Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry
Year:2018 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Background: Due to the complex nature and varied symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, different treatments have been used for OCD.Objective: The aim of this study was comparing the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing metacognitive beliefs, fusion beliefs, internal stop signals and control/threat beliefs.Method: To do so, 6 women with OCD (pure washing), were selected based on the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and were assigned randomly to CBT or MCT group. In each group, patients received the relevant therapies in 12 one-hour sessions. Research tools included Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R), stop signals questionnaire (SSQ), thought fusion inventory (TFI) and metacognition questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) that were completed by patients in pretest, posttest, follow up 1 and follow up 2. Finally, data was analyzed both individually and in group. In individual analysis, we used diagrams, visual analysis and calculating the effect size, while in group analysis, the analysis of variance with one between group factor (two group of therapies) and one within group factor (time of tests) was used.Result: The results indicated that metacognitive therapy was more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing the metacognitive beliefs, fusion beliefs and internal stop signals. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than metacognitive therapy in reducing the control/threat beliefs.Conclusion: Considering these results, it can be suggested that overall, metacognitive therapy is more appropriate for reducing the obsessive symptoms. However, definitive conclusion about the efficacy of these therapies requires more studies.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most prevalent and disabling problems in adolescence. Researches have shown that personality traits can predict mood changes over the time, and some personality traits are more susceptible to mental disorder compare to the others.Aim: The aim of the current study was investigation of the relationship between type D personality and it's sub-scales (Negative Affect and Social Inhibition) with depression in female students of senior high school grade.Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The statistical population of the study was all of female students of senior high school grade studying in an academic year (2016-2017) at Shahin Shahr. The number of 126 students were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling method.Tool: Tools that are used in this study were Denollet type D personality questionnaire, and Beck-II depression Inventory. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analyze with SPSS-23 software.Results: Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between type D personality and it's sub-scales with depression in female students (p<0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that between the two components of type D personality, negative affect was good predictor of depression (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to the results and the importance of adolescence, its necessary to consider Effective and suitable strategies in order to reduce negative affect, and enhance healthy social relations in families, Social and educational environments.

Introduction: The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the psychological well-being increase of transsexuals.Method: The pre-test-post-test control group design was used, in which due to participants’ loss and their special conditions, only 20 transsexuals that visited the TS clinic in the 1395 summer were chosen considering the study criterion and were randomly placed in two groups: a) the experiment group (10 people), b) the control group (10 people). In this study the Ryff’s psychological well-being scales-the short form- was used as an assessment tool. The Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used for data analysis.Results: The MANCOVA results indicated that ACT was effective on the psychological well-being increase of transsexuals (P<0.05). The following items probably lead to an increase of the participants’ psychological well-being: creating approval and inclination, concentrating on/commitment to values.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, ACT could be used in order to increase the psychological well-being of transsexuals.

Aim: The study aimed at determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on marital distress, marital conflict, and optimism.Methodology: The study was formed of quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up.24 married women with marital problems who visited the counseling center of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation were selected and randomized into control and experimental groups based on group counseling standards (n=12 for each group). Research tools were Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised (MSI-R), Marital Conflict Questionnaire-Revised (R-MCQ), and Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R). The experimental group participated in ten ACT group sessions. After the ending a posttest was carried out in both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to analyze the data.Findings: The results of the study showed that acceptance and commitment group the rap At the post-test and follow-up stage cause reduces marital distress and marital conflict and increases the optimism. so acceptance and commitment group therapy is effective on marital distress (P<0.05), marital conflict (P<0.05), and optimism (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of the use of ACT group therapy in counseling centers and family education classes to solve marital problems in couples.

Introduction: Lifestyle is one of the common variables in the field of sociology and psychology, which is related to the concepts of mental health.Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the comparison of life style and hardiness in divorced women in Iran (Tabriz) and Iranian women living in Finland (Helsinki).Method: A sample of 100 participants, include 50 Iranian (Tabriz) divorced women and 50 Iranian divorced women living in Finland (Helsinki) were selected. In this study, divorced women were selected by stratified random sampling and based on population ratio. This research was descriptive– comparative. The Kobasa hardiness questionnaire and life style questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using T test (for hypotheses with one component) and MANOVA test (for hypotheses with more than one component).Results: The result of T-test and MANOVA showed a significant difference in life style (F= 3.17, sig=0.03) and hardiness (F=3.04, sig=0.04) variables.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the life style allow emotions, with hardiness can act as a supportive factor against stress and, in particular, the divorce stress.

The discussion about the formation of human`s conceptual and cognitive system has been ongoing throughout history and different theories have been presented in this regard. Among the theories that have been advanced during the last 3 decades, there are some well-known viewpoints that emphasize the role of human embedded information processing in the formation of conceptual and cognitive processes. It is believed that cognition is grounded and cognitive processing depends on the environment on the one hand and the bodily sensory motor system on the other. Our aim in this article is to review some theories of knowledge acquisition in cognitive psychology and cognitive science as well as modality-specific and the so called a modal systems of knowledge representation in the mind.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of the uncompromising initial schemas in the relationship between personality and hardiness.Method: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included students from Payame Noor University of Qom. Based on the first stage sampling, the Faculty of Psychology was selected randomly and 550 persons were available as an example to the Big Five Factor Personality Inventory (Costa & Mc Query, 1985), Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (Yang, 1990) and, Personal Views Survey (PVS; Institute of Hardness, 1985) responded.Results: Path analysis showed that the research model had a good fit and 23% of the variance in the schema of separation and exclusion was explained through the neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, consensus, and task ability. Also, these veins and the separation and rejection schema had the ability to explain 30 percent of the toughness variance.Conclusion: The initialized schemas have a mediatorial role in relation to personality traits and hardiness. Regarding the findings, it can be argued that the personality tracks and the initialized schemas play an important role in predicting student hardiness.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the big five personality and body image in applicants for cosmetic surgery in Isfahan. This research project design was a correlation type and the statistical population included applicants for cosmetic surgery in the second half of 2014 and The first six months of 2015 in Isfahan. According to this purpose, a sample of 315 patients (238 females and 77 males) aged between 16 and 53 years old was selected through convenience sampling method among applicants for cosmetic surgery. Measurement tools of this research included Costa & McCrae's Revised NEO-Five Factor Inventory, short form (NEO-FFI -1993) and Cash's Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ-1997). Data analysis by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression showed a significant positive correlation between a number of personality traits and body image dimensions (p<0.001). Also, the results of regression showed that among personality traits only conscientiousness could predict 2.7% of body image changes. According to these findings, conscientiousness may play a significant role in the tendency of individuals to perform cosmetic surgery.