JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2005 | Volume:56 | Issue:174|Papers Count:12

When Busairi emerged in the Arabic literary world and wrote his famous poem, i.e. Burdah, he deeply influenced the Arabic literary grounds. The other Arabic eulogizers followed him in their eulogies for Our Holy Prophet. In this way the Badi' iya poems were formed. In these verses some figures of speech were used. Safi AI-Din, the great poet of the seventh century (A.H), had an outstanding position among the other poets of this style. He was considered as the innovator in this literary trend. Hence, in this research, it has been tried to survey the figures of speech and rhetorics of the Badi' iyas of Hilli and Kaf' ami, esp. the forgotten ones. It should be mentioned that Kaf' ami used the figures of speech and the Arabic rhetoricsin a much better way.

Anecdotes, proverbs,tales,quotes,etc.have always been a true language for expressing the various facts of the time. Hence, the researcher has decided to write different articles and essay concerning them, from the poetical works of Scholar Abulfath Bosti, the great poet in Ghaznavi Period. This extensive study is a bilingual one, i.e. Arabic and Persian, and in a comparative and contrastive framework.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is one of the most significant documents concerning the Iranian cultural identity. Although this massive literary work is not considered as a mystical one, it plays an imporlant part in the Islamic mystical texts. Hence, one can never think of a separation between the Iranian culture and Islam. Mowlawi has used the names, characters,and customs of the heroes and heroines of Shahnameh. Hence,in this way, he has a very specific position among the mystics.

Safi AI-Din Hilli and 'Attar are two great Islamic poets. They have very remarkable eulogies for Our Holy Prophet. Both of them have talked abouthis "mi'raj" (holy journey to heaven), his outstanding character, his various virtues, his highness, etc. However, 'Attar has expressed these instances both directly and indirectly. While Hilli has stated them in a direct way. The indirect cases expressed by 'Attar are veryartistic and mystical. But Hilli has eulogized him in a poetical and earthly manner and historically. Hilli is Shiite and 'Attar is Sunni, but both of these poets have considered the religion in a moderate and unified way.

One of the most famous Arabic poems of the pre-Islamic era (jahili period) is an ode having 23 verses. This poem has been attributed to a Jewish poet called Samaw' al. Hence in this research,it has been tried to approve or disapprove this attribution. At the end, the translation of this well-known ode into Persian has been scientifically analyzed.

The Glorious Qur'an, the Holy "Sunna" the Islamic consensus,and wisdom are the major sources of ''Al-fiqh''.Based on these four valid sources, a "faqih" (an expert in "fiqh) can pronounce the minor laws. During the eleventh century (A.H) a group of scholars called ''Akhbariyin'' was formed. They disapproved the consensus and wisdom and believed in the Glorious Qur'an and the Holy "Sunna". But the experts and scholars in , 'Usul disagreed with this group.They proved the validity of the four major sources. They also believed that the Holy "Sunna" should be generalized to both Our Holy Prophet and Holy Imams.

The poetical works of Abirad Ibn -Mu 'zar area true perspective of the life style of his period. He paid much attention to the good character, humanistic attitudes, social conditions, etc, of his time. Hence, in this research,it has been tried to survey the life and works of this great poet. His awareness,creative mind, delicate emotions,and exact perception of life have been studied and discussed.

Many Iranian and foreign critics and researchers have considered Ferdowsi as one of the most outstanding Persian poets. Hence, many researches have been done on his great master piece, i.e. Shahnameh.In this research,it has been tried to survey the wise and the unwise in Shahnameh. Then the reason for attributing these two qualities to the characters has been found out and put forward. It should also be noticed that the term of "wisdom',from the Shahnameh viewpoint, is a practical one and an oriental wisdom.

In this research,based on the poetical works of Shamloo and Sepehri, the theory of metempsychosis in plants has been scienifically analyzed. Then the sacred manifestations of plants have been thoroughly investigated. It should be mentioned that all of these cases and instances are corresponded with some evidence from the above-mentioned literary works.

This Paper attempts to clarify a special awareness which the real disciples attain after complete seelcing in the mystical Path and attaining Godly perfections. "literacy and talk" and Separate from "heart as white as snow" Such awareness is not a learnable Knowledge but is acquired with a (self-consiousness) referred to or some scientists and Psychologists have interpreted as self-awareness (theologists) This special awarenessis not only better than knowledge but also better than wisdom and introspection to which some Philosophers It is also the Product of changing the deciple self to a newly developed and God related self .It is a Kind of instrospection which is the result of Passing degrees of mysticism and getting of mystic Wonderland. the commonalities and differences in the ideas of these two Poets on this important issue has been discussed,Finally and then tried to elaborate Hafez understandings of the issue (lyrics 'Shams) the author has discussed all manifestations of such awareness in Mannauy and Ghazaliat Shams, (section) After Proving the above claim in chapter.