Journal of Clinical Care and Skills
Year:2023 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Aims: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as a second epidemic of the 21st century, causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in patients. This study was designed to determine the causes of not vaccinating against COVID-19 in the eligible population of Fars province.   Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in December 2021 to March 2022 on unvaccinated people of Fars province, Iran. The data of 12889 individuals were added to the study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist with closed-ended questions that were completed through a telephone interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software through descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test. Findings: The largest age group was 25 to 35 years old (19.8%). The percentage of unvaccinated females was significantly higher than males (p<0.001). Homemakers and college and school students were the occupational groups with the highest frequency of not receiving the vaccine. The considerable reasons for not being vaccinated are the side effects anxiety, and lack of belief in the vaccine conspiracy. Conclusion: The women of reproductive age and college and school students are the most frequent unvaccinated groups. Having an underlying disease and the lack of follow-up by the healthcare staff are the most frequent reason for not being vaccinated.

Aims: One of the cancer treatments is chemotherapy. Anxiety is one of the important symptoms of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Considering the effect of lemon aromatherapy on improving anxiety in patients without cancer, maybe it can also improve the anxiety of patients with cancer. This study aimed to determine the possible effect of lemon scent on the nausea and vomiting of patients undergoing chemotherapy.   Instrument & Methods: This is a one-sided blind clinical trial study, which was carried out on 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran in 2021-2022. Patients were randomly divided into two test and control groups. During chemotherapy, three drops of lemon essential oil were used and in the control group, 3cc of water were poured on a paper napkin. The subjects were then asked to breathe normally. This method was used once a week for 4 weeks during chemotherapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Findings: The mean age of intervention and control groups were 52.20±9.63 and 51.48±12.29 years, respectively (p=0.81). The mean duration of the disease of intervention and control groups were 40.04±27.53 and 35.32±19.57 months, respectively (p=0.48). No significant differences were seen between two groups in the demographic characteristics; sex, marital status, education level, underlying disease, and cancer type. The ANOVA test with repeated measures showed no significant decrease in overt and covert anxiety of patients over time (p>0.05). Conclusion: Aromatherapy with lemon essence has no effect on the overt and covert anxiety of the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Aims: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder. Deficit in sensory functions is one of the characteristics of people with autism, and usually these people show abnormality in processing and correct interpretation of auditory information. Also people with Autism show problems in communicating with others. This review article deals with the accurate understanding of Auditory processing skills of autistic children compared to normal children is done to clarify the auditory processing disorder in this group.   Information & Methods: This systematic review was conducted in articles published from 2002 to 2022 in the field of electrophysiological evaluations of auditory brainstem in autism spectrum disorder by searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Findings: Disorders were observed in the brainstem electrophysiological responses of patients with ASD compared to the normal group. The results of studies of auditory brainstem evoked responses with click stimuli showed an increase in wave V latency and I-V interpeak latency in ASD subjects compared to normal groups. Studies of brainstem evoked responses with speech stimuli also showed a decrease in amplitude and an increase in latency. Conclusion: Auditory processing disorders in verbal and non-verbal stimuli in people with autism spectrum have been reported. Most studies show disorders in speech stimuli, which play a very important role in communicating.

Aims: In recent years, the incidence of thyroid disorders including thyroid malignancies has increased rapidly. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological information of the patients’ undergoing thyroidectomy in Yasuj. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in patients undergone thyroidectomy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Yasuj city, Iran. All eligible patients with thyroidectomy from 2014 to 2018 whose records were complete (136 cases) were selected by census method. All patients’ profiles were reviewed and data were gathered by a checklist including age, sex, place of residence, occupation, education, type of the salt consumed, family history of diseases, histories of iodine therapy and radiation exposure, type of surgical operation, and pathological reports. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, paired T, and ANOVA tests in SPSS 16 software. Findings: The mean age of patients with colloidal goiter was significantly higher than the mean age of patients with papillary carcinoma (p=0.013). There was no statistically significant relationship between smoking and the pathological diagnosis (p=0.12). No statistically significant relationship was found between the family history of thyroid diseases and the pathological diagnosis (p=0.068). Conclusion: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most prevalent malignant tumor, and the protrusion of the anterior neck is the most common symptom.

Aims: Lamiaceae family are compromised the majority of species of the family have essence that was used for the nutritional, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil from aerial parts of Bollota aucheri with its antibacterial and antifungal activity of it compared with fluconazole. Materials & Methods: This clinical laboratory research was conducted on the flowering aerial parts of B. aucheri that were collected during 2020-2021 from Zagros mountains in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. The essential oil of this plant was tested for antibacterial and antifungal properties and compared with fluconazole.  The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) and the antifungal activity of the plant essential oil was compared with fluconazole. Findings: Generally, β-Caryophyllene was the main compound of B. aucheri essential oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil of the fruit of B. aucheri and fluconazole were 0.078µl/ml and 1µl/ml for Candida albicans, 0.078µl/ml and 0.5µl/ml for C. glabrata, and 0.078µl/ml and 0.178µl/ml for C. parapsilosis, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oil of B. aucheri could be used as a bactericidal and fungal alternative to antibiotics against microorganisms. Antifungal activity of B. aucheri essential oil is stronger than fluconazole.

Aims: Supporting the family and educating the parents helps them in taking care of their infants. Recent developments in mobile technology have created many opportunities to enhance people's health and welfare. this study aimed to compare the educating effect of Nonahal application and face-to-face method on mothers with infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study with comparison group was done in the mothers of premature infants hospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord city, Iran, in 2020. The sample size was calculated 35 individuals in each group. Data collection tools were demographic information checklist, Avant questionnaire and weighing scale. Independent T, paired T, Fisher’s exact, Chi-Square, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS 18 software. Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups of application and face-to-face training after the intervention in weight gain and attachment between mother and newborn and its subscales. Infants’ weight increased significantly in both groups compare to before after intervention (p<0.001). However, attachment score and care subscale improved in app group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using the Nonahal application can increase the mother-infant attachment score and with the increase in newborn weight, the total attachment score in the app-based education group increase.

Aims: Although the preliminary studies have reported that some ABO system antigens may predispose individuals to COVID-19 infection, their findings are still under debate. The present study aimed to investigate the association of ABO blood group with the risk of COVID-19 infection, its hematology findings and mortality. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in all patients referred to Shahid Jalil Hospital in Yasuj city, southwest Iran, due to the possibility of infection with COVID-19 from May to October 2021. Totally, 182 patients were recruited using the census method. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, independent T, and one-way-ANOVA tests in SPSS 21 software. Findings: The ESR, red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly different between the COVID-19 negative and positive groups. There were no significant differences in ABO blood types between the COVID-19 positive and negative groups according to gender (p=0.148). There was no significant association between the ABO blood group phenotypes and the mean of demographic and laboratory information in the COVID-19 positive patients. Conclusion: There is no association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection and its mortality.

Aims: Pregnancy is a stressful process and nursing is also one of the most stressful jobs for women. The addition of occupational stress in women nurses can exacerbate pregnancy stress and affect pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and adverse consequences of pregnancy in nurses.   Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the population of married women with a history of pregnancy in the nursing departments and operating rooms of medical education centers in Isfahan city, Iran, in 2018. Totally, 325 female nurses who had the experience of just one pregnancy while working in the nursing profession were selected using census method. Data collection tools were the OSIPOW occupational stress inventory and a reproductive health researcher-made questionnaires. The data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 16 software by Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings: The mean of occupational stress score was 160.0±19.5. There were no significant relationships between the mean of stress score of the subjects with the demographic parameters except the standard noise level in the workplace (p=0.004). There was a significant relationship between occupational stress and spontaneous abortion at 20-37 weeks (p=0.009). Conclusion: The level of stress in most of the nurses is moderate to severe and there are no relationships between the stress score and adverse pregnancy outcomes.