JOURNAL OF PUBLIC LAW KNOWLEDGE
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:15 |Papers Count:6

Structural and evaluational in criminal legislation is the role of Vali-e-Faqih through governmental rules and social and subordinate social Fatwas(orders) which are called in this article as “Ahkam-e-Nezamie” (Nezamie rules). The main subject of this paper is to clarify the status of Nezamie rules of Vali-e-Faqih in the structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially in the Guardian Council. This can significantly contribute to create a single procedure in the operation of institutions and legal authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the Guardian Council in citation to the Nezamie rules of Vali-e-Faqih. The author believes in the absoluteness of obeying the Nezamie rules of Vali-e-Faqih by all persons and institutions (with the duty of legislation or measuring the regulations) including the Guardian Council through a descriptive-analytic method based on reliable jurisprudential sources, and comments and decisions of the Guardian Council. Therefore, while examining the regulations and acts of the parliament in terms of consistency or inconsistency, The Guardian Council with the presence of the Nezamie rules of Vali-e-Faqih shouldn’t refer to their jurisprudential views. The comments and decisions of the Guardian Council in this respect have been in some instances different.

Preserving the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its Islamic nature is the unique role of the Guardian Council. According to the last paragraph of principle 4 of the Constitution, determining the consistency of the laws with Islam is devolved to the jurists of the Guardian Council and Constitutional interpretation to the whole members of this council in accordance with principle 98. Important to examine the efficacy of the last paragraph of principle 4 and principle 98 of the Constitution regarding the legitimacy of the Guardian Council and Framed Understanding, consistency of the laws with Islam and Constitutional Interpretation. This article through a descriptive-analytic method examines the inefficiency reasons and doubts including the Circle doubt regarding the legitimacy of the Guardian Council and addresses the responses. In addition, the hermeneutic is considered in the Constitution and besides proving the impossibility of imposing understanding, personal views and subjective assumptions contrary to the criteria, the approach of the Guardian Council is a kind of purposive and intentional originalism. Having mentioned the problems of devolving the Constitutional consistency of the laws to the authorities on matters of religion (Marja’-e-Taqlid), the uniqueness of the Guardian Council in understanding, implementing and interpreting the Constitution has caused that a committed expert of collective wisdom is in charge of Constitutional interpretation.

The informal Constitutional amendment is a process which alters the meaning and concept of the Constitution without changing its text. This process which may happen consciously or unconsciously as a result of the actions of governmental authorities and entities, changes the Constitution outside its formal amendment mechanism and in fact infringes that. One of the issues likely to have altered the Constitution in this way is the adoption of general policies of principle 44 by the Supreme Leader so that as a result of these policies, important evolutions have taken place in the way of investment, ownership and management of those envisioned in the beginning of the principle.This paper seeks to examine the ratio between the general policies of principle 44 and the content of this principle with an analytic approach. The question is whether the Constitution has been changed with these policies or not. Simultaneous regard to the content of the beginning and last paragraph of principle 44, alternativeness of principle 44 from the viewpoint of Constitutional legislator, possibility of devolving the issues set forth in the beginning of the principle to non-governmental sector even prior to the adoption of the mentioned policies and other evidences all prove that the general policies have been in accordance with the Constitution and in line with principle 44.

The concept of necessity and its instances are prescribed in numerous principles of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. These instances can be divided and studied in three categories of legislative, executive and particular cases on the basis of the detection authority which respectively the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the executive power and other institutions except the previous ones are the competent entities. Accordingly, The Assembly is in charge of detecting the governing necessities on the general planning of the economy and the necessity of delegating the power of legislation to internal committees of the Assembly set forth in principle 85 of the Constitution (legislative necessity). The competent authority for monitoring these necessities is also the Guardian Council. The necessity of making restrictions in emergency situations and the necessity of employing foreign experts laid down in principles 78 and 82 of the Constitution are also detected by the executive power (executive necessity) and monitored by the Assembly. Finally, the necessity of appointing a special representative (principle 127) is also in the competence of the president and the council of ministers monitors this detection. Therefore, this article will study the comprehensive concept of necessity in the principles of the Constitution and their detection and monitoring authorities.

Necessary to the Islamic Republic of Iran toward the favorable legal system arising from the teachings of the Sharia is to discover strategies in the Constitution. One of the existing structures in the legal system of Iran which is essential to be redesigned and improved based on the religious teachings is the structure of the legislature. Accordingly, the main question of this research is to present the strategies set forth in the Constitution so as to reform the legislative system in this regard. This paper seeks to answer the mentioned question through a descriptive-analytic research by using the library method. Regarding to the capacities of the general policies of the system, including its status in the hierarchy of laws and obligatory implementation of the general policies, it would benefit from these policies in order to realize the regulatory Ijtihad as a part of the favorable Islamic legislation.

The legitimacy of the Constitutional review authority contributes to its validation and status. This matter most likely convinces all the public and private persons to respect its decisions and also affects its efficacy. Therefore, it is not only useful but also essential to prove the legitimacy of Constitutional review. Accordingly, the question is that although this entityisn’t directly elected, how it can have legitimacy? The assumption of this article is that in spite of such status, the democratic legitimacy can be also produced indirectly and determinant scientific solutions are presented to prove such legitimacy. Reforming the democracy, a historical viewpoint toward the emergence of the Constitutional review entity, the goals of the democracy, respect for minority rights and denial of the tyranny of the majority, and the impossibility to legitimize all the political institutions through direct democracy are as the most important elements which are emphasized in this article as the legitimating mechanisms of the Constitutional review entity. By the way, this article seeks to solve the doubt of incompatibility of democracy with Constitutional review.