Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:7

Introduction: Brain imaging studies have shown reduced activity in the frontal lobe in OCD patients. The aim of this study was to compare the functions of dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in OCD patients, obsessive beliefs group, and healthy group.Method: In this regard 21 college students with OCD, 21 college students with obsessive beliefs, and 22 normal college students were chosen by Madzeli obsessive- compulsive questionnaire, and OBQ-44 test. WCST and CPT tasks were conducted for all subjects in 3 groups.Results: The data analysis showed that there were significant differences between OCD group, obsessive beliefs group, and healthy group in CPT variables (omission and commission error). There were not significant differences between OCD group, Obsessive Beliefs group, and healthy group in WCST variable (perseveration error).Conclusions: Obsessive-compulsive patients have shown deficits in orbitofrontal functions, while this deficits have not seen in Obsessive beliefs group and healthy group.

Introduction: As drug treatment is sign-oriented for depression, anxiety and stress. the aim of this study was to compare scheme therapy and cognitive group therapy on women`s depression, anxiety and perceived stress with high risk sexual behaviors referring to Hamadan health center.Method: This is a semi-experimental study on single stage cluster sampling. The statistical sample consisted of 500 women with high risk sexual behaviors referring to health center for AIDS test at the age range of 20-60 years and educational level of diploma or greater. The psychologists and a physician did diagnostic interview and 250 subjects were randomly chosen using sample volume formula and stress, anxiety and depression scales (DASS, Lovibond, P.F. Lovibond, 1995) were run. 85 subjects were diagnosed to have depression, anxiety and stress of whom 45 were chosen randomly and divided into three groups of 15 consisting of two experimental groups and one control group.12 sessions of cognitive group therapy and 12 sessions of scheme therapy were implemented for 90 min of each sessions. At the end of training period, three groups were post-tested and depression, anxiety and stress components were investigated in pre-test and post-test.Findings: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between mean of depression, anxiety and stress of scheme therapy and cognitive therapy. F (1,39)=54.125 p<0.01.Conclusion: The results showed that scheme therapy is more effective than cognitive group therapy on depression of women with high risk sexual behaviors.

Background: Due to the complex nature and varied symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, different treatments can be used.Objective: The aim of present study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing the symptoms of washing compulsions, anxiety and depression.Method: To do so, 6 women with OCD (pure washing), were selected based on the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and were assigned randomly to CBT or MCT group. In each group, patients received the relevant therapies in 12 one-hour sessions. Research tools included Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) that were completed by patients in pretest, posttest, follow up 1 and follow up 2. Finally, data was analyzed both individually and in group. In individual analysis, we used diagrams, visual analysis and calculating the effect size, while in group analysis, the analysis of variance with one between group factor (two group of therapies) and one within group factor (time of tests) was used.Result: The results indicated that CBT was more effective than MCT in reducing washing compulsions symptoms. However, MCT was more effective than CBT in reducing anxiety and depression.Conclusion: Considering these results, it can be suggested that MCT is more appropriate that the CBT for refractory patients. However, definitive conclusion about the efficacy of these therapies requires more studies.

Introduction: The slower response time to the cued than uncued target refers to the inhibition of return. It has been always questioned which process is inhibited by the inhibition of return.Objectives: This study sought to answer this question by using the psychology refractory period paradigm.Methodology: A visual cue was presented at the cued or uncued location first, which was followed by an auditory and a visual target.Results: Results demonstrated no significant different between the reaction time to the cued that uncued target in short time intervals. But, a significant difference was observed between the response time to the cued than uncued target when time interval was long (p<0.001).Conclusions: Finding suggest that the inhibitory effect might affect the sensory/perceptual stages of processing while eyes are fixated, and the inhibitory effect can be absorbed into the cognitive slack.

Introduction: Previous studies conducted on attachment theory reflect the importance of attachment in different aspects of life. Based on this theory, attachment affects the quality of life and individual differences in methods of coping with stress. Given the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and methods of coping with stress.Methods: The sample consisted of 400 students at the University of Kashan in 2014-2015 academic year. In the first stage, cluster sampling and then stratified sampling was used for participant selection for the study. Hazan and Shaver’s (1987) attachment styles questionnaire and coping styles scale by Endler and Parker (1990) were used for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive methods, correlation, regression analysis and analysis of variance were used.Results: Results showed links between insecure and secure attachment styles on the one hand and problem-solving approaches to coping style on the other. In examining relationships between attachment styles, a significant difference in the results was found for insecure attachment. The use of different coping styles was found to be gender independent.Conclusion: People with secure attachment style use problem-solving approaches to coping style. Based on the results, the formation and strengthening of attachment during growth and development affects adulthood and should be emphasized. Therefore, the creation of secure attachment for students, followed by the correct use of the stress coping styles can dramatically increase success among students in the country.

Introduction: Marriage is one of the five important stages of life which can be planned after graduation and employment. But growing statistics of divorce has become one of the main concerns and obstacles to reaching this crucial goal and it threaten families and society health. The best possible way to prevent divorce is to choose a suitable and right spouse or life partner.Objective: The purpose of the present study is to standardize the Taylor-Johnson temperament analysis scale for Iranian couples so that its reliability and validity can be determined, it may provide a qualitative and quantitative norm and it can be used in premarital counseling.Method: The statistical population of this research includes fiancées, would-be marrying people, and other couples whose marriage was under three years. To validate the test, confirmatory factorial analysis was used and to determine the simultaneous reliability Pearson correlation was applied. Moreover, Alfa Cronbach coefficient and split-half -by modifying Spearman-Brown- were used to validate the test.Result: The findings show that Taylor-Johnson scale for Iranian couples and families has high correlation with marriage satisfaction ENRICH scale. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.92 and validity coefficient of split-half of the test was 0.75 which is significant. Additionally, the finding of factorial analysis shows this scale has also good reliability and validity and its nine sub-scales were confirmed.Conclusion: The finding of the study suggest that “Taylor-Johnson temperament analysis” is a reliable and efficient instrument for pre-marital counseling and can determine the compatibility and incompatibility of the couples.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of initial orientation and movement skills training on orienteering skills and advanced motor skills of Tehrani boys with visual impairment in 2012- 2013 academic year. In this study, a quasi-experimental, single group pretest-posttest design was employed.Methodology: The study population consisted of all blind and visually impaired Tehrani male students aged between 5 and 14 in the academic year of 2012- 2013. The total number of available population, 80 participants, were from preschool, elementary, and junior high schools living in Tehran (members of Shahid Mohebi Complex for the blind and Khazaeli School) as well as all blind students studying in schools in 22 regions of Tehran. Lincoln Oseretsky's questionnaire was utilized. Participants were trained for 12 sessions.Findings: The results obtained from multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of static balance (P<.01, F=7.25), fine motors (P<.01, F=14.56), gross motors (P<.01, F=11.85), coordination of both hands (P<.01, F=8.45), coordination of hands and feet (P<.01, F=22.42) and motor skills (P<0.01, F=8.99). However, there was not a significant difference between eye and hand coordination (P<.05, F=1.20) and speed of movement (P<.05, F=1.20).Conclusion: We can conclude that enough attention should be paid to the capabilities of blind children in different aspects of movement, motor skills in particular. This will develop the autonomy of these individuals and as the result the level of public health will develop.