Community Health Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: Physical activity ‘as a very important part of a healthy lifestyle, is entangled with the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of personalized alternate sprint and combined exercise training on blood level of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, fifty-two female patients with type 2 diabetic were assigned to three groups; sprint interval training SIT, combined training and control group according to the HbA1c levels. The combined Group received alternatively 2 sessions per week of endurance training with 70% of one repetition maximum and aerobic exercise training with 60% -70% of maximum heart rate and 1 session per week of only aerobic exercise training. The SIT group received 3 sessions per week of 4-10 reps 30-second Wingate test on the ergometer with maximum effort. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and HbA1c levels were then measured. Data analyzing was performed using dependent t-test and covariance and LSD method.Results: The findings of this study showed that while the HbA1c concentrations reduced significantly in both SIT (p=0.002) and combined groups (p=0.006), serum insulin levels had a significant increase in these two groups; p<0.001) and p<0.000respectively. The data also showed that a significant difference in insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in these two groups (SIT with p<0.001) and combined group with p=0.008). ANCOVA test showed no significant difference in HbA1c concentrations (F=0.597, p=0.556) and fasting blood glucose concentrations (F=1.853, p=0.171).Conclusion: Results indicated that individualized exercise training courses may have a positive effect on bodily structure and blood glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Addiction as one of the most important social deviances is increasingly becoming the basis of many social problems and f harms. Due to changing of their socioeconomic status, students seems to be more prone to the health-threatening habits and behaviors including opium addiction. The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to addiction and related disorders in students of Kermanshah University of Payame-Noor based on social anxiety disorder and quality of life.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 290 undergraduate students of Kermanshah University of Payame-Noor were included using simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool was the questionnaires of SPIN, WHOQL-26, and YRBS. The data was then analyzed using multiple regression, earson correlation coefficients and 21-SPSS software version 21.Results: Twenty-two percent of the participants had social anxiety disorder (SAD). There was a direct and significant relationship between addiction tendency and SAD (r=-0.78, B=0.72, p<0.001) and also low scores of the quality of life (r=-0.69, B=-0.54, p<0.001).Conclusion: Our findings showed that the SAD and poor conditions of life may prone students to opium addiction or other antisocial behaviors. So pre-university education courses for students seems to be of paramount importance.

Introduction: Normal vaginal delivery (NVD) is one of important events in women's life. Compared to cesarean section, it seems that NVD is a safer option associated with lower maternal and neonatal morbidities and also a more favorable emotional relationship between mother and her new born baby. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and to find out the effective factors for choosing normal vaginal delivery among pregnant women in Bushehr city.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, among all pregnant women refereed to the health centers in Bushehr City, 486 pregnant women were included based on stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire during 6 months. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Chi-square test and Logistic Regression were used for analysis of the data.Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.8 ± 5.01 years. The options of NVD and C/S were chosen by 220 (45.3%) and 200 (41%) of women respectively and 66 of women were undecided (13.4%). “Fear of labor pain” and “lower complications rate” were the most common reasons for choosing C/S and NVD, 77 (38.6%), and 114 (52%) respectively. The NVD had a significant association with some factors including; husband's job (OR=0.51, p=0.01), husband's education (OR=0.19, p=0.001), previous C/S (OR=36.5, p<0.001), place of prenatal care (OR=0.40, p<0.001), knowledge (OR=1.3, p=0.005) and attitude (OR=1.26, p<0.001) towards delivery methods.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a regular educational program for pregnant women and also having a meticulous attitude towards the medical indications of C/S may reduce the rate of dispensable C/S and promote of the NVD.

Introduction: Spirituality has been introduced as the fourth dimension of health by World Health Organization. The present research aimed to investigate the relationship between androgenic trends, parenting practices, and negative attributional style and spiritual coping among students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all the students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz who were studying in 2016. Out of these students, 250 individuals were included into the study using convenience random sampling. The tools used in the study included the Androgenic Disposition Inventory (the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)), parental attitude questionnaire, Peterson and Seligman attribution style questionnaire, and spiritual/religious coping scale (SRCOPE Scale). The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, and SPSS software version 16.Results: Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between androgenic trends, high parent dependency parenting attitude, positive attributional style and spiritual coping among the students (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between parent domination parenting attitude, dismissive parenting attitude, negative attributional style and spiritual coping (p>0.05). Regression analysis showed that it is possible to significantly predict spiritual coping in the students using androgenic trends, parent domination parenting attitude, high parent dependency parenting attitude, and dismissive parenting attitude, and positive and negative attributional styles (p<0.002).Conclusion: The findings showed that androgenic trends, parenting attitudes of parents, and attributional styles play very important roles in spiritual coping of students. Therefore, it is necessary for authorities to pay sufficient attention to this matter in future planning.

Introduction: Methadone maintenance treatment is one of the most common therapeutic methods for substance addiction. There is conflicting evidence to be resolved about the effect of methadone on behavior and cognition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methadone maintenance therapy in reducing high-risk behaviors and prevention of recurrent addiction in addicted men in Kermanshah City.Materials and Methods: This study was based on pre-test and post-test design with control group with a quasi-experimental approach. Among all 2472 addicted men with the highest scores of the MAP Care Solutions Program referred to the Zagros Center of Drug Rehabilitation in Kermanshah, 100 cases were selected using convenience sampling. They were then randomly subdivided into two subgroups of50, experimental and control. C and with the highest scores of the experimental group was received methadone treatment. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance and chi-square test by SPSS-21 software.Results: The results showed that the difference between the scores of high-risk behaviors in the experimental group was significant compared with control group p<0.05 so that MMT could markedly reduce the rate of high-risk behavior and recurrent addiction.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, MMT may be an effective method for a successful quitting drug abuse and also durability of the treatment.

Introduction: Health care staff can play an important role in changing nutritional habits and attitudes of a population. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice among health workers in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) in 2016.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 289 health- care staff working at health centers, health units, and health houses of the RUMS were selected by census method. Data gathering tool was a structured questionnaire completed by self-administered NKAP (Nutritional, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice study). Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s multiple comparisons test.Results: Results showed that the score mean and standard deviation of knowledge and practice of the employees were 31.33 ± 5.79 (out of 46) and 14.31 ± 2.60 (out of 20) respectively. Twenty-nine point one percent of samples and 33.2% of them had excellent nutritional knowledge and practice respectively. There was a significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and some of the demographic parameters including; gender, work experience, degree of education (p<0.001), job category, and employment status (p<0.001). This study also found a significant association between nutritional practice and the above-mentioned parameters as follows; gender (p=0.001), work experience (p<0.001), degree of education (p=0.037), job category (p=0.002), and employment status (p=0.003). The primary care staff had a desirable (positive) attitude about the 23 questions (96.5% -62.1%) and an undesirable attitude for 8 questions. (77.9% - 42.9%).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that participants had a well to excellent level of nutritional knowledge and practice. It seems that the nutritional training courses should be revised and updated particularly for male health workers with a lower degree of education or longer years of civil service.

Introduction: One of the most common and troublesome types of anxiety is social anxiety in which individuals experience extreme fear and anxiety when they are faced with society. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the aspects of emotion regulation and social anxiety in married women.Materials and Methods: The research method was correlational. The statistical population included all married women in Isfahan in 2014 from whom 313 were selected through clustered random sampling method. The research instruments were Cotter et.al (2000) social anxiety questionnaire, Young's early maladaptive schema and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, the descriptive analysis method and Pearson correlation statistical method software were applied in SPSS18.Result: Findings showed that the first, second and fifth early maladaptive schemata had a positive significant relationship with social anxiety (p=0.01). Moreover, from the aspects of emotion regulation, the components of self-reproach, mental rumination, catastrophic imagination and reproaching others had a positive significant relationship with social anxiety (p=0.01). However, this relationship was significantly negative with the variables of positive re-evaluation and positive re-attention (p=0.01).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in order to investigate the social anxiety among women, the role of early maladaptive schemata and their cognitive emotion regulation should be adequately taken into account.

Introduction: Nowadays, rapid growth in the internet technology has strongly affected the communicational processes particularly intra-family communication. The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and marital disaffection and satisfaction in married students of Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Shahr Branch.Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 380 married students (242 females and 138 males) were included using stratified random sampling method. The data gathering tools were Yang’s internet addiction scale, Painz’s marital disaffection questionnaire and Graham B Spenir’s marital satisfaction scale. Pearson correlation was applied for the data analysis at 0.05 error level.Results: The mean age of the participants was 25.4±3.62 (SD) years. While a negative significant association was observed between the internet addiction rate and marital satisfaction i (-0.87, p= 0.001) this association was positive for disaffection status (p<0.001, r=0.75).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, unusual usage of internet may have an adverse effect on marital relationship.