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The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased in recent years and put additional strain on the health systems of most countries. Although great progress has been made in the treatment of these diseases, so far no effective treatment has been found that can block the progression of these diseases. In recent years, there have been reports of inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein by extracts or natural compounds derived from medicinal plants. In this review article, we tried to review some of the medicinal plants that have shown these effects in electronic databases. Some medicinal plants including Curcuma longa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Vitis vinifera, Apocynum venetum, Centella asiatica, Rhus succedanea, Maclura pomifera Allium sativum and Ginkgo biloba have been found to show anti-Tau hyperphosphorylation effects and therefore can be considered as adjuvant therapy in Alzheimer disease (AD). The essential oils or natural product of some medicinal plant inhibited the Tau hyperphosphorylation in studies and as results are suitable options in treatments of neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive destruction of behavioral and cognitive functions. Various therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively change the course of AD. In recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as a hopeful potential treatment for Alzheimer's. Stem cells can differentiate into various types of cells, including brain cells, potentially replacing damaged cells and improving cognitive function. Objectives: In the present study we investigated the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amniotic membrane (AM-MSCs) on neural progenitor cells (NPC) treated with Scopolamine. Methods: NPC cell was provided by the Iranian Biological Resource Center. To expose these cells to Alzheimer's situations, scopolamine (0. 05 mg/ml) treatment has been used. The inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane was evaluated by using the co-cultivation method. The expression of amyloid beta (Aβ), TERM2, Tau, and ABCA7 genes, was assessed in NPC cells co-cultivated with AM-MSC by Real-time PCR. After the Co-culture of AM-MSC and NPC cells for 72 hours, we evaluated the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein in Co-cultured NPC cells by immunocytochemical test. Results: Results of Real-time PCR and Immunocytochemistry showed that in Co-culture of AM-MSC with NPC decreased Aß, TREM2, and Tau gene expression and increased ABCA7 expression. As well, the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein enhanced. Conclusions: AM-MSCs have attracted much consideration. MSCs have the capability of immune regulation, regeneration, and neuroprotection These cells are a potential candidate for cell therapy due to their easy accessibility and compliance with ethical issues.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive destruction of behavioral and cognitive functions. Various therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively change the course of AD. In recent years; stem cell therapy has emerged as a hopeful potential treatment for Alzheimer's. Stem cells can differentiate into various types of cells, including brain cells, potentially replacing damaged cells and improving cognitive function. Objectives: In the present study we investigated the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amniotic membrane (AM-MSCs) on neural progenitor cells (NPC) treated with Scopolamine. Methods: NPC cell was provided by the Iranian Biological Resource Center. To expose these cells to Alzheimer's situations, scopolamine (0.05 mg/ml) treatment has been used. The inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane was evaluated by using the co-cultivation method. The expression of amyloid beta (Aβ), TERM2, Tau, and ABCA7 genes, was assessed in NPC cells co-cultivated with AM-MSC by Real-time PCR. After the Co-culture of AM-MSC and NPC cells for 72 hours, we evaluated the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein in Co-cultured NPC cells by immunocytochemical test. Results: Results of Real-time PCR and Immunocytochemistry showed that in Co-culture of AM-MSC with NPC decreased Aß, TREM2, and Tau gene expression and increased ABCA7 expression. As well, the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein enhanced. Conclusions: AM-MSCs have attracted much consideration. MSCs have the capability of immune regulation, regeneration, and neuroprotection These cells are a potential candidate for cell therapy due to their easy accessibility and compliance with ethical issues.

Lung cancer stands as the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is mainly influenced by delayed diagnosis, even with available therapeutic alternatives. The most recent studies indicate that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved with maintaining homeostasis in cells, particularly in gene expression regulation. Hence dysregulation of these ncRNAs may develop cancer. ncRNAs in biofluids like blood, urine, saliva, serum, and plasma exosomes provide a non-invasive and less painful approach to detecting lung cancer progression. In this review novel studies for subclasses of ncRNAs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNA) have been summarized to determine the most Potential biomarkers for prognose lung cancer.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most common mental disorders that causes many problems in the occupational and social functioning of the patient. In this review article, we have tried to provide a comprehensive study of various areas of this disease, including pathophysiology, diagnosis, and especially OCD treatment strategies. It seems that the optimal treatment option for this disease is drug therapy, and among these, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are of special importance. However, when the severity of the disease is low or moderate, non-pharmacological strategies such as behavioral therapy and sports intervention therapy may be desirable.