JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2006 | Volume:57 | Issue:179|Papers Count:11

In this research, it has bestride to survey the short narration of Ibrahim Adham Repentence being selected from four major mystical texts. At first each text has been divided into a few statements. Then based on different codes, they have been classified. After a comparison through the narrative structure frame work, their narrative characteristics have been found out. In fact, a scientific narrative style of these literary pieces has been done as well.

In this research, it has been tried to detem1ineand introduce the relationship between the mystical experience and paradoxical expression. In the first section the major function of these two categories in language has been considered. In the other section some significant questions have been scientifically answered. These questions are:Is the paradoxical expression the internal characteristic of the mystical experience?Can the content of the mystical experience be only conveyed with the paradoxical expression? Or can it be conveyed with the non-paradoxical expression?In order to answer these questions, first, varions viewpoints concerning these categories have been presented. Then, it is concluded that the language of the mystics is paradoxical due to their experiences. Hence, the language reflects the experience correctly. At the end, the last stage of the mystical language perfection, i.e. the symbolic language, has been considered and introduced.

Sahl Ibn-Abdullah Tostari is one of the most outstanding and massine figures in the Islamic mysticism.He has had much influence and impact on this sort of mysticism. One may notice his profound influence in any mystical sources and references.Some orient lists have done studies concerning him and his immense influence as well.In this research, it has been tried to survey this impact through investigating the related references. Then a critical approach toward these sources and the influence has been put forward.

Several sorts the scientific discussions should be done concerning the mystics' miraculous actions. Of course, the first step is to classify them: Therefore, in this article, it has been tried to introduce two old ways of this Classification. The first one has been done by "Sobki" which is objective. The second done has been done by "Ibn-Arabi" which is mostly subjective. One may also notice that there has been a kind of transforming, from the objectivity to subjectivity, in mysticism.

Comparison between two things is a general matter which has a historical background Man, since the beginning of creation, has compared different things with each other. In the holy Quran, there are many verses which refer to this matter. The God says: "Say: Are those who know and those who don't know alike?". In this holy verse, a comparison has been made between the persons who know and the ones who don't As we see, man has selected comparison as a way to find different truths. One of the subjects that can be compared in the world of literature is the story of leili and Majnoon in the Arabic & Persian literatures. This text has studied and compared the story of leill and Majnoon in the, Arabic & Persian literatures and after referring to its similarities and differences in both literatures, has focused on the story - writing power of Iran's literary figures, specially Nezami Ganjavi.

"Rahmat" God's blessing and mercy, can be divided in two types, i.e. general and specific blessings. The general blessing is for all the creatures,, whether good or evil whether obeying or committing sins, etc. The specific blessing is for the universe and the man on the basis of his good deeds. A perfect man's heart is created by "rahmat". Since this heart has the manifestation of all the divine names and features, it is more prevailing than it. Hence, "rahmat" exceeds the wrath. Therefore, it is for the persons in the hell as well. It should be considered that God's punishment is also a sort of "rahmat". The punishment of the people of the holy prophet Yunes Caused "rahmat" to be returned to them.

Manoochehri Damghani is one of the greatest Iranian Poets who lived in the fifth century (A.H). He knew both the Arabic and Persian languages and literature quite well. He also knew the religious scieces, medicine, and astronomy in a very good manner.He has presented many scientific elements and aspects in his poetry.Hence, he has used many Arabic technical terms along with the names of many poets. Yet, his poems are quite attractive.He has created the poetical form called "mosammat" as well. His similes are very beautiful and innovative.In this research, it has been tried to put forward the influence of emrolgheys's Mu'allaqah and poetical the meson his poems. Three odes of his and certain verse have been thoroughly surveyed and examined.

Today, the literary critics divide poetry into four main kinds. They are epic, dramatic, lyric, or didactic poetry. In order to determine the literary genre of a hymn, its definition should be considered. It is a sort of poetry containing silent prayers, the statements of being needy and impotent, etc. praising the greatness of God. it is also per formed in the purity of heart and the tenderness of feelings. Since there are strong elements of feelings and sentiments, from the viewpoint of literary genres, the entity of a hymn is a lyric one. On the other hand, considering the Persian hymns containing a kind of advice, they are called didactic lyric as well. The prevailing sentiments in the Persian hymns are the senses of being needy and important toward God as well as being hopeful for His forgiving, mercifulness, etc.

The Calligraphic work of "The Explanation of the Meanings of the Qur'anic Words "compiled by Ali Ibn –Abdullah Ibn Abbas (118 A.H.), according to the Qur'anic researchers, is about the aspect, dimensions, and similarities of the Glorious Quran. This book being a valuable source has the meanings of 72 Qur'an words.Some scholars believe that the oldest book in this field is ''Al-Ishbah wa Al-Naza'ir" written by Moqatil Ibn-Suliman Balkhi (150 A.H.). If it is proved that "The Explanation of…" is really attributed to Ibn-Abbas, it must be considered as the lodestone which is absolutely significant. Of course, one may find out many indications, whether inside or outside the text, thet this book is truly attributed to Ibn Abbas.

Love is the most significant subject matter and theme in the theoretical and practical aspects of mysticism. In fact, it is the reflections of love that which make all levels of the creation. In the way of a creature's perfection and his path toward God, love is Divine. Hence, love can be considered from two perspectives and aspects. They are the ascending arc. In this research, it has been tried to investigate and find out Jami's doctrine concerning this major subject matter and theme in the Islamic mysticism through exploring and surveying his works.