JOURNAL OF NEW APPROACHES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Year:2018 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:4

One of the issues facing the transportation system regarding paved suburban roads and airport runways is the icing of the pavement surface, which may lead to accidents. Hence, numerous studies have been conducted to identify which methods to apply to address this phenomenon. Historically, the conventional method to combat this has been to spread salt together with abrasives (sand and gravel) over the pavement surface. Given the corrosive nature of salt as well as the breaking of big ice slabs into smaller pieces, which have the risk of being kicked out and thrown by airplane tires, this method cannot be applied on airport runways. Due to environmental issues, the use of salt is also not recommended. New methods based on thermal energy are the most recent and appropriate ones in this area. Considering the number of different methods, as well as their pros and cons, specific research are needed in this regard to choose the best method in different conditions. In this paper, using a data gathering procedure, conventional together with modern deicing techniques were introduced. Furthermore, given the fact that currently the most widely applied deicing method is to use different chemical substances as deicing agents (deicers), they were introduced in detail, and by investigating their experimental characteristics under the tests of ice melting capacity, ice penetration, and weight loss of concrete specimen in the presence of a deicer in successive cycles, the materials with a better performance were identified. Finally, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) was revealed to show the best performance among different chemical substances.

The consolidation settlement is one of the main geotechnical problems in areas with saturated fine grained layers. This phenomenon evaluation is carried out by borehole drilling, preparation of intact specimens, determination of geotechnical properties of soil and doing consolidation test. The subject of consolidation settlement does not sufficiently studied due to the considerable cost and time, especially in large areas. So the major damage of structures caused by this phenomenon. Types of clay and marl soil layers have spread in different parts of Tabriz city. In the north Fereshteh alley (located in the northeastern part of Tabriz city), the silty clay layers are outcrop. This layers have a significant consolidation settlement potential due to the drainage seepage of the sub-surface waters of the northern mountains of Tabriz. A significant number of buildings in this area have been seriously damaged in recent years. In this research, a geotechnical properties of soil samples (physical, plasticity, strength and consolidation properties), Obtained from drilling machine borehole and test pit, were determined. Initially, geotechnical conditions of layers is described. The allowable bearing capacity of the existing strip foundation, based on Hansen criteria, standard penetration test results and consolidation settlement, were calculated. This results were plotted for several of foundation widths and ratios of length to width. Based on this study results, the consolidation settlement criterion dictates allowable bearing capacity of foundations. So, the allowable bearing capacity of usual shallow foundation is not enough for usual structures in this area. Adequate geotechnical investigations and the use of deep foundations are recommendations and suggestions of this study.

It is very important to use rational and systematic methods in resource management and optimal use of them. These methods should be in such a way as to take into account the potential and potential of the land. Otherwise, irreparable damage to resources and land will occur. The necessity of assessing the ecological potential of urban development use means that the potential of the land concerned is so great that the need to pay attention to how it grows and develops. In this paper, in order to the future development of Agh Sou village in the Kalaleh town in areas with proper ecological potential, the villages of Kohl region according to the principles of land use planning were evaluated. This research has been planned with the knowledge of the importance of the subject and with the aim of studying of susceptible areas to urban development using multi-criteria evaluation method in Kalaleh. In this study, the land suitability for the physical development of Agh Sou district in the four areas studied was based on the seven criteria (general interest and people's tendencies, elevation and gradient of the land, the state of the natural hazards, the distance to the agricultural land, the distance from the surface waters, the area and status relative to heterogeneous applications). In analyzing of information, descriptive and inferential methods were used. In order to weighing of the relevant criteria and parameters, the AHP hierarchical model and the field statistic were used by GIS software. In the following, environmental potentials of the study area were investigated. Finally, the extraction of environmental units and their measurement based on ecological criteria, potentials and potentials were estimated. The appropriate areas for future development of the Agh Souq district were proposed.

Due to the breadth and complexity of water distribution networks, modeling of these networks is essential for proper utilization and proper network management. Determination of network coefficients is the more importance in network modeling. Adjustable coefficients of the model include roughness coefficients of pipes and consumption in nodes. Measurable quantities also include pressure in the nodes and flow rate in the pipes. In a good model of the network, it is expected that the pressure and discharge values that are modeled with the values of pressure and discharge of the observations are equal or the least difference. This is done in the form of an optimization model and by setting the coefficients of the model. In this paper, the roughness coefficients of the tubes are determined by assuming that the values of pressure in the network nodes are known. This work is done in the form of an optimization model in MATLAB software. The particle algorithm is used to optimize. The optimization model is located on a relatively large sample network, i.e. the Gepson network, with 30 pipes calibrated. The results showed that the network in the case of non-categorizing the roughness coefficients of the network of pipes, has the optimal local solution with accuracy in the amount of the actual optimal solution. The network has categorized the coefficients of the actual optimal response. The results showed that the proper classification of network pipe coefficients was effective in determining the exact coefficients, especially for large networks.