Scientific Quarterly of Rahvar
Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:48|Papers Count:6

Background and purpose: Vehicle accidents with pedestrians are considered a serious threat to human life, and identifying the accident-prone points of pedestrian traffic accidents is very important in order to manage the traffic safety of this vulnerable group. Therefore, the aim of this research is spatial-spatial analysis of pedestrian traffic accidents.Method: The present study was written using a descriptive-documentary method and with an applied nature, with the aim of identifying environmental factors and their effect on the occurrence of pedestrian traffic accidents, modeling and predicting the occurrence of said accidents. In order to collect the necessary statistics and information, the library method was used, and Geoda and ARCGIS software were used to analyze the spatial data.Findings: The research findings show the existence of a cluster pattern in the spatial distribution of pedestrian traffic accidents. These accidents have been distributed in the direction of southwest-northeast geography, with the center of gravity in the central areas of Tehran.Conclusion:The main foci of pedestrian traffic accidents, mostly corresponding to the geographical location of highways in Tehran, including Azadegan highway (Saeedi bridge area, Kazemi bridge, in front of Tara Bar Central), Imam Reza highway (A.S.), Aghanoor square and Afsarieh bridge, Babaei highway area Astakhar Bridge, the intersection of the streets of the central areas of Tehran, Imam Ali (AS) highway and Basij highway, both in terms of the frequency of pedestrian accidents and the severity of accidents leading to death and injury, are among the most dangerous areas with very high density.

Background and Purpose: Road accidents and the resulting casualties are one of the current challenges of human societies, which have imposed a lot of economic costs on the economies of countries. In Iran, on average, 17 thousand people die each year due to road accidents. In the meantime, the human factor has been mentioned as the main cause of accidents, and many conditions such as fatigue, sleepiness, lack of skills, consumption of alcoholic beverages, drugs, etc. affect the human factor. In this research, the aim was to find challenges and provide solutions in order to prevent accidents and reduce casualties. Method: This research is of an applied type and the method of collecting information in it is mixed exploratory. In this research, using a review of the research background, theoretical foundations and interviews with experts in this field, a questionnaire with 24 questions that includes human factors affecting accidents was compiled and applied to a statistical population of 63 people, which includes Experts and experts in this field were given. Then, the data obtained in this stage were analyzed using SPSS software and quantitative description results were obtained. Then, by using the SWOT method, the four roles of these factors were determined, which was obtained after the analysis of the results (the necessary analysis in this field was carried out using the IFE and EFE matrix formation methods and the necessary ecology was also addressed).  It was possible to recognize the challenges and provide different solutions in order to prevent accidents caused by human factors. Findings: The guiding elements in the prevention of accidents caused by human factors were obtained by the foundation data method, and 24 effective factors in the prevention of accidents caused by human factors were determined by the content analysis method; Using the SWOT method, four roles were calculated, which were 3 weakness factors, 7 strength factors, 6 opportunity factors and 7 threat factors (one factor was ineffective and was removed). By identifying the challenges in this regard with the help of expert opinions, it became possible to provide solutions to prevent accidents caused by human factors. According to the phases that were taken in this research, the challenges of IRI Traffic Police in preventing accidents caused by human factors were identified in the form of weaknesses and threats, and finally after being brought up in the expert meeting and discussion. In this context, the number of 19 solutions to solve these challenges were counted and presented. Conclusion: The results of this research show a plan with 19 solutions whose main goal is to prevent accidents caused by human factors and considering that the human factor is the most important and influential factor in the occurrence of traffic accidents. By implementing the 19 solutions listed by the IRI Traffic Police, an effective step can be taken to reduce human casualties caused by road accidents.

Background and Purpose: Identifying authenticity of vehicles one of the issues emphasized by the experts of numbering and plate changing units, and various reasons may change the authenticity of vehicles, which is unavoidable in some cases, according to the laws of the country. Changes in components of vehicles are examples of such a crimes. The purpose of current research is to identify damages of verifying authenticity of vehicles.Method: This research is an exploratory mixed method in terms of practical purpose. In qualitative part, the statistical population was interviews with the experts of traffic police headquarters using a purposeful sampling method, and quantitative part, statistical population was based numbering experts of Tehran province using a stratified method. qualitative part of the theme analysis method was used using MAXQDA2020 software quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used, validate model obtained from the qualitative part, structural equation modeling was used using pls3 Smart confirmatory factor analysis software.Findings: The greatest effect of vehicle authentication pathology quantitative section related to the dimension of behavioral injuries with a value of 24.361, and then related to dimension of contextual injuries with a value of 17.753, finally, the least impact is related to dimension Structural damage with a value of 4.641 is in Results: With the increase in the number of vehicles and the progress science and technology, need to recognize the damage of authenticating vehicles control and monitor performance of drivers and owners of vehicles using specialized equipment in field of authenticating has become inevitable.  

Background and purpose: This research was carried out with the aim of providing a mathematical model for planning the work shifts of Rahor Fateb police patrols.Method: In terms of purpose, this research was applied, and in terms of its nature, it was an exploratory research of qualitative-quantitative type, and in terms of the data collection method, it was documentary-survey. The statistical population of the qualitative section of traffic experts of the Greater Tehran Police Command and Region 3, including the regional commanders and senior officers of Region 3, with more than 15 years of specialized service in the field of traffic, and the statistical population of the quantitative section is also all employees of the traffic, motor and pedestrian patrols of the region. Findings: The findings of the Delphi method led to the identification of six indicators. Also, a multi-objective linear programming model was designed including two objectives and 9 functional restrictions and signs for patrol shifts.Results: The solution of the mathematical model presented in the study area showed that a lot of burden can be removed from the shoulders of the planners. The model can be implemented for weekly and monthly planning horizon and in other areas of Tehran,

Background and Purpose: Today, with the increasing statistics of accidents, it shows the necessity of creating safety and traffic engineering on the roads, in order to reduce accidents; then accident-prone points must be identified, so that the necessary measures can be taken in this direction. This research aims to identify and analyze the accident-prone areas of Hamadan city.Method: The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical and inferential in terms of its nature and implementation method and is of a quantitative type. Using the accident statistics of Hamadan city in 2022, regarding the segmentation of roads, and with the methods of identifying accident-prone areas, including accident frequency method, accident rate and equal index, accident-prone parts have been identified and ranked.Findings: In this research, it was shown that if the method of frequency of accidents is detect the accident-prone points, highway passages are determined as the accident-prone points, but if the accident rate method is used, the intersections squares are the accident points are identified and if the same method is used, the boulevards and highways will be an accident-prone spot.Conclusion: In this research, it was shown that different methods of determining accident-prone points give different results, and for this reason, it is necessary for researchers to choose the appropriate method depending on the type of their research. This research is also interesting for municipalities, highways and traffic police to pay attention to the type of roads in the reports related to safety.

Background and Purpose: This study was conducted in Mashhad city in 2023 in order to discover and understand the motivations, causes and reasons for staged car accident and drawing its social contexts based on the lived experience of actors in this field.Method: The samples (people with a history of staged car accident at least once) were selected purposefully and the data were collected through the direct narrative interview technique with the actors and analyzed using the qualitative method of thematic analysis. Findings: Among the descriptive findings, indicators such as being a male, being between the ages of 28 and 50, being a migrant are common characteristics of actors, and happening in the middle of the night and lonely roads and dangerous highways are common characteristics of the action of staged car accident. From the theme analysis, we found seven main themes, which are : “Migration”, “Differential bonding and reinforcement”, “Disordered extended family”, “Economic instability”, “Deprivation trap”, “Perception of social inequality”, and “Element of excitement in carnival life”.Results: Staged car accident is a phenomenon that is most related to economic issues or other branches of it, such as inequality and poverty, and the most important motive for staged car accident is to receive blood money and solve financial problems.