Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
Year:2023 | Volume:13 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background: Tubal ligation (TL) with more than 99% effectiveness considered an irreversible contraceptive method among many couples. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the challenges and problems of women after tubal ligation (TL) and its physical, psychosocial and familial consequences of this method with a qualitative study. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted on 14 sterilized women between the ages of 25 and 40 from March to October 2017 in Rasht, Iran. The participants were selected with a purposeful method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Qualitative data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: The experiences of sterilized women were classified into six main themes: dissatisfaction with sexual and marital life, regret, feelings of resentment and physical-emotional damage, menstrual disorder, feelings of low self-esteem and changes in female identity, disruption of social interactions. Conclusion: Sterilized women experienced a wide range of physical, familial, sexual, and social problems after TL. Therefore, it is necessary to provide effective counseling regarding the positive and negative complications of this method when proposing sterilization.

Background: Paying attention to religion and spirituality as a support tool to reduce anxiety can be investigated. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the association between spiritual experiences and death anxiety in heart failure patients with angina pectoris patients. Methods: The cross sectional study with a comparative descriptive approach was conducted between July and November of 2022. 248 people participated in this study through convenience sampling (124 patients from each group). Data were collected using demographic information questionnaires, Templar's death anxiety scale and daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Data were analyzed using X2, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Quade tests and Fisher's Z transformation in SPSS v.26 software. Results: The mean score of spiritual experiences in heart failure patients was significantly higher than in angina pectoris patients (P=0.010). The mean score of death anxiety in the angina pectoris group was higher than the heart failure group, but this difference was not significant statistically (p=0.205). There was a significant and negative correlation between spiritual experiences and death anxiety in both groups (p<0.001). Fisher's Z transformation test demonstrated that the difference between the correlation coefficient of spiritual experiences with death anxiety in patients of the two groups is not notable (t=0.20, p=0.420). Conclusion: The development of a comprehensive care program including support, facilitation and attention to spiritual desires and needs is suggested in order to reduce death anxiety.

Background: Drug abuse among students is a widespread issue that can have negative consequences on their psychological well-being and academic performance. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between media literacy and tendency to addiction in nursing students in 2022. Methods: The research involved 139 undergraduate nursing students from Zanjan and Abhar School of Nursing and employed non-random quota sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires assessing addiction tendency, media literacy, and spiritual intelligence. The analysis, conducted in SPSS 24, included Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis following Baron and Kenny's mediation method. Results: The results revealed significant negative correlations between addiction tendency and both media literacy (r=-0.33) and spiritual intelligence (r= -0.36). Mediation analysis demonstrated that spiritual intelligence played a significant mediating role in the relationship between media literacy and addiction tendency. The path from media literacy to spiritual intelligence was significant (β= 0.28), as was the path from spiritual intelligence to addiction (β= -0.36). Furthermore, the total effect of media literacy on addiction (β= -0.16) and the direct effect of media literacy on addiction with the inclusion of spiritual intelligence in the model (β= -0.21) were both significant, confirming the mediating role of spiritual intelligence. Conclusion: this study underscores the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between media literacy and addiction among nursing students. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating media literacy and spiritual intelligence into nursing education to potentially reduce the risk of addiction among students.

Background: A suitable approach to improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients with heart failure (HF) is to promote electronic health literacy (e-HL) and encourage self-care behaviors among patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to divulge the association of e-HL and self-care behaviors with QoL in patients with HF. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 patients suffering from HF admitted to the CCU and POST-CCU departments of the Amir-Al Momenin Hospital of Maragheh City, Iran, who were enrolled by convenience sampling. Data were collected using WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), the e Health Literacy Scale (e HEALS), and the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBs) and analyzed using SPSS v. 21 Software. The statistical tests included ANOVA, the independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical linear regression. Results: The Pearson correlation test showed that there was a direct and statistically significant relationship between e HL, self-care behaviors, and QoL (P-value <0.05). The correlation between self-care behaviors and QoL was the strongest (r=0.747, P-value <0.001). According to hierarchical linear regression analysis, self-care behaviors were the strongest predictors of QoL (β =0.647, P-value =0.001). Overall, e-HL (β=0.163, P-value=0.001), self-care behaviors (β=0.647, P-value <0.001), and demographic variables were able to predict 57.6% of the variance of QoL (R=0.576, P-value <0.001). Conclusion: Electronic health literacy and self-care behaviors may play an important role in improving the QoL of HF patients. Regarding the role of these parameters in preventing and managing HF, the health system should pay attention to upgrading these elements by appropriate training.

Background: Emergency medical services (EMS) workers are constantly in exposure to intense physical and mental distress secondary to their obligatory at-once attendance to emergency medical situations. Objectives: This study’s aim was to compare the effect of foot reflexology with olive oil and peppermint inhalation on job stress and fatigue severity among the workers of EMS affiliated with the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a clinical trial conducted on 69 employees of urban and road EMS units. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups. The first intervention group received foot reflexology with olive oil in the stress- and fatigue-reduction regions of the feet for three 20-minute sessions over a 3-month period. For the second intervention group, three drops of 10% peppermint essential oil were poured on a gauze, which was held 10 cm away from the nose. The control group received no intervention. The data were collected using the Esipo and Spokane job stress questionnaire and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: The results of the ANOVA test revealed no significant difference in the overall mean scores of fatigue severity and job stress between the study groups before the interventions; however, the mean scores of fatigue severity (P<0.002) and job stress (P<0.001) showed a statistically significant difference between the study groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of both interventions, each of the interventions can be used to reduce the job stress and fatigue of emergency medical workers.

Background: Marital conflicts are a common phenomenon. Schema therapy is one effective approach to reducing these conflicts by assessing the impacts of individuals' past attitudes and experiences on their current relationships. Objectives: The current research was conducted to systematically investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on marital conflicts. Methods: Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was performed in national and international databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Psych-info, Cochrane Central, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar search engine, and using advanced search strategies up to November 18th, 2021. The selected articles were precisely and comprehensively reviewed. After quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, the required information was extracted from them and conducted a meta-analysis using Review Manager (Rev Man) version 5.2 software. Results: Out of 2921 articles, only 8 articles were entered into the study according to the inclusion criteria, consisting of 239 people in the intervention group and 162 people in the control group. The meta-analysis findings using the random-effects model showed that schema therapy significantly decreased marital conflicts in the participants by SMD=-46.01 (CI: -66.91, -25.11) points (P-value: 0.00001). Conclusion: The use of schema therapy, whether integrated with other methods or individually, is effective in reducing marital conflicts. Thus, it is suggested that in case of a lack of efficient cognitive-behavioral therapy, schema therapy be taken into account as a complementary treatment method.

Background: The available information denotes the increased annual occurrence of breast cancer in Iranian women and the decreased age of developing this disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess risk factors for breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods: The present research was conducted in a hospital-based case-control study on 46 cases and 43 controls from March 2019 to March 2020 in Damghan. The interview was conducted to collect data by a predesigned questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic variables, nutrition and physical activity, and a checklist for fertility, and care items. Descriptive and analytical statistics, including the chi-square and logistic regression models, were used to analyze data by SPSS- ver16. Results: The findings showed that out of 46 cases, only 6 (6.7%) were detected by self-examination and two cases by health workers. The average age of breast cancer in the case group was 53.28 ± 10.4 years. The results showed significant association in many terms of education level, employment status, physical activity, nutrition and fertility factors (OR≤1, P-value≤0.05). Based on the determination coefficient obtained considering the mentioned variables, at minimum, 68.2%, and at maximum, 91% of the changes in the likelihood of developing the risk of breast cancer can be explained. Conclusion: Consistent with most studies, the findings of the current research showed a significant association with the developing risk of breast cancer. Considering that most factors identified in the present study are preventable, there should be effective interventions to control the disease and its complications in society.

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem and amongst the leading causes of disability worldwide. Patients undergoing surgery often experience varying degrees of anxiety. Management of pre-anesthesia anxiety and related factors is an essential and integral part of preoperative nursing care. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the anxiety management strategies for patients undergoing anesthesia focused on non-pharmacological interventions. Methods: This review conducted based on searching in PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct databases and Google Scholar motor engineer using main key words Anxiety and Anesthesia and Surgery from 2000 to 2022. Comprehensive selection and screening process was used to extract information. Conventional content analysis was used for analyzing and interpreting sources that inform this literature review. Results: 35 relevant articles identified inductively, were categorized into "patient-based", "healthcare providers-based" and "environment-based" interventions these strategies. Conclusion: The findings of studies reviewed in the present study indicate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological modalities for management of patient anxiety, particularly preoperative anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended to consider these interventions as safe, effective and simple alternatives to pharmacological approaches for reducing patient anxiety. Patient-based interventions are the most important approach to reduce patient anxiety and nurses should be receptive for the patients’ thoughts and beliefs preoperatively. The majority of studies reviewed in the present study were in this category. The care procedures performed by nurses and other healthcare staff should be based on the needs, values and preferences of patients.