Health and Development Journal
Year:2023 | Volume:12 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

AbstractBackground: The satisfaction and quality of family life play a crucial role in the growth and development of family members.The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive-behavioraltherapy (CBT) based on the approach of Muslim scientists on marital intimacy and resilience in couples.Methods: This research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest in the experimental group (ACT) and the comparisongroup (CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists), along with a control group. The statistical population included all couplesreferring to dispute resolution councils in the city of Kerman in the first half of 2023. The sample size consisted of 45 peopleselected purposefully, with 15 people randomly assigned to each group. The experimental group received ACT-based interventionand the comparison group received CBT-based intervention based on the approach of Muslim scientists, both for twelve 75-minutesessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the Walker and Thompson’s MaritalIntimacy Scale (1983) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (2003). Data analysis was conducted using SPSSversion 27 software.Results: The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences in the scores of intimacy and resilienceamong the ACT, the CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists, and control groups. The comparison of training effectivenessindicated that the ACT group was 17% effective in improving marital intimacy and 17.7% effective in enhancing resilience. Incontrast, the comparison of training effectiveness showed that the CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists group showed0.22% effectiveness in marital intimacy and 29.2% effectiveness in resilience.Conclusion: According to the results, CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists can be used to promote marital intimacy andresilience in couples experiencing marital conflicts

Background: The main goal of all organizations is to improve organizational performance and achieve development and excellence.The most important factor contributing to this goal is the cohesion of social capital. The stability or cohesion of the social capitalis achieved through a positive psychological state. As medical universities play a vital role in the health system, they always needdevelopment, dynamism, and optimization of organizational performance. To this end, the present study sought to investigate therelationship of social capital and psychological capital with organizational performance at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences.Methods: The data in this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study were collected using the questionnaires developed by Felícioet al and Luthans et al. The participants (n = 250) were selected from the staff working at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences usingmulti-stage random cluster sampling and the Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using Anderson and Gerbin’s two-step approach.Results: The data revealed that psychological capital had a significant positive relationship with social capital and organizationalperformance. Moreover, social capital had a significant, positive, and incremental relationship with organizational performance.In addition, psychological capital had an indirect and incremental relationship with organizational performance through socialcapital. In other words, psychological capital indirectly improves organizational performance by increasing social capital.Conclusion: The findings from the present study suggested that psychological capital had a significant positive effect on socialcapital, confirming the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between psychological capital and organizationalperformance

Background: Electronic tests are one of the consequences of the influence of technology in education. Given the pivotal role ofstudents, an awareness of their attitudes toward electronic tests can help improve the quality of these tests. This study aimed toinvestigate the attitudes of students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences toward electronic tests.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences in westernIran in 2021. The students were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information formand a researcher-made questionnaire to examine students’ attitudes toward electronic tests. The collected data were analyzed usingSPSS-22 software.Results: The data showed that 51.4% of the students had positive attitudes about the use of electronic tests, 31.0% had negativeattitudes, and 17.6% of the students had no opinion. Furthermore, 61.7% of students had relatively positive attitudes toward thestructure and system of electronic tests, 41.4% were positive about the compatibility of tests with the teaching model and thenature of their fields of study, 55.8% expressed positive views about test security and its stressors, 44.4% of the students proposedsolutions to improve the quality of electronic tests, and 53.6% of the students had moderately positive attitudes toward electronictests compared to paper and pencil tests.Conclusion: The findings suggested that more than half of the students had positive attitudes toward electronic tests and their fivedimensions. Accordingly, educational managers and planners need to develop a suitable framework and set requirements forimproving the electronic infrastructure for administering electronic tests

Background: During the outbreak of infectious diseases, the occurrence of numerous psychological reactions in nursing personnel islikely to increase, affecting their mental health. The present study aims to investigate the frequency and causes of nursing errors andtheir relationship with occupational stress in nurses of Sirjan hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2021, 301 nurses from Sirjan hospitals were included in thestudy as census. The individual and occupational characteristics information questionnaire, the Nursing Errors Questionnaire, and theOsipow’s Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 19.Results: According to the results of this study, 41.2% of nurses reported their occupational stress to be severe. Illegibility of thedoctor’s medication orders (46.8%), Giving the wrong medicine to the patient (46.2%) were the most common nursing errors.Based on the results, 68.4% of nurses reported the lack of nurses as the most common cause of nursing errors. Also, regarding therelationship between each part of the nursing error questions with the occupational stress mean scores, reading medication ordersincorrectly (P = 0.008) and sending the wrong blood sample (P = 0.002) had a significant relationship.Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of occupational stress and nursing errors, nurses should work in a calm environment thatmakes appropriate nursing interventions possible and avoids ward overcrowding. Furthermore, nursing managers should act toprovide necessary standards, such as appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio and continuous training on infusing drugs

Background: The sudden emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic worldwide has led to numerousproblems for patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetics, due to the lack of required information to deal with the disease. Thepresent research aims to investigate the design and psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire ofdiabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The present methodological study aimed to investigate the design and psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-CarePerformance Questionnaire. The face and content validity were assessed through both quantitative and qualitative studies. Forthe quantitative study, 100 diabetic patients were randomly selected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reliability of thequestionnaire was assessed using the internal consistency method by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Results: The original version of the questionnaire was designed with 82 items and the final version with 56 items (awareness [32items] and self-care performance [24 items]) with seven areas, including disease characteristics, prevention ways, ways of diseasetransmission, disease symptoms, disease risk factors, diet, and care methods. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.97, the contentvalidity ratio (CVR) was 0.93, and the internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.80 using Cronbach’s alphacoefficient, showing the appropriate validity and reliability of this questionnaire.Conclusion: The Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of diabetic patients in the COVID-19 pandemic possessesthe required validity and reliability to evaluate the knowledge level of diabetic patients in infectious pandemics, such as COVID-19,and it has the applicability to be used in similar conditions. It is suggested that the questionnaire’s construct validity be measuredto enhance the content validit

Background: Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is an evolving therapeutic approach that has shown promise in the treatment ofgeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD). Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the impact of MCT on rumination, self-concept, andperceived social support (PSS) in women diagnosed with GAD.Methods: The current quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Thestatistical population consisted of women diagnosed with GAD in Tehran in 2022. The research sample comprised 36 womenwith GAD, selected through purposive sampling and allocated into an experimental group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 18).The experimental group underwent ten 90-minute sessions of MCT, while the control group received no intervention. Data werecollected through questionnaires to assess GAD symptoms, rumination, self-concept, and PSS. The collected data were analyzedusing multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) via SPSS version 24.Results: The findings indicated that MCT led to a significant decrease in rumination from 53.61 ± 3.25 to 48.94 ± 3.45 (P < 0.001)and an increase in self-concept from 70.55 ± 2.87 to 74.16 ± 2.74 (P < 0.001) among women diagnosed with GAD. Additionally,the dimensions of PSS were significantly enhanced: support from significant others increased from 15.72 ± 1.34 to 18.50 ± 1.20(P < 0.001), family support increased from 17.78 ± 1.22 to 20.50 ± 1.91 (P < 0.001), and support from friends increased from16.22 ± 1.74 to 19.01 ± 1.30 (P < 0.001).Conclusion: The findings from this study underscore the potential of MCT as a tailored intervention for enhancing well-being andreducing anxiety in individuals diagnosed with GAD, highlighting its relevance for clinical practice and future research endeavors

Background: This study aimed to identify COVID-19 mortality risk factors and relevant laboratory markers to inform preventionand treatment strategies.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran, involving 1561 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 2019 and2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from hospital records and analyzed using a logistic regressionmodel.Results: The mortality rate attributed to COVID-19 in this study was 24.7%. Identified risk factors for mortality included intubation,multiple chronic conditions, liver or kidney disease or cancer, low RBC levels, and abnormal creatinine (Cr) levels. The adjustedodds ratios (adjOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these factors were as follows: intubation (70.75, 14.07:355.84),concurrent chronic diseases (24.29, 3.25:181.24), liver or kidney disease or cancer (5.13, 1.21:21.81), low RBC levels (5.21,1.24:21.79), and abnormal Cr levels (5.09, 1.21:21.43).Conclusion: The findings from this study indicated that several factors, including intubation, multiple chronic conditions, liver orkidney disease or cancer, and low Cr levels were associated with a higher risk of death from COVID-19. These results highlight thesignificance of continuous monitoring and specialized care for patients exhibiting these risk factors to reduce the risk of COVID-19mortality