JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE
Year:2024 | Volume:15 | Issue:3 (پیاپی 59)|Papers Count:7

Purpose: The current research was done with the aim of conceptualizing the integrity to curb the phenomenon of administrative corruption. Honesty will be a suitable concept to curb administrative corruption. Because it tries to identify the cases of integrity violations by introducing a specific health approach and discourse and took steps to curb the phenomenon of administrative corruption. Self-righteousness also provides a suitable mental and practical model for moral development in the organization.Design/ methodology/ approach: The current research is a narrative review method. In this method, scattered sources are studied and focused and coherent conceptualization of a variable or phenomenon is attempted. It is tried to examine and review various sources and from among them, related concepts and materials are extracted and provide a suitable description of the concept under review to help the reader in a clear understanding of the concept.Research Findings: The findings of the present research have shown that honesty is important for curbing administrative corruption in dimensions and concepts such as integrity, honesty, professional responsibility, being free from corruption, impartiality and accountability, acting on the basis of virtues such as justice, courage and moderation, health and ethics and It means a clear reflection on ethics, considerations of laws, including the transparency of laws and regulations, is a comprehensive moral or spiritual act that together provides a suitable ground for curbing administrative corruption. Finally, the meaning of moral courage and heroism in the formation of moral standards has been correctly expressed. In other words, when righteousness is manifested in a person or persons, moral courage and heroism emanating from it are declared. Fairness is a concept to fight corruption. Therefore, Dore Maigi offers a new approach and perspective to the old problem of corruption, which can serve to curb administrative corruption. Corruption and health are not two sides of the same coin and it is necessary for public policy makers to focus on the proper promotion of Maigi in addition to focusing on defeating corruption.Limitations & Consequences: Semantic limitations and the existence of different views on the issue of corruption on the one hand and different interpretations of correctness on the other hand have been a limitation that has strengthened the necessity of the current research. Corruption includes numerous examples and cases that make it complicated and difficult to deal with. On the other hand, correctness is one of the concepts with many examples and meanings and interpretations that can make it difficult to understand this phenomenon. Nevertheless, dealing with correctness introduces a new perspective and approach in curbing administrative corruption.Practical Consequences: If, along with the fight against corruption, the development and promotion of proper management is done, the control of administrative corruption will be more powerful and effective. Focusing on correctness not only reduces the possibility of administrative corruption but also plays a role in curbing and controlling it. In addition, it causes the growth of moral dimensions, which brings added value and a greater effect of curbing administrative corruption.Innovation or value of the Article: Introducing the correct concept of corruption not as the second side of the corruption coin, but as an area and field that can be considered in the service of curbing administrative corruption, and has its own paths, methods and literature, has created value in this research. Righteousness causes human excellence and his growth and progress in indicators and criteria that provide moral, human and spiritual development and the like. Rightly, Maigi pays attention to all the aspects and being of the person and tries to support moral and human excellence by putting together positive capacities and confronts and curbs administrative corruption by highlighting the discourse of ethics and health.Paper Type: Review Paper

Purpose: Iran has unfavorable scores in energy architecture indexes, especially for economic growth and development and environmental sustainability, compared with the world average. The direct effect of renewable energies in both mentioned indexes reinforces the necessity of considering different dimensions of energy architecture indexes for policy making for renewable energies in Iran. Considering the small share of renewable energies in the country's energy portfolio and the consequences of renewable energies on environmental sustainability and economic growth, in this research we try to identify the components of a policy model for the development of renewable energies in Iran that would lead to an increase in energy share with renewable sources as well as an improvement of the energy architectural index, especially in the economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model for the development of renewable energy development policy with an emphasis on energy architecture indicators.Design/ methodology/ approach: The research method is qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population in the qualitative part is the professors and experts of the renewable energy industry, and in the quantitative part are the managers and experts active in the energy industry. Data collection in the qualitative part is conducted through the results of previous studies and interviews, and in the quantitative part using questionnaires. In the qualitative part, theoretical sampling and in the quantitative part, simple random sampling are used as sampling methods. For data analysis, the analysis method is conducted for the qualitative part, and PLS, MAXQDA, and SPSS softwires and structural equation modeling techniques are used for the quantitative part.Research Findings: The research resulted in a model for renewable energy policy making, including contexts, processes, and consequences. The components identified for the context include national laws and legal requirements, environmental requirements, international sanctions, the economics of investments, and the international laws and requirements. The components identified for the processes include integrated management and planning, energy security, and social culture and technology development, and the components of consequences include economic development and export development. The results of the quantitative part one of the hypothesis are not confirmed, while the rest of the hypothesis is confirmed.Limitations & Consequences: The performance of the country in energy architecture indexes, in addition to renewable energies, is also influenced by the policies related to non-renewable energies like oil and gas; thus, comprehensive and independent research is required and suggested to future researchers.Practical Consequences: National laws and legal requirements, international sanctions, international laws and requirements, economics of investments, and environmental requirements have a significant relationship with the development of renewable energy policies.Innovation or value of the Article: In this research, a new model is presented for the policy making in the development of renewable energies with an emphasis on energy architecture indicators for the first time, which is highlighting the originality of this article.

Purpose: Government organizations are increasingly susceptible to the influence of the political landscape, as noted by many organizational theorists. This has led to efforts by proponents of "New Public Management" who believe these organizations should be insulated from undue political influence, specifically in the areas of corruption, pollution, and political bribery. However, these attempts have yielded limited success. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting political bribery in the selection of managers of government organizations, to design a model of political bribery in the selection of managers of government organizations, and to identify the indicators and components of political bribery. Furthermore, the study seeks to: present a model addressing political influence in managerial selection, along with its key aspects and indicators, to inform future decision-making. Promote the selection of government agency managers based solely on meritocratic principles (competency-based selection) and their commitment to the organization, ensuring the process is free from undue political interference.Design/ methodology/ approach: In terms of Paradigm, this research is interpretative. In terms of fundamental purpose, the present research is of the qualitative research type, inductive research approach, and the appearing (Glaser) database strategy has been used. Glaser believes that the theory should emerge naturally and creatively from the heart of the data; this approach alone makes it possible for the theory to emerge. This emerging feature was performed by Maxqda’s specialized software. Statistical community in the qualitative section, experienced experts include experienced managers of government agencies. In this research, the selection of the research sample in this section is of a saturated and purposeful level.Research Findings: The interviews were continued until new codes were added to the categories; in this research, we reached theoretical saturation with fifteen interviews. After initial coding and extraction of themes and categories, four semantic structures were formed, whose core or main variables include: 1) organizational nepotism; 2) political bribery; 3) the silent cry of talents within the organization in the impasse of promotion; and 4) the destruction of the economy in the cycle of inefficiency. There were appointments, which is based on Glaser strategy and contrary to Strauss and Corbin's theory, which does not impose the theory on the data in advance. Rather, grounded theory is allowed to emerge during the theoretical and comparative coding process. This process according to the capability of the Maxqda software and in the overlapping part of the implementation and the theory or model of this research appeared in the software, according to which organizational nepotism with 13 indicators, 4 subcategories, and 2 main categories The name of the predictor or independent variable is political bribery with 17 indicators, 6 sub-categories, 3 main categories as the central variable, and two other variables, including the deterioration of the economy in the cycle of inefficiency of appointments with 27 indicators, 7 categories. Sub-categories and 3 categories and the silent cry of intra-organizational talents in the glass impasse of promotion, including 20 indicators, 6 categories, and 3 categories, appeared and were extracted as outcome variables.Limitations & Consequences: Due to the negative concept of the research topic and managers' fear of its consequences, it caused conservatism in responding, and gaining their trust took a lot of time and energy from the researcher.Practical Consequences: This research shows that organizational nepotism and political bribery are two destructive factors in the selection of managers of government institutions. These phenomena have led to the selection of inefficient and unhealthy managers, destroyed the motivation of the forces within the organization, and had unfortunate economic and social consequences. The results of the present research are also worth pondering from a theoretical point of view because the presentation of the model of political bribery in the selection of managers of government agencies helps to enrich the theoretical literature. On the one hand, considering that in government organizations, especially those that are more influenced by politics, the selection of managers is influenced by politics and happens based on political bribery, the results of this research can help in solving the problem. And she is trying to follow the path and mature the model and test it by other researchers. In the future, we will witness the observance of the principle of meritocracy in job promotion and the correct selection of managers of government agencies. Also, the results of this research show that political conflicts are one of the most important harms of the current system of appointments in government institutions.Innovation or value of the Article: In this research, the feature of the appearance of the model (Glaser method) has been done by Maxqda specialized software.Paper Type: Original Paper

Purpose: Undoubtedly, the sustainable and all-round development of organizations depends on the presence of a competent management team at the head of those organizations. The governance of meritocracy in administrative institutions causes many transformations and changes and, as a result, promotes human capital and the development of countries. Establishing a meritocracy system in organizations can lead to ensuring social justice, increasing motivation, dynamism, creativity, innovation, and mobility of managers, reducing administrative and financial corruption, increasing organizational productivity and optimal use of departmental budgets, and developing human capital. The meritocracy approach is one of the most effective and efficient approaches to creating group cohesion in the organization. By using this approach, the organization can take steps as a coherent system to advance its anticipated goals. Also, the meritocracy approach aimed at employing competent forces seeks to ensure that high-level managers of sports organizations have the necessary expertise, ability, and competencies to prevent corruption, various abuses, and waste of resources while increasing productivity in these organizations. Therefore, it is very important to employ people in suitable positions with their abilities, especially in sports organizations that have their conditions in the form of a meritocracy system. Examining the current conditions in the sports field of the country shows that there are many problems and obstacles in the management of sports organizations and the proper management of human resources. The absence of specific rules and framework in the employment of sports managers, political work and game politics in sports, unnecessary administrative bureaucracy, instability in managerial positions with the transfer of governments, lack of performance clarification, lack of meritocracy culture in sports, downplaying the issue of sports, lack of sportsmanship of high-ranking managers of organizations sports, etc. can be considered among the challenges in the path of meritocracy in sports organizations. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to investigate the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach.Design/ methodology/ approach: The research method is of a qualitative type, which is considered practical in terms of its purpose, and it is an exploratory type of research in which a thematic analysis method is used. The research community was formed by the senior managers of sports organizations and faculty members of the sports management field of the country's universities. A non-probability targeted sampling method was used to select the interviewees. The research sample included 21 senior managers of sports organizations and sports management professors in the country. To collect data, a semi-structured interview with experts was used, which continued until theoretical saturation. MAXQDA20 software was used to analyze the interviews. Also, in the current research, the method of agreement between coders and determination of the Feliss Cappa coefficient were used to calculate reliability. Finally, the Feliss Cappa is 0/70. It was found that there is good agreement between the coders.Research Findings: Based on the findings of the research, the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach, including 132 open codes, were obtained, which were placed in 16 subcategories. From the obtained subcategories, 7 core categories were obtained, which include: individual factors (general competencies, intellectual competencies, belief competencies, political competencies, scientific-specialist competencies, management competencies, communication competencies, economic competencies), political factors, economic factors (economic conditions), legal factors (legislation, rule of law), social factors, cultural factors, and organizational factors.Limitations & Consequences: Unfortunately, it was observed that part of the research community was not at the head of sports organizations based on meritocracy. Also, the findings of this research were only related to sports organizations and cannot be generalized to other organizations.Practical Consequences: The findings of this research can practically pave the way for success and achieving goals in these organizations by providing a coherent framework of effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach. The growth and success of the country's sports organizations will undoubtedly lead to the elevation of the country's sports in all aspects.Innovation or value of the Article: The subject of the research has not been studied in the country so far, and this research was investigated for the first time in sports organizations.Paper Type: Original Paper

Purpose: In the field of governance and regulation of the legal services market, countless challenges and opportunities have emerged that require detailed and comprehensive investigation. The increase of new technologies, the changing needs of society, and the increasing diversity of legal services have put pressure on the traditional systems of governance and regulation of the legal services market. The purpose of this research is to identify, analyze, and comprehensively evaluate the key factors and components affecting the governance and regulation of the legal services market in order to provide suggestions for improving and enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of these systems in response to contemporary challenges and upcoming opportunities. This research tries to provide a deeper understanding of the complexities of governance and regulation in this market and provide practical solutions to improve access to effective, transparent, and affordable legal services.Design/ methodology/ approach: The method used in the present research is the meta-synthesis. In order to use the meta-synthesis method, various methods have been proposed. To achieve the goals of this research, Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step method was used. After the preliminary studies of a library of 364 researches and the selection of 37 selected researches during the years 2000 to 2023, the factors and components affecting the governance and regulation of the legal services market were identified. After several rounds of reading and reviewing the coded data to refine and improve the set of themes, 269 characteristics were identified. In the next step, the codes obtained from the previous step were analyzed and combined in the form of concepts, and the identified codes were categorized and combined based on the degree of conceptual similarity. At this stage, the extracted codes were classified in the form of 26 concepts, and the concepts identified at a higher level in the form of 7 key components and factors.Research Findings: The results obtained from the research show that the factors of laws and regulations, professional standards, quality of regulatory institutions, training and professional development, competition and market, technology and innovation, and ethical principles are the factors influencing the governance and regulation of the legal services market, which in researches have been analyzed from different perspectives to evaluate and improve the governance systems of the legal services market and the legal profession. According to the identified factors of integration and regulation of comprehensive laws and regulations in the field of legal services and the activities of regulatory and union functions of regulatory institutions to prevent conflicts by policymakers and passers-by, as well as the standard for determining the best professional practices. All professional and legal aspects, continuous training of legal market actors such as lawyers and consulting services, preventing monopolies and ensuring healthy competition, paying attention to innovations in the field of legal technologies, and providing and maintaining ethical standards by regulatory bodies will promote the efficiency and improvement of the governance and regulatory system in the legal services market.Limitations & Consequences: Access to information, diversity of legal and regulatory systems, continuous changes in laws and regulations, and limitations related to the generalization of results to other environments and markets, especially considering the wide legal and cultural diversity, are among the limitations of the research.Practical Consequences: This research can have important and diverse practical consequences that help to improve the performance and efficiency of the legal services market. These consequences include the following:Developing more effective policies: The research results can help governments and regulatory bodies develop policies and regulations that respond more effectively to the challenges in the legal services market.Increasing transparency: Identifying the influencing factors can help increase transparency in how regulatory bodies and service providers operate, which strengthens public trust.Improving access to legal services: This research can play a role in identifying barriers to access to legal services and providing solutions to resolve these barriers.Strengthening collaboration among stakeholders: Research can identify areas of common ground between government, service providers, consumers, and other stakeholders and help strengthen collaboration and coordination among them.Increasing stability and flexibility: Identifying effective factors and components can help the legal services market to be flexible and stable against rapid social, economic, and technological changes.In sum, research in this area can lead to the improvement of the overall performance of the legal services market, so that the interests of all stakeholders are provided in the best possible way.Innovation or value of the Article: This research is innovative by adopting a multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary approach, and instead of focusing only on legal and economic aspects, it also includes social, cultural, technological, and ethical aspects, which helps to identify more complex factors that affect governance and regulation.Paper Type: Original Paper

Purpose: The Holy Qur'an is full of principles and foundations that can be the light of the way for better service from the agents to the general public. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the behavioral competencies of street-level bureaucrats based on Quranic verses.Design/ methodology/ approach:  The approach of this research is qualitative and its method is content analysis. For this purpose, Quranic verses related to the behavioral competencies of street-level bureaucrats were first analyzed and coded. Then the identified codes were compared, analyzed and categorized with other authentic Islamic texts. Research Findings: Findings shows that the behavior of street-level bureaucrats and many issues and challenges related to it will affect the satisfaction of citizens. The most important behavioral competencies that were counted from the Quran and Islamic texts in this case include: justice, anti-tyranny and fairness, commitment to work, trustworthiness, good company, patience, moral virtues, the ability to solve problems, provide information and respond accurately and calmly. The dimension of "justice and anti-tyranny and fairness" includes the components of "justice among people, not oppressing oneself and others, oppression by non-believers". The components of the dimension of work" include "responsibility and accountability, acceptance of one's mistakes, advice for tact and rationality, and keeping promises". The dimension of "trustworthiness" consists of 4 components: "observance including promise and trust, handing over the trust to its owner, being trusted, and maintaining and informing about assets and resources". The components of the "Patience" dimension were identified, including 4 components "Patience and Endurance, Punctuality (the value of time), reward for meritorious actions such as patience, patience against the enemy's harassment". The components of the "good association" dimension include 11 components of "cooperation and participation in good deeds, sacrifice and self-sacrifice, forgiveness (forgiveness), forgiveness and correction, peace and humility, effort and its reward, moderation and moderation." , mocking and not looking for fault, goodness and service to servants (citizens or general people), anger, and spending" were identified. The components of the dimension of "informing and responding accurately and calmly" including 4 components of "informing role, helping people and the disabled, respecting the rights of others, and paying attention to the environment as a way to meet needs" should be identified.Limitations & Consequences: It is obvious that with a longer investigation and time, a larger number of Islamic sources that have emphasized these indicators can be obtained. In this research, the effect of each competency on the organization's performance and citizens' satisfaction has not been determined.Practical Consequences: If street-level bureaucrats have superior behavioral competencies, public satisfaction will increase and this will help to increase public trust, and ultimately, human and social capital will be improved. In this research, the effect of each competency on the organization's performance and citizens' satisfaction has not been determined. In future studies, it is suggested to investigate the correlation between the competencies of street-level bureaucrats and the performance of relevant executive bodies, as well as to study and research the relationship between the competencies of bureaucrats and the variables of citizens' satisfaction with the provision of services and public trust and the level of administrative health. At the same time, evaluating the performance of the government and governments based on the performance of the administration, one of the examples of which is the behavior of street level bureaucrats, can be considered in future researches.Innovation or value of the Article: First, most of the articles emphasized job analysis, which is a retrospective approach, but in this article, it focuses on the behavioral competence of government employees, and most of the articles examined the competencies of managers and high-level officials, but in Here, the competence of street-level bureaucrats was emphasized. Also, in previous studies, Islamic and Quranic texts were rarely used to adapt behavioral competencies.Paper Type: Original Paper

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to implement interpretive structural modelling to determine the role of free zones in the country's economic development. The necessity and importance of conducting research is that considering the role of free zones in the economic development of most countries, our country has taken noteworthy measures with the establishment of the first free zone in 1369 until today, but unfortunately, these zones are due to various reasons. , including the structure of the government administration, lack of requirements and conditions for commercial-industrial activities, inappropriate location, lack of proper implementation of related laws, lack of necessary guarantees for foreign investment, and most importantly, legal obstacles related to the structure of the administration, redundant investment procedures, and  Due to severe bureaucracy, the free zones of our country have not yet reached their true position and have not been able to play a significant role in the economic development of the country, and this research seeks to identify the factors that affect the promotion of the role of free zones in the economic development of the country and provide a model in this regard.Design/ methodology/ approach:  In terms of method, this research was qualitative-quantitative research that was conducted in the qualitative part with interpretive structural modeling. The intended statistical population is made up of experts familiar with the subject of the research, including university professors (experts in the economic field) who are among the scientific experts and officials in the field of free zones and the economic field (in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, the Secretariat of the Supreme Council of Commercial and Industrial Free Zones and the Free Zones faction of the Islamic Council), as well as legal experts in the free zones. And the data was collected and sampled theoretically through scientific interviews with 15 of these experts. In the second step, in order to validate the model obtained from the first step, a questionnaire was designed and distributed in the target statistical community, and after data collection, the validity of the model was investigated using statistical analysis.Research Findings: The results of the current research show that the status of all indicators except the reform and communication index and the risk reduction index are favorable in the model; According to the influence-dependence diagram, the variable "implementation of policies and knowledge-orientated" has a high influence and has little influence and is placed in the independent variables area. "Development of special advantages of free zones" variables have a high influence and dependence; therefore, they are linked variables. The two variables of "facilitating the process of affairs" also have high dependence but little influence; therefore, they are considered dependent variables. The variable "economic functions and capabilities" is also placed in the first quadrant, which is the autonomous region.Limitations & Consequences: It was not possible to include other important intervening variables in the research due to their great complexity; also, the information was obtained from a single source and it is prudent to generalize it to other areas.Practical Consequences: The implementation of an interpretative structural model to determine the role of free zones in the country's economic development leads to a better understanding of the decision-making environment by managers.Innovation or value of the Article: Despite the great importance of free zones in the economic development of the country, no research has been done on the implementation of interpretive structural modelling of the role of free zones in the economic development of the country. The current research is the first step in this field.Paper Type: Original Paper