SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:6

Rapid urbanization and lack of urban readiness for accepting emerging social conditions have led to the formation of low-quality of urban environments in many developing countries. This issue has directly affected the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the variables affecting citizens' satisfaction about the quality of urban environment in Ardebil’ s District 4. This research is an applied and developmental purposely and descriptive-analytical methodically. A sample of 382 people has been questioned. For data analysis, one-sample T-test and independent T-test, multiple regression analysis (Enter), Variance or F test, and Scheffe's test to examine the difference between several groups has been used. The results of this research show that residents' satisfaction from the quality of urban environment is at a low level. So that the level of satisfaction with the quality of the urban environment is lower than the theoretical. Independent T-test and Variance test showed that type of occupation, education level and settlement duration, affect the level of citizen satisfaction from urban environment quality. Other personal characteristics do not affect the quality of the urban environment (age and gender) in citizen satisfaction. The residential environment variables have a far greater proportion compared to other variables in predicting the dependent variable.

In the last two decades, polycentric development has attracted much attention in the theoretical literature and political documents. Polycentric advocates that spatial pattern can create a balance between conflicting goals of economic competitiveness, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability on a large-scale. So far, many studies have looked at the effectiveness and efficiency of hypotheses raised to polycentric structures, but few studies have considered the relationship between land prices and affordable housing. In this regard, first, the provinces of the country were measured with two indicators of spatial and city size distribution. Then, using a bivariate regression, their relationship with land price indexes, land price growth and affordability of housing were investigated. Research findings support polycentric spatial patterns. So there is a positive and significant relationship between the spatial distribution of cities and the distribution of cities and land prices. Also, the balanced distribution of urban centers in the territory of the land could partly control the growth of housing prices. In addition, there is a relatively strong and significant relationship between polycentric and affordable housing indices. Consequently, polycentric structures seem to be more resilient in higher housing prices at peak times.

The growing urbanization and the lack of integrated urban management have led to inefficiencies in urban planning, as these inefficiencies are more visible at the " Neighbourhood " level. In this regard, attention to sustainable urban-local development is possible when local councils have devoted a special role to it. Accordingly, this paper, by survey-analytical method, field and library studies, has been compiling information from residents of the Amir-Abad neighborhood to evaluate the role of local councils in sustainable urban development and its relation to urban biomass. In order to do this, the researchers for field studies have prepared a questionnaire in 25 variables including social, economic, health, housing, environmental and cultural indicators, and then distributed to residents of Amir Abad neighborhood. Therefore, SPSS software has been used to analyze residents' views on the stability of Amiraabad neighborhood. Also, the question of the present article is; what is the relationship between the local councils and its sustainable development, and how can these councils help to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the localities? The results of the research indicate that the Amir Abad Neighborhood Council, with a fundamental shift in the planning of neighborhood development, can pay attention to the ecological, economic, social, political and cultural stability of the neighborhood in the direction of sustainable development of the neighborhood. Finally, it can be said that with the coherent management of the neighborhood, local sustainable development can be realized for bioaccumulation.

Considering that regional development planning is among national and local planning, preparations, the areas of the country must be balanced. One of the factors violates this imbalance is rural immigration, so establishing conversional industries can be a barrier for immigration. Based on the value of agricultural conversional industries in creating employment and income, and the potentiality of agriculture in Zanjan-Rood District, there is a need for taking steps to locate the industry in this sector. In this research, the Analytical Hierarchical process (AHP) has been applied to locate the industry, so that the layers were limited using the criteria in ArcGIS first, and then using the Weighted Overlay command the layers were combined and the final map is gotten. Indicators used in this research are 15 natural and human ones and they were prioritized according to experts’ and professors’ opinions. In this research, the limitation of the complications has been determined in accordance with the criteria for the establishment of the industry provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (Human Environment Department). Finally, the most desirable location map regarding some of the indicators from the final map is obtained by using the ArcGIS software. Thus, using the VIKOR method, the villages have been ranked in terms of rural services. The high-ranking villages are chosen as the most desirable place, as well as some other indicators, such as proximity to the main road, the railway, the proximity to the Zanjan-Rood River, gas and electricity transmission line and avoiding the rift valley are affected to this choice.

In the last half of the century, the decentralization of the state is known as one of the key means of development regarded as a democratic process. Decentralization opponents argue against decentralization by eliminating internal unity, increasing internal conflicts, and complicating law enforcement, undermining the state and dividing the country, and proposing the idea of a "strong government as a centralized state". However, the decentralization of the central government to the local government provides grounds for the allocation of powers and powers to local communities, which will not only undermine the government, but also a clear demonstration of legitimacy and democracy in practice. Of course, decentralization requires legal and, at the same time, executive preconditions that affect the empowerment of the state in providing public services, participation and social education, and development of the local economy. The results of this study indicate that decentralization, if properly designed, could increase democracy without undermining the power of the state and, at the same time, give up a degree of power and authority to local communities. Decent decentralization expands the levels of participation and legitimacy, which reduces the cost of maintaining order, increasing the requirement for law enforcement, and reducing the need for government to use power, which ultimately all of the foregoing development.

Generally, Sustainable development focused on the balance of economic and social environmental goals and it will bring a very prosperous outlook in the future. livability refers to a set of sustainability subjects which directly influenced on Community members. Therefore, livability is a way to sustainable development. In this regard, purpose of the present study is to investigate the rate of livability in the NourAbad Delphan city for it leads to sustainable development. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical, using a questionnaire and direct observation tool. Therefore, a combination of quantitative and qualitative method is used. The statistical population of this study was all citizens of NourAbad city, which totaled 66417 in the year 1395. To estimate the sample size, a Cochran formula was used that number. The sample was 384 according to this formula. After determining the sample size, the questionnaires were distributed randomly among the citizens. In addition, the researcher in person has directly observed the indicators studied at the city level. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and T single-sample tests, Friedman test The results of this study showed that the dimensions of Livability in Nourabad city were not coordinated and not equal, and then the environment with a total of 3 favorable and average indicators was 2. 55 times higher than that of the city and more consistent with the criteria of the city of Livability. Subsequent to the total of 6 indicators, 2 indicators of education, Social solidarity and social status, and the four indicators of the amount of leisure time services, health services, social security, social participation, and unfavorable status. The average score of the social dimension was 1. 90. The last stage of the economic adventure was characterized by four indicators, which indicate that the housing and consumer goods in the optimal situation, the transport indicator, and the infrastructure are also relatively favorable and the employment index is in an extremely unfavorable situation. The undesirable index of employment in the city has not only greatly reduced the Livability, which has caused permanent and seasonal migrations and especially young people in the city of NourAbad. Thus, the dimensions of the habitability in the city of NuorAbad are associated with severity and weakness, and the greater the extent of the environment to the Moving social and economic dimensions reduces the severity of Livability.