder in primary school students.

Background and Objectives: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare hereditary metabolic disease caused by the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (PAH) deficit. Delays in diagnosis and treatment have serious effects on the nervous system and reduce the IQ of these children. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 children aged 5 to 18 years with a definite diagnosis of PKU who were taken care of in the Genetic Diseases Control Center, Hamadan Be'sat Hospital. The information of the patients was obtained from the file and interviews with the parents and then recorded in the checklist. For individual measurement of cognitive abilities and IQ, the Stanford Binet Questionnaire was used, and statistical analyses were performed in Stata 16 software. Results: The average age of the children was 11.08 years,52.73% of the samples were children of consanguineous marriage parents, and 29.09% had a history of PKU in the family. The average age of diagnosis was 15.09 months. The disease had been diagnosed in 47% of cases by screening. The IQ of 3.5% of the children was normal, 42% was low average, 43.5% had borderline much lower than average, and 11% suffered from mental retardation. The average age of diagnosis was 5, 15, 13, and 27.5 months, respectively. A significant relationship was found between IQ and the child's age and birth order (P<0.05), disease diagnosis through screening (P=0.009), incidence of failure to thrive disorder (P=0.006), and incidence of specific developmental disorder (P=0.002). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of PKU by screening have an important role in preventing mental retardation. Higher birth order and increasing age are associated with a decrease in IQ; therefore, periodic assessment of IQ is necessary for the educational planning of these patients.