سال:1396 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:11

Objective: This study was conducted to compare the profile of temperament and character dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder with a control group. Method: In this causal-comparative study, the population consisted of 2 clinical groups (major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder) and a non-clinical group. The sample was 193 individuals (77 patients with major depressive disorder, 86 patients with bipolar mood disorder, and 30 controls), with an age range of 18 to 65 years and the mean age of 40. 1. They were selected from Roozbeh psychiatric hospital using available sampling method. Tools used in this research included Temperament and Character Inventory-140 and General Health Questionnaire-28. Collected data were analyzed by independent t test and one-way analysis of variance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-22 software. Results: The results revealed a significant difference among groups in dimensions of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness (P <0. 05). The results showed that the mean was different in males and females only in the novelty seeking dimension (P <0. 05). Conclusion: In general, our results revealed that patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder have different personality profiles in some dimensions of temperament and character compared with the control group.

Objective: There are different pathophysiological mechanisms for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as suggested by the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic hypotheses. The present study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus) and fluvoxamine in the treatment of mild to moderate obsessivecompulsive disorder. Method: In this study, 50 males and females, aged 18 to 60 years, with mild to moderate OCD, participated. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either saffron (30 mg/day, 15 mg twice a day) or fluvoxamine (100 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Adverse Event Checklist, we assessed the patients at baseline, and at the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth week. Finally, the data were analyzed using general linear repeated measures. Results: In this study, 46 patients completed the trial. General linear repeated measures demonstrated no significant effect for time-treatment interaction on the Y-BOCS total scores [F (2. 42, 106. 87) = 0. 70, P = 0. 52], obsession Y-BOCS subscale scores [F (2. 47, 108. 87) = 0. 77, p = 0. 49], and compulsion Y-BOCS subscale scores [F (2. 18, 96. 06) = 0. 25, P = 0. 79]. Frequency of adverse events was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that saffron is as effective as fluvoxamine in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate OCD.

Objective: Many people who access mental health services usually do not seek treatment to avoid the consequences of stigma and label of mental illness. Thus, determining each aspect related to stigma reduction barriers seems necessary. This qualitative study was conducted to investigate stigma reduction barriers towards mental disorders in Iran. Method: In this study that was conducted from 2013 to 2015, content analysis was used and all stakeholders were selected by purposive sampling technique. All data were obtained through 16 individual interviews, 2 focus groups, and 6 written narratives. The data were collected, coded, and analyzed accordingly. Results: The major themes were as follow: The universality of stigma, beliefs, attitudes and lack of awareness, mental health providers and other specialists, cultural barriers, structures and policymakers, and insufficient financial resources. Conclusion: It is necessarily to identify the barriers of stigma reduction programs in Iran to increase the quality of life of patients with mental disorders. In the present study, due to the presence of mental health stakeholders, the main barriers were obtained.

Objective: Limited research has examined the psychometric properties of death depression scales in Persian populations with cardiac disease despite the need for valid assessment tools for evaluating depressive symptoms in patients with life-limiting chronic conditions. The present study aimed at evaluating the reliability and validity of the Persian Version of Death Depression Scale-Revised (DDS-R) in Iranian patients who had recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Method: This psychometric study was conducted with a convenience sample of 407 patients with AMI diagnosis who completed the Persian version of the DDS-R. The face, content, and construct validity of the scale were ascertained. Internal consistency, test– retest, and construct reliability (CR) were used to assess reliability of the Persian Version of DDS-R. Results: Based on maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis and consideration of conceptual meaning, a 4-factor solution was identified, explaining 75. 89% of the total variance. Goodness-of-fit indices (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) in the final DDS-R structure demonstrated the adequacy of the 4-domain structure. The internal consistency, construct reliability, and Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were greater than. 70. Conclusion: The DDS-R was found to be a valid and reliable assessment tool for evaluating death depression symptoms in Iranian patients with AMI.

Objective: Bipolar disorder is defined as a common and severe chronic disorder that causes several problems in a person's psychosocial functioning. This study aimed at modeling the development of bipolar disorder episodes using its determinant risk factors over time. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hamadan province, the West of Iran, from April 2008 to September 2014. In this study, 124 patients with bipolar disorder (both Type I and Type II) participated. All patients had experienced 4 relapses. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to model bipolar disorder episodes, and significance level was set at 0. 05. Results: The mean (± SD) age of the patients was 33. 2 (± 11. 55). Males were more likely to experience mania than depression compared to females (odds ratio = 2. 30, 95% CI (1. 37-3. 86)). Patients who received psychotherapy plus medicine were less likely to experience mania than depression compared to drug receivers (odds ratio = 0. 39, 95% CI (0. 18-0. 88)). In the spring, patients were more likely to experience mania than depression compared to the winter (OR = 2. 22, 95% CI (1. 18-4. 19)). Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that among bipolar disorder patients in the West of Iran, mania was much more prevalent than depression and mixed episodes. Moreover, it was found that sex, treatment, and season can determine the episodes of bipolar disorder.

Objective: There is a likelihood of risky behaviors such as drug abuse, risky sexual behavior, and adaptability issues in young ages. The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study, with a random sampling approach. Scale of measuring risky behaviors was used to measure the risky behaviors (high speed driving, maim, drug use, and sexual behaviors) and related factors. The mean, standard deviation, Chi-square tests, t tests, and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The study was conducted on 150 (50%) female and 150 (50%) male students. Most of the participants aged 20 to 24 years. A statistically significant difference was obtained between the average scores of risky behaviors among female and male students (p˂ 0. 05). The results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of risky behaviors, high speed driving, and drug consumption was different among the students of various study fields (p˂ 0. 05). Conclusion: The prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University was relatively low, and the prevalence of these behaviors in female students was far less than in male students. Risky behaviors were associated with background variables, except for mother's occupation.

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of Panax Ginseng on malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels during eustress on healthy volunteers. Method: In this study, 65 healthy volunteers were recruited from students of a medical school, with the mean age of 22. 61± 3. 63 years. The volunteers were divided into 2 groups: Group A included 35 participants who were treated by Panax Ginseng 500 mg/day, which was regarded as the treated group; group B included 30 participants treated by placebo 500 mg/day, which was regarded as the control group. Baseline data were obtained and then one month after the study, the participants were followed with respect to induction of psychological stress through daily psychomotor performance task and visual working memory accuracy testing. Stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels. Results: The participants in the control group showed significant increases in MDA serum levels (p = 0. 0004), which were related to significant increases in perceived stress scale from p<0. 0001, while Panax Ginseng led to significant reduction in MDA serum levels (p<0. 01), with significant increase in perceived stress scale (p = 0. 02). Conclusion: Panax Ginseng produced significant reduction in oxidative stress and augmented eustress level in healthy volunteers 1 month after therapy.

Objective: Obesity and depression are likely to interact mutually, which makes it unclear whether obesity causes depression or depression leads to obesity, and how the genotypes have a role in obesity and depression. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 400 individuals from the participants in the third phase of the comprehensive Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS). Anthropometric measurements and depression were assessed. PCR-RFLP was used to investigate the NPY polymorphism. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine depression as the dependent factor and gene polymorphism. Results: The frequency of NPY rs16139 was 6%. No significant association was found between NPY genotypes and depression (p >0. 05). Furthermore, the results suggest that those with central obesity had an increased chance of developing depression (P = 0. 02). Conclusion: The frequency of NPY polymorphism was 6%. Our study could not find a correlation between rs16139 and depression.

Objective: The present study aimed at comparing the effects of Religious Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RCBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and sertraline on depression, anxiety, biomarker levels, and quality of life in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Method: This was a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups. A total of 160 patients after CABG surgery will be screened for anxiety and depression according to clinical interviews based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) scores (≥ 8). To assess religious attitude, Golriz and Baraheni’ s Religious Attitude questionnaire will be used. Participants will be randomly allocated to 4 groups of 40 including 3 intervention groups (RCBT, CBT, and sertraline) and 1 control group (usual care). RCBT and CBT programs will consist of 12 one-hour weekly sessions. The participants in the pharmacological intervention group will receive 25-200 mg/d of sertraline for 3 months. The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) will be administered to assess the patients’ quality of life. Blood samples will be taken and biomarker levels will be determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary outcome will be reduction in anxiety and depression scores after the interventions. The secondary outcomes will be increase in quality of life scores and normalized biomarker levels after the interventions. Discussion: If RCBT is found to be more effective than the other methods; it can be used to improve patients’ health status after CABG surgery.

Objective: Emergency medicine residents are a high– risk group for burnout syndrome. This was a qualitative study with content analysis on emergency medical residents with 2 aims: evaluating the incidence of occupational burnout syndrome and identifying the points of view and attitudes of emergency medical residents about factors related to occupational burnout syndrome. Method: For this study, 2 sessions of focus group discussions were set up at Imam Khomeini hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Each session took 90 minutes, and 20 emergency medicine residents in their first or second year of emergency medicine residency participated in the sessions. Data were coded by MAXQDA10 software. Results: Data were categorized in 4 themes as follow: (1) the characteristics of emergency medicine; (2) ambiguity in residents’ duties; (3) educational planning; and (4) careers. Data on the proposed solutions by residents were analyzed and coded in 3 groups including (1) changes in personal life; (2) arrangement in shifts; and (3) educational issues. Conclusion: According to findings of this qualitative study, most of emergency medicine residents have experienced exhaustion sometime during the course of their residency. Psychological supports may help the residents to cope with their career difficulties and probable burn out.

Objective: The human prostacyclin receptor gene encodes the human prostacyclin receptor, which is a part of the vasodilator system, during migraine attacks and almost certainly plays an important role in the mechanism of this disease. Method: The present study aimed at determining any variants in PTGIR gene by means of PCR and direct sequencing. Blood samples were taken from the patients, and genomic DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on the extracted DNA. The PCR products were then sequenced using the Sanger method. Results: When reviewing the familial and clinicopathological history of the 2 patients, we found that both had symptoms of migraine with visual aura and that their mothers were also suffering from migraine. Their parents were not relatives prior to marriage. Direct sequencing of Exon 2 of the PTGIR gene showed the presence of 2 mutations. These mutations were heterozygous and made the following changes: g. 1626T>A, c. 754T>A, cDNA. 867T>A, and p. S252T for the first mutation, and c. 753C>T, cDNA866C>T, g. 1625C>T, and p. C251C for the second mutation. The first mutation altered the amino acid and was a novel mutation. The second change was a conservative mutation that has already been reported. Conclusion: The prediction results of silico studies indicated that the c. 754T>A change would negatively affect the protein’ s function and seemed to cause the disease. However, functional analysis is required to confirm the association between the variant and the disease.