JOURNAL OF POLITICAL THOUGHT IN ISLAM
Year:2017 | Volume:3 | Issue:12 |Papers Count:6

The unity of the Islamic world is one of the most important strategic issues which has preoccupied the minds of Muslim thinkers. This issue has become increasingly important, especially with the developments that have taken place in the Muslim world in the past few years. Providing an acceptable perspective and appropriate strategies for its realization requires investigating various reflections and thought processes formed on this issue. [g1] To answer the following question that "how the Muslim scholars ideas on the unity of the Islamic World has changed through the time since the fall of the Ottoman caliphate so far? ", this article aimed to examine the most prominent path-breaking ideas of Muslim thinkers raised on this subject in the contemporary period using a descriptive approach based on two factors of the six parameters of the STEEP (V) method (to describe and not analyze) through the library resources. This study indicated that, while maintaining the position of the single leadership or the caliphate, diverse intellectual streams and several milestones can be seen in this intellectual process. Accordingly, five waves were detected in the intellectual streams on the Islamic world unity which include the caliphate-based, the state-centered, the institution-centered, the people-centered, and the civilization-driven waves.

Religious fundamentalism pushes Muslims to extremism by offering extreme, incomplete, text-based and radical interpretations of religious texts in dealing with the crises of the modern world. Uisng descriptive-analytical and historical-analytical methods, this research attempts to answer these questions; what are the intellectual and theoretical foundations of extremism in the Islamic World? And what are the causes for reproducing of these ideas? The findings illustrate that extremism derives from the dialectic of Wahhabism (Salafism) and fundamentalist radical ideas, and ideologically, these extremist groups utilize the teachings of Ibn Taymiyyah and students of his school, i.e. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Abul A' la Maududi and Sayyid Qutb. In fact, extremists have emerged by misinterpretation of jihad and reproduction of fundamentalist ideas in the form of terrorist groups such as the ISIS, the al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

The relationship between government and people is one of the most important issues that has been defined by scholars in different ways. According to a general classification system, one can say that some believe in a stronger government than the society, some believe in the stronger society than the government and finally, some argue that both government and the society must be as strong as each other. Islamic thinkers including Shahd Beheshti have also been involved with theorizing on this topic. This research is based on the library and documentary methodology and context-centered interpretive approaches and seeks to answer these questions that "what kind of relationship is there between people and their government according to the thought of Shahid Beheshti? and is this type of relation comparable to any existing sociological discourse?" The results obtained in this work indicated that according to the views of Shahid Beheshti, the relationship between government and people is compatible with the strong government-strong nation discourse. Shahid Beheshti's ideas have been studied in terms of four political, economical, judicial and legal aspects. His thoughts on the solidarity and interactions between people and governments have also been examined in all fields and the kind of the relationship discovered according to his views is a two-way relationship based on mutual respect that leads to the creation of a strong government and nation.

The violence of Takfiri groups in recent years has involved countries all around the world. Non-Muslims and Muslims, both Shi' a and Sunnis, have been victims of the violence of Takfiri groups. By contrast, the Shiites response to the brutal acts of these groups has not exceeded the "legitimate defense" level and has not led to any retaliation, which Shiite scholars' intellectual beliefs seems to be one of the reasons behind it. Therefore, the kind of view of Imam Khomeini, as one of the most prominent Shiite scholars on the one hand and the provider of the political Islam differently than the other denominations, has stressed the importance of the phenomenon of assassination and violence. The question of this article is that to what extent takfir and acts of violence against others are related to the political discourse of Imam Khomeini. According to the political and practical discourse of Imam Khomeini, it is believed that takhfir and violence are not the means to achieve the goals... In this paper, the descriptive-analytic method was used which was carried out by a review of documents though the library research method. The most important finding of the article is that Imam, as one of the great scholars of Shiite history, rejects employing takfir, violence and assassination in the political life based on his philosophical foundations.

The present study aimed to examine the attitude of parents and their children towards the political values of the Islamic Revolution. In this regard, at first, the political values of the Islamic revolution in Iran were conceptualized based on Imam khomeini's viewpoint and seven dimensions were considered for it. Theses dimensions included freedom and the proportion of religion with people's idea, Islamic unity, duty orientation and its relation to the outcome orientation, independence and non-interference of foreigners, the link between religion and politics, fighting arrogance and supporting revolutionary militant groups, and defending the suppressed all over the world. Then, the data of the research collected from the 17-25 year-olds of Ilam city along with their parents through the quota sampling method was statistically analyzed. The findings of the research showed there was no significant difference between parents and their children in terms of the sense of belonging to these values only in the dimension of freedom among all seven abovementioned. In other dimensions, there was a significant difference in the degree of belonging of parents and their children to these values. In other words, parents had more sense of belonging to these values than their children. Findings of the research also indicated that despite differences in the degree of belonging of parents and their children to the political values of the Islamic Revolution, they were not so much to be called the generational gap, thus, the generational difference is a better phrase for representing the findings of work.

In the process of developing countries, higher education has a high status. Graduate grades due to the particular education method in which, in addition to education, research is also in the form of dissertations in its agenda; the constituency is the creation of ideas, theories, innovations and inventions. The importance of the end-of-the-mills is due to the unbiased role of research in recognizing and solving problems and the epistemic and objective needs of societies. The design and implementation of theses consistent with the cultural, social and political needs of countries in the field of humanities is a necessity. In the meantime, the nature and ideology of the Islamic Revolution, the necessity of theorizing about the bases of Islamic thought about the political system, inevitably made the nature of the Islamic state and its coordinates inevitable. The necessity of research and thinking about the field of political thought in Islam has been one of the actions in response to this necessity. The present article is a report on a thesis on political thesis in Islam at the Allamah Tabataba' i University, which was defended during the years 2005 to 1393. A research that included the assessment, validation and recognition of theses, their alignment with the objectives of establishing the discipline, and their form and content pathology.