JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL THOUGHT
Year:2019 | Volume:3 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:13

One of the religious buildings and mosques in the Islamic era is the mausoleum of the divine people (in this research the baptized Imams and tombs) who are of special importance to the people because of the sanctity of the mosques. In other words, the burial architecture or the tomb of separation Each society is at different times. In Iran, from the past to today, especially in our Islamic era, we see such buildings. After the arrival of Islam and the change of religious rituals, various functions have been created in accordance with the new religion, or similar functions have been developed or modified, including the tomb. In the Islamic era, as if this tomb was related to people with divine cremations, such as the descendants or the family of the infallible Imams, the names of Imam Zadeh, Tomb, Torbat, Mashhad and. . . were introduced to them and they were respected by the general people and they were a way. There is no doubt that this kind of performance has a lot of cultural influence in Iranian society. Thus, paying attention to the architecture of the tomb in the Islamic period is important, especially in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea. In this research, the Gilan and Mazandaran provinces, which on the one hand were considered as the most important refuge of the Muslim immigrants, the Alavians in the early Islamic Ages, The number of Imams and tombs in this region is higher than in other parts of Iran. However, few studies have been conducted on this area. Thus, the purpose of this research is first to identify the architectural features of such buildings and then to identify their differences and similarities, taking into account the role of the environment and culture in this area. According to the above mentioned questions, the research questions are as follows: What are the architectural features of the shrines of the Islamic period on the southern margin of the Caspian Sea? What role does the environment and culture play in the formation of Islamic tombs in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea? . In this research, descriptive-analytic research method has been used. The samples were 127 cases, of which 16 were selected (typical cases) with high abundance, so that their attributes were attributed to the statistical population. These samples are examined in terms of location, plan and space, body and exterior shape, along with decorations, materials and methods of constructing comparative comparisons. In other words, they are viewed from two general viewpoints-the shape of the space and the body Are evaluated in order to simultaneously examine all aspects of the creation of such a function in this area. The results of the study show that although the provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran are in one line, but due to the semi-closed widespread use of a wooden lattice wall and semi-open or without walls due to religious beliefs, livelihoods of Shibani and the climate in western Guilan, tombs Avangaran with closed burial chamber in eastern cities in the west of Gilan such as Rasht, Lashtenesha, Nasha and Fouman and in the eastern cities of Gilan, due to religious practices and climatic conditions, the presence of four and octagonal domes in the southwestern and eastern mountains Guilan (Roodbar, Amarlou and Dilman) due to geographical conditions and adjacent to other areas such as Ghazvin and Zanjan, the prevalence Shrines in Mazandaran due to custom and beliefs of the people as well as climatic conditions, which are also different in the western and eastern parts of the province, as well as examples of the Qajar dynasty (more than an ivory) in the west and east of Mazandaran; the architecture of the shrines The Islamic period in different regions of these two provinces is influenced by environmental factors (climate and geographical location) and cultural factors (religious beliefs, customs, and customs).

Despite of its important and widespread ethical dimensions, architecture has long been studied and considered as aesthetics, rather than ethics. Any free and autonomic action of human is subject to moral observance and judgment. To build is the most fundamental activity in architecture and has many effects on human, natural environment and built environment. Therefore, it should be a subject of moral judgment. On the other hand, the relation between theory and practice is unavoidable, and ethical theory, which is essentially “ prescriptive” and refers to “ ought” and “ ought not” , has a profound connection with acting and building. The philosophy of ethics, is the study of justifying the ethical positions and reasoning behind our moral beliefs. Normative ethics is a main branch of philosophy of ethics that generally examines good (right) and bad (false) affairs, and examines how to determine morally right and false actions. Three types of theories can be identified in the normative ethics, according to the type of attention to the results of the acts: 1) “ Consequentialist theories” (includes Egoism and Utilitarianism), in which merely the result of the acts determines goodness and evil of the acts. 2) “ Non-consequentialist theories” (includes Natural law theory, Divine command theory, Kant theory), in which the result does not determine goodness and evil of the acts. 3) “ Virtue ethics” , in which the concept of ‘ virtue’ is vital and central. Each of the normative ethical theories has some particular general position and criteria. Special opinion of these theories about ‘ building in architecture’ can be deduced and inferred from their basic and general principles and viewpoints. This research is developmental, in terms of purpose; and its approach is qualitative. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it is based on rational reasoning. The purpose of this article is to study the perspectives of two important theories of normative ethics (virtue ethics and Kantian ethics) about building in architecture. How does define the desired and acceptable building in these two moral perspectives, and what kind of architecture will be result from these two theories? In the first part of the article, that is descriptive, it has been tried to identify and introduce the principles and criteria of two theories of virtue ethics and Kantian ethics through referring to the technical texts of ethics. In the second part of the article, which is analytical and argumentative, it has been tried to infer the basic instruction and their point of view on the acceptable building in architecture through reflecting on the basics and criteria of each theory, with logical reasoning method, and it has been tried to provide some evidences and examples in confirming the inferences. The Research results show that, firstly, there are several deep and serious differences between these two ethical theories; and, second, there is direct relationship between virtue ethics and traditional architecture and between Kantian ethics and contemporary architecture. On the other hand, each of us, often subconsciously, follows rules and maxims in our actions, that can be considered as kind of moral theory. If everyone be aware of his/her ethical position and reasoning for his/her ethical rules that governing his/her actions, he/she can criticize, deepen and transcend them. This paper can also be helpful in this regard.

Many experts confirm the impact of human beings on the environment and the impact of the environment on human behavior and ethics. It can be said that the observance of Islamic and moral values in architecture lead to growth and strengthening of those values in users. But the problem is how these values are manifested in architecture? In this research, determination of the indications of contentment (which is one of the worshipers of the ethics recommended by the infallible Imams (AS)) has been discussed in part of its meanings (opposite meanings of contentment: greed and cupidity). For this purpose, during the process after the semantics of contentment (by using its opposite concepts) the dimensions of the architecture are determined and then the criteria and indicators of contentment are identified. The method of research of recognizing the meaning of contentment is semantics. Logical reasoning has been used in the determination of architectural dimensions and criteria and indicators of greed and cupidity in architecture. The validity of it has been confirmed by 14 architectsFor this purpose, during the process after the semantics of contentment (by using its opposite concepts) the dimensions of the architecture are determined and then the criteria and indicators of contentment are identified. The method of research of recognizing the meaning of contentment is semantics. Logical reasoning has been used in the determination of architectural dimensions and criteria and indicators of greed and cupidity in architecture. The validity of it has been confirmed by 14 architectsFor this purpose, during the process after the semantics of contentment (by using its opposite concepts) the dimensions of the architecture are determined and then the criteria and indicators of contentment are identified. The method of research of recognizing the meaning of contentment is semantics. Logical reasoning has been used in the determination of architectural dimensions and criteria and indicators of greed and cupidity in architecture. The validity of it has been confirmed by 14 architectsFor this purpose, during the process after the semantics of contentment (by using its opposite concepts) the dimensions of the architecture are determined and then the criteria and indicators of contentment are identified. The method of research of recognizing the meaning of contentment is semantics. Logical reasoning has been used in the determination of architectural dimensions and criteria and indicators of greed and cupidity in architecture. The validity of it has been confirmed by 14 architectsFor this purpose, during the process after the semantics of contentment (by using its opposite concepts) the dimensions of the architecture are determined and then the criteria and indicators of contentment are identified. The method of research of recognizing the meaning of contentment is semantics. Logical reasoning has been used in the determination of architectural dimensions and criteria and indicators of greed and cupidity in architecture. The validity of it has been confirmed by 14 architects. Results showed in order to manifestation of avoiding of greed and cupidity in architecture, effective individuals (architect, user and employer) should know your limits, Avoid excesses, Accept restrictions, Avoid bias. In the process of architecture (design, construction and operation) “ Hierarchy of importance” must be noticed, the “ life style” must be identified and proper “ planning” and “ proportion of components with life style" and the “ mortality” " principle must be considered. In sum we can say that work produced by effective individuals has four main features that can be identified in form, function and meaning: regularity, renewability, adaptability and balancing.

A person who naturally desires urbanization and civilization, needs a ubiquitous space to grow on the path to excellence. Contemporary neighborhoods architecture has affected by the physical western urbanism, it has created field of weakness in belonging, and attachment and link the person with the environment. Pattern of constituent neighborhood forms according to religion, thought, culture, customs and traditions of a nation. Based on the experience of living in a traditional neighborhood, sense of solidarity in social relations have concerned in the formation of the Moslim Ummah in this study, it has emphasized weaknesses and shortcomings of Islamic producer pattern. Neighborhood as an anelysis at whale, wich is a city to smaller elewents that we name them neighborhood, in a way that these smaller units and elements get together and create the city. Neighborhood is a collection at different inter-cannected elements and factors wich are. Presentation of exact concept and fotmolation of exact concept and formulation of certain theoretical bases based on worldview and Islamic philosophy can present appropriate pattern for theoretical and practical parts of the neighborhood. on the one, this research is fundamental and theoretical with descriptive approach, analytical and qualitative, it exploits from method of logical reasoning on the basis of the world of God and logical inference. On the other hand, in the field of applied scientific and experimental approach, begins roviding conceptual and practical model from Islamic community of material and spiritual needs of people in developing moral and happy life. In this paper, according to the definitions and the concept of neighborhood, the findings suggest what promotes the sense of community, it is knowledge_based and formation of purpose neighborhood. The purpose of construction neighborhood is not only formation of place but it is higher target places. According to this, what forming a neighborhood in first stage is school or benefits and worldview producer that defined in Islam social thought in the sense of nation. what is concept of neighborhood infrastructure with a systematic pattern of life that started three levels of religious, philosophical, scientific. Also, it applies political and social factors in the formation of neighborhood. The way to achieve the goal of the formation of the neighborhood in the environment and neighborhood of the neighborhood, with the formation of a sacred place with four attributes (safe, alive, clean and peaceful) in the material and spiritual domain and the formation of the Ummah. As a result we can consider the neighborhood based on mentioned pottern life creating factors and vieus in islamic wisdom arrarging and recreation of it thraugh political, cultural and economical factors in accordance with religious, scientifcand philosophical world view place and situation, noture and environment, culture and human and firally principles and valees at islamic and mental criteria that are trying to develope and reinforce the social basis and integrity at social.

" Geometry " and " proportions " are ranked in the category of sciences in the category of mathematics and are known as knowledge of continuous quantities and ratios. Geometry in architectural practice, implies a fixed identity that is responsible for creating the visual beauty and order. The reflection of beauty in Iranian architecture is in fact the balance of components and the proportion between them which is the cause of the relationship between geometry and architecture. Accordingly, the method of applying geometry in the building and city structures provides various definitions about the nature of this science. Hence, this study intends, for the first time, to deal with a systematic analysis of the predicated definitions and viewpoints by the Muslim mathematicians, in order to specify a clearer view of the contents and applications of this knowledge in architecture. Based on this and with the belief that during the views of mathematicians, access to ideas, expression of the nature of the Geometry there; This study is a reliable review, which is done by utilizing the desk study data, to become familiar with the considered theories regarding the state of geometry and evaluate the similarities and differences of the mentioned points of views. The ideas of the Muslim mathematicians in the beginning Islamic centuries are primarily considered, and then their approaches and inclinations about the concept of science of geometry were revealed according to the obtained similarities and differences. The research findings suggest the relationship between wisdom ( religious philosophy ), geometry and architecture in Islamic civilization. By measuring the views of Muslim’ s mathematicians on the nature of geometry and its application in architecture, two dominant views are recognized. So, due to the fact that the Islamic worldview, according to the concepts and phenomena within the universe, has a special role in shaping and advancing science; the specific effect that mathematical science has had on the aesthetic concepts that dominate architecture, as well as, it has considered the follow up of applied geometry from the theoretical regulations adapted from the Islamic philosophical ideas ( doctrine ) to be the cause of mystical subjects beyond the geometric shapes. Therefore, geometry as a part of mathematical science in architecture is regarded as an example by which abstract thinking and Islamic philosophy are the nature of art and industry And they can be coded for the manifestation of the names and attributes of “ Allah ” in the industry. This was the result of collaboration between mathematicians and architects in the early Islamic centuries And continue the process, leading to the creation of an architectural approach that is intended to be an expression of profound ideas associated with Islamic culture in body of the buildings which was founded on the basis of the semantic attitude to the knowledge of geometry in architecture by Muslim mathematicians.

The technology of virtual reality provides the user by an environment so that he can exercise new experience of presence in the environment by simulation of direct perception. This technology was introduced as an amusement tool into the digital world for the first time. Display monitor of this technology does not result from a simple phenomenon, but it is a monitor equipped with some sensors that operate as tracking devices and send some data about the location of user and also the direction of user’ s vision to computer. Individuals experience virtual environments with respect to potentials of platform or hardware, with different appearances. The hardware of virtual environment could be a simple object i. e. a mobile phone and a pair of virtual reality eyeglasses; and or it could be a complex one including cloth-wearing equipment and computer that enables the user to move in thephysical environment. Nowadays, most immersion process in virtual environments is mainly focused on using Head Mounted Display (HMD) that is well-known as virtual reality eyeglasses in the market. A pair of virtual reality eyeglasses include a hood or headwear composing of LCD monitor that places at the front of eyes to present the user a stereoscopic view, produced by computer. The stereoscopic view is related to a process in which two photos are taken from the same object with a slight difference in viewpoint; and then they are seen together which provides an image with depth and stability of the environment The environmental perception is deemed as one of the key topics concerning human-environment relationship at macro and micro levels; and with respect to ever-increasing development for using virtual reality technology, review of addressee's perception by this technology might be vitally important in improving the use of this technology in various sciences and particularly in the architectural field. Accordingly, the present research aims to analyze the potential for environmental perception in virtual reality system by comparative analysis and on environmental perception both directly and through utilization of technology of virtual reality, and also based on the assessment of visual perception components in a process. The methodology of this study is of the empirical-surveying type so that the addressee’ s have looked at space and surveyed it by direct technique and wearing of virtual reality eyeglasses at a time. Given the specialized nature of this investigation for analysis of virtual reality elements, the statistical population of this study was selected from students of architectural disciplines. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed according to Cronbach alpha coefficient and content validity was also approved by the comments of experts. Finally, based research variables, and according to various levels and dimensions of conception, two comparative models were conceptualized among direct visual perception and visual perception through the technology of virtual reality and also were explained based on surveying data by LISREL software. The findings derived from these two models might indicate the strong and weak points of visual perception through the technology of virtual reality versus direct visual perception at different dimensions and levels.

Researching in the area of designing process as the core of architectural education has attracted researchers and instructors attention in recent decades. Almost, in all of the architectural design educational methods students have been considered similar, therefore educational steps present and follow as the same. In fact, personal characteristics of the students who are studying architectural design have been categorized based on their individual differences, exactly in the same way that human characteristics have been categorized. In other words, these students are different in their abilities, knowledge, insights, and transferring them into designing activities. Assuming that join training programs ignore both the development of students’ skills and their creativity improvement, this article is going to prove that architectural design education depends on the learner and his/her individual characteristics and the teacher would not be able to choose a proper method for educating without considering and understanding these criteria. There are different components in the assessment of the individual differences of learners, among them learning styles have been selected as an indicator of individual differences to be investigated in this paper, due to its importance and impact on the architectural education. In addition, creative thinking factor as an indicator which is associated with the learning style will be examined regarding its effect on reaching success in the complex design process which is the subject of the education and learning procedure in this article. Different learning styles for the designing students can be categorized into Convergence, Divergence, Assimilator and Adaptive that each of which is a combination of different skill levels of learning styles. After studying architectural education and educational psychology fields, standard tests (Torrance Creativity Test, Torrance Creative Thinking Test and Kolb’ s Learning Style Questionnaire) conducted in order to study and analyze the students' cognitive differences. Target society surveyed through random cluster sampling among students who have attended to the Architectural Design 2 course, in the Islamic Azad University. The aforementioned course has been chosen because at this level the designer's personality has not been formed completely and his/her responses have not been influenced by the possible ways that teachers use in the design courses and they just have learned some basics of designing in the Architectural Design 1 course. The research continued based on three hypotheses: 1-architectural students’ learning styles are different. 2-architectural students' creativity level differs according to their learning styles. 3-The creative thinking of architectural students varies according to their learning styles. Research hypothesis test was carried out through Chi-square test and one-way variance analysis in SPSS software and proved research hypothesis. The results show that each student has a unique level of creativity and a certain style of learning and student’ s creativity and creative thinking level vary according to the students' learning styles. It is important to know and understand every student weakness in each section of creativity (Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, and Elaboration) as well as the skills of learning styles (Concrete Experience, Abstract Conceptualization, Active Experimentation and Reflective Observation), to define individual solutions in order to reinforce components proportionate to their inefficiency in each section. Hence, guiding students in the Design courses requires recognizing individual differences and providing different educational approaches which depend on the expertise and knowledge of instructor in the field of architectural education. Consequently, with respect to the existence of individual differences the Architectural Design instructor should deal with the students one by one depends on their specific characteristics.

The urbanscape is the mutual point between human and the city. One of the important parameters of urbanscape that could distinguish cities from each other is the urban visual identity and visual aesthetic quality. Building faç ade as an important part of the tiny urbanscape has a great influence on the aesthetic perception of people from the urban environment. This reminds the need to pay attention to it in the process of creating architectural work. The exterior faç ades of a building not only reflect the architectural character but also represent the culture, social, climatic, political and economic conditions of the regions. While until Qajar dynasty, Iranian architecture followed the elements and features of Persian-style architecture, during recent years, many developments have been made in Iranian architecture and the view of the commodity about the buildings which reveals the prevalence of fashion in architecture. According to architects and urban designers, in these years, Tehran has had confused designs and colorful characteristics in the construction, faç ade of residential and public buildings. As the matter of fact, what is known as the architectural style is merely an incorrect imitation of classical, neoclassical, and modern style. In fact, we do not see a particular architectural style in most of the existing buildings. Each of these faç ades is designed by individual architects and designers with different mental patterns that result in formation of current visual effects and identity of the city. So the expertise of an observer could simply affect his or her aesthetic judgment and perceptual processing. This factor could be considered as a distinguishing element in the study of aesthetic perception. Following this matter, the present study aims to recognize and categorize the effect of formal features (physical) on aesthetic perception of the residential buildings faç ade and determine the dominant mental patterns among the architecture experts regarding the aesthetic assessment of the faç ade. The research is a fundamental-exploratory research which uses a descriptive-survey for collecting data and has a mixed research method taken from the pragmatism Paradigm. Identifying the effective factors on faç ade aesthetics was carried out in three parts: 1-Analysis of documentary content, 2-Delphi survey in two stages and 3-Semantic analysis using landscape grammar tool. In the Delphi survey, among the experts involved in the field of architecture designing and education, 12 people were selected by snowball sampling, which was obtained through theoretical saturation in achieving the factors. In the survey step, in order to reach the mental patterns of the experts, a questionnaire that was obtained from above 3 sections, was distributed among 20 of them. Using Q-factor analysis as a method for detecting and reporting the mental patterns of individuals that was performed using SPSS-22 software, showed that among the experts, the four dominant mental patterns included atomic view (constructive details), the atomic view (decorative details), holistic view (frame-oriented) and holistic view (principle-oriented) at the aesthetic judgment of the facade. The use of these patterns, which can be considered as secondary generators of education (both academic and environmental) and personality, can be the ultimate factor in the process of designing and acquiring an architectural product and its aesthetic assessment.

Sense of place and the man's need to interact with the place where they live are among the most important dimensions of a human-place relationship. Sense of place is an important factor in the formation of a person’ s identity. Since an important part of any person’ s identity is shaped in childhood, this period and spaces related to children must be taken into consideration. Given that children spend a major portion of their time in schools, it is essential to pay special attention to the qualitative properties of schools and create a sense of place and vitality in children regarding the school and its environment. To this end, the present study aimed to identify the effective physical indices of the sense of place, specify the effect of each index on the sense of place, and finally prioritize indices by their effects on the students’ sense of place. The main research question was “ what are the factors based on which physical indices of sense of place in school building plans can be categorized? ” This study used a descriptive-analytical survey to achieve research objectives and provide answers to research questions. The effective research factors were compiled in the form of a theoretical frame after their extraction through bibliography and from original documents. The statistical population included elementary education students in east of Gilan Province Iran. A total of 366 students was considered as the sample size with a significance level of 95% and a probable error of 5%. A 54-item researcher-made questionnaire was then distributed among the participants selected using cluster sampling. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used as the test method, based on the results of which the effective physical components of sense of place in elementary school students included spatial layout, Integration, clarity (legibility), flexibility, transparency, scale and proportionality, and influenceability. Among these factors, transparency with an impact factor of 0. 494 and significance of 6. 297 had the greatest influence on the sense of place, followed by flexibility flexibility with an impact factor of 0/371 and significance of 5/588, clarity and legibility with an impact factor of 0/342 and significance of 5/381, integration with an impact factor of 0/301 and significance of 4/510, scale and proportionality with an impact factor of 0/297 and significance of 3/736, and influenceability with an impact factor of 0/232 and significance of 3/123 Moreover, the spatial layout with an impact factor of 0. 207 and significance of 2. 311 had the lowest priority. According to the findings, the physical characteristics of school environment can influence the sense of place in students and, By using architecture solutions can be increase physical indices of the research in school plans and with appropriate organization and layout of the school building plans and creation of high-quality environments can increase the efficiency of students and their vitality. For students to study at a school that is full of a place atachment to their place of study. And this way you can step in to provide the properties of a lovely school from the children's perspective

since the therapeutic environment is hospitalized due to special conditions of users and employees, it requires informed choice of spatial elements. this concern is more important when the patient is low. due to the lack of adaptation of children to the environment and to analyze the problems, it is necessary to create more problems in the treatment environment. in the meantime, according to the studies conducted in the use of internal design results in children ''s environments, especially in the therapeutic space, care should be taken to reduce the feeling of fear of an unknown environment and to minimize their dependence on others. therefore, the present study is based on the hypothesis that providing graphic and functional elements in the interior design of therapeutic space can increase awareness and diverting attention of children to factors other than pain, favorable environment for hospitalized children and consequently stress management. this research which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, in order to achieve the desired goals, first reviews the results of research conducted in the field and then to understand the concept and elements of environmental graphics and related concepts in the design of children ''s hospital environment. then, the study was carried out as a case study by collecting data from children in the form of painting and from their companions by means of questionnaire. in order to analyze the data collected from the children painting software, smart pls software was used and smart pls software was used. finally the results are presented in the form of tables and analytical charts. in general, the results indicate the proper use of environmental graphic elements in order to increase the level of knowledge about the environment and disease and also create the feeling of familiarity with the environment in order to provide psychological and psychological relations to children. The purpose of the present study was descriptive-analytical method, while emphasizing the subject of awareness to the patient''s children about the treatment and conditions of the disease, as well as the creation of anxiety and sense of belonging to the environment, to identify and study the components In the interior design model based on the concept of environmental graphics, the patient''s view of an ideal therapeutic space is shown, so that their satisfaction from the therapeutic space can be increased and based on the quality components The architecture of the medical spheres has been enhanced, making the environment a catalyst for children. Therefore, the information needed in this study was drawn through the drawing of children by drawing children who are the main users of this space, as well as questionnaires from the children''s companions in order to complete the received information about the quality of the optimum therapeutic space. Then, by analyzing the data, while adapting to the internal design knowledge based on the concept of environmental graphics, we tried to find solutions to the problems in the children''s therapeutic environment that would accelerate the process of disease recovery and create a more favorable environment during their recovery.

The combination of Iranian garden with crofts and basins of water in the center of the tree and the wall, with the usual designs of four gardens, in various forms. The mansion or lagoon springs, one of the innovations of Iranian gardening, has numerous functions and abilities, and is made for various uses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the formation of the mansion spring as one of the elements of Iranian gardening and Its rooting in the history and culture of Iranian gardening. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical using historical sources and investigating the existing effects on the subject. The structural number and variety of its functions, the source of the spring of the mansion, and its range are among the fundamental questions of the present study. The results and findings of the research show that the spring of the mansion is an innovative structure in Iranian gardening in which the palace or mansion is enclosed in the water instead of the settlement between the flower gardens and the water flow within them, With special features highlighted. The results of the surveys indicate the influence and expansion of Iranian gardening culture in neighboring and even remote regions. Particularly the publication of the four garden plan, the spring of the mansion and the garden of spring in many parts of India, inspired by Iranian designs in the past, especially during the Timurid and Safavid era. The pivotal role of water in addition to creating atmospheres, gashes and waterfalls, fountains and pools, swimming pools and water wells and ponds and gangways in the landscape and function of gardens, has displayed a variety of unique features that Todays they can be a model for designers and technicians. The results of the surveys show that the spring of the mansions in addition to the geographic regions of the northern strip of Iran, such as the "eil Goli" spring, "the spring of Abbas Abad mansion, " were built in other areas. Iranian gardening has gone further in its evolutionary process and created a garden within the water of the lake and pools, which are known as "Garden Fountains". The construction of the fountains of the mansions, despite the difficulty of carrying out such projects, and the cost of it, were based on the many attractions that it had for the builders to justify Documents such as historical texts and drawings and drawings left some of these uses point to the fountains of the buildings and depicted them. The use of these places to perform musical scenes and dance and singing in the shade of the tree, and the breeze and the pleasing view of the water have been the commonplace of kings in these places. For this reason, the parable has been used to express the beauty of these types of gardens, but this, despite their artistic, cultural, scientific and technical values, does not justify the sanctity of such works. It was a necessity to create royal gardens along the highway along the roads for resting the shrine and forcing the rulers to rest. The interest of the Safavid kings, especially Shah Abbas, has been included in the construction of facilities and buildings between the way of the construction of gardens on such routes and the creation of resorts, and it has become inevitable.

Daylight has always been a major factor in the design of architects and engineers especially in daylightophil architecture. It is significant to concentrate on improving the comfort of the interior by optimizing the natural light level today is one of the important issues in the reconstruction and improvement of space, especially in office buildings. The quality of light and visual comfort in office spaces has a direct relationship with the level of employee satisfaction. On the other hand, with the increase in energy consumption, the need for optimization and efforts to reduce its consumption, especially in developing countries, has been increasing, which has led designers to use renewable energies. Solar energy among renewable energies plays an important role in providing lighting requirements. The optimal use of solar energy not only provides for users a favorable environment but also reduces energy consumption for cooling and heating of the environment. Combinations of external shading devices as facade shading systems are essential aspects of the optimization of daylighting in building design. There are different types of shading to create optimal conditions in the interior spaces. One of the effective ways of designing shading is to take into account the weather conditions and the state of the sun and the amount of light demand. As a result, one of the important factors in improving the energy efficiency of a building is controlling the amount of light entering the space, and the only part of the building that directly enters the sunlight is the window, so using the Louvers to control the amount of penetration of sun radiation is indispensable in space. A louver, which is one type of sunshade system, is mainly confi gured to acquire adequate solar radiation and control over lighting. There are many ways to analyze and design the exterior facade of the building and the window system, where the difference in design and design materials has a strong impact on the internal comfort and external beauty of the building. The use of daylight in a wide range of Iranian cities, including Tehran, is due to the geographic location and high sunny hours during the year. The main objective of this research is to optimize daylight through the use of external louvers and measure the amount of lighting in the interior. The purpose of this research is using artificial intelligence and algorithmic programming in order to estimate the proportions and specifications of external louvers and to propose a model for designing the southern openings of office space for smart energy consumption and providing the level of light required for the interior. The method of research is logical reasoning, hence, using administrative spatial simulation, parametric projection of louvers and optimization of parameters (rotation, length, distance from the window, reflection and number of louvers) using a genetic algorithm to design louvers of the window which is located in the south has been analyzed according to solar radiation conditions in Tehran. The results indicate that the use of external louvers is highly effective in controlling and improving the quality of lighting.